فهرست مطالب جعفر شعبانی

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction group training on high-risk behaviors and resilience of students with experience of injury in Raz and Jarglan cities.

The current research is semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research is all secondary school students in Raz and Jorglan cities. The research sample included 40 students who were selected from among the students with a history of self-harm using a purposive sampling method and randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups. After that, the experimental group was taught mindfulness skills once a week for an hour and a half and in total 10 sessions. Research data was collected through the Conner and Davidson’s resilience scale (2003) as well as the risk of Iranian adolescents using Zadeh Mohammadi and Ahmad Abadi’s (2008) scale. After the last training session was completed, the same post -test conditions were implemented at the same time for the two groups of experimental and control. And the data obtained was analyzed via multi -variable analysis (MANCOVA).

The obtained results confirm the effect of mindfulness training on increasing resilience and reducing risky behaviors and its components in the experimental group.

It can be said that managers are like parents in the family, and their personality, behavior and performance can play a significant role in the productivity of employees, therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the personality and behavioral characteristics of people in choosing management positions in organizations.

The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction group therapy on self-care and hope in patients with type 2 diabetes.

The current research was part of a descriptive experimental research using the pre-test-post-test method with a control group and a follow-up stage; The statistical population of the research included all the people referred to the health centers of Gorgan City in 2023 who were suffering from type 2 diabetes and for whom a medical file was registered; Of these, 36 patients with type 2 diabetes were selected as samples using the available sampling method, and after matching, they were randomly replaced in the experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent mindfulness training based on Javadi et al. (2019) during 8 two-hour sessions in 8 weeks, but the control group did not receive training. Both groups completed Tobert et al.'s Diabetes Self-Care Activities Measure (2000) and Schneider's Adult Hope Scale (1999) before, after, and one month after the training sessions. Finally, the data were analyzed using the multivariate analysis of covariance test (MANCOVA).

Results showed that mindfulness-based stress reduction group therapy can improve self-care (F=318.54, P<0.0001, ƞ2=0.85) and hope (F=177.87, P<0.0001, ƞ2=0.85) in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Mindfulness-based stress reduction group therapy can be used as a complementary and facilitating treatment in the treatment of type 2 diabetic patients and improve self-care and hope in these patients.

It has been shown that moral intelligence can affect many psychological characteristics such as those manifesting themselves in academic cheating and self-compassion. Given that such intelligence refers to certain knowledge and skills that can be learned, the question that arises is whether group teaching of these skills would lead to a reduction in cheating and increase self-compassion. To answer this question two high schools in Tehran were randomly selected and the self-compassion and tendency towards academic cheating of their students measured. 50 students scoring highest on cheating tendency and lowest on self-compassion were selected and divided into two groups, one of which went through an eight session course on moral intelligence. The instruments used to measure the three constructs were assumed to be valid and reliable. Results show the expected outcome as cheating tendency decreased and self-compassion increased among the experimental group’s members. It appears that going through the course causes students to become committed to moral principles and more honest and responsible for their decisions. Thus it is recommended that such courses be taught in all schools facing the said problem.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of mindfulness training based on stress reduction on awareness and job motivation of Golestan Gas Company employees in 1401. The current research is semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research is all the employees of Golestan Gas Company. The research sample included 36 employees who were selected from among the employees by purposeful sampling method and randomly replaced in two experimental groups (18) and control (18). After that, the experimental group was taught mindfulness skills based on stress reduction once a week for an hour and a half and in total 10 sessions. Research data were collected through Baer, et al. mindfulness scale and Herzberg’s career motivation scale. After the end of the last training session, the post-test was conducted simultaneously and under the same conditions for both experimental and control groups. And the obtained data were analyzed using univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The obtained results confirm the effect of mindfulness training on increasing mindfulness and job motivation in the experimental group. According to the results, comprehensive planning in the field of mindfulness training among employees is recommended to increase mindfulness and job motivation.

The aim of this article is to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive therapy group training based on mindfulness on academic vitality and social health.

Quantitative-applied research of an experimental type with a pre-test, post-test design with a control group, and the statistical population includes all female students of the first grade of high school in Bandar Anzali city, who were randomly divided into two groups of 20 people, controlled and tested. Martin and Marsh's (2008) academic vitality questionnaires, Keyes and Shapiro's (2004) social health questionnaires, as well as the mindfulness training protocol have been used as the intervention variable of the research for data collection tools. To test the hypotheses, univariate covariance analysis was used using SPSS software.

The research results showed that mindfulness training is effective on academic vitality and social health.

Mindfulness training improves the social health and academic vitality of female students.

this study aims to compare the effectiveness of neurofeedback and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on social adjustment. Emotional, students' education was done.

In this study, the statistical population included 108 pre-university students in Mashhad who were studying in Mashhad in the academic year 1399-1400. According to the statistical population and according to the situation, available sampling was used in this study. For the sample size according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 45 people were selected and randomly, 15 people in the control group and 15 people in the experimental group 1 and 15 people in the experimental group 2 and neurofeedback method on the experimental group 1 and method Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was performed on experimental group 2 and the two methods were finally compared with each other. Data collection tools were; Adjustment inventory of school students(AISS), Mindfulness Protocol.

According to the results of statistical analysis, the use of neurofeedback exercises significantly increases students' emotional, social and academic adjustment. Also, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy significantly increases emotional, social and academic adjustment. However, there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of neurofeedback method and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on students' adjustment factors.

Shyness is the tendency to feel awkward, worried, or tense during social encounters, especially with unfamiliar people. Assertiveness – asking for something you need or saying no to a request – is a skill that is difficult for many people. Play therapy is a method of therapy that uses play to uncover and deal with psychological issues in children and adolescents. This study set out to compare the effectiveness of sandplay and storytelling therapy in shyness and assertiveness of fourth to sixth grade elementary school children in Gonbad-e Kavus in 2017-18 school year. This quasi-experimental study had a pretest-posttest control group design. To achieve the research goals, forty-five students with higher levels of shyness and lower levels of assertiveness were selected and assigned to 3 groups of 15 - 2 experimental groups and 1 control group. The research instruments included Stanford Shyness Survey (1977), the Gambrill and Richey Assertion Inventory (1975), and sandplay and storytelling therapy training packages. At the end of study, the pretest and posttest scores of the three groups were compared and the obtained data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). The results showed that sandplay and storytelling therapy were effective in students' shyness and assertiveness. The obtained means also indicated that sandplay therapy was more fruitful than storytelling therapy.

The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing at an alarming rate. They both have two-way communication with onechr('39')s emotional stresses and psychological distresses.

This research is a descriptive-correlation study. The sample size included 370 female high school students in Gonbad, Galikesh, Azadshahr, and Kalaleh, in the east of Golestan province (Iran) in 2018. To select the participants, 370 students with a body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 29.9 kg/m² were selected as samples, and the Emotional Intelligence (EQ) questionnaire was handed out Pearsonchr('39')s correlation and regression analyses were also employed in this study (p<0.05).

The results demonstrated that there is a direct, yet inverse relationship between students’ total EQ (r= -0.465, p =0.01), intrapersonal (r= -0.421,p= 0.01), interpersonal (r= -0.325, p= 0.01), adaptability (r= -0.391, p= 0.01), stress management (r= -0.401, p= 0.01), general mood (r= -0.383, p= 0.01), and their overweight. Also the Regression Analysis findings show that the EQ sub-scales are significant predictors for overweight R2 = 0.431, F = 39.457, and (p= 0.00). It suggests that the higher the EQ and its subscales scores among the students increase, the less weight they own, and vice versa.

The findings of this study will enhance social public awareness of the side- effects of overweight, equipping the public with some counseling to lose weight through using EQ for students suffering overweight.

Studies have shown that mindfulness affects many psychological variables. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on sexual dysfunction and sexual satisfaction in women with meta-marital relationships.

 The research method is quasi-experimental and applied. The research design was pre-test, post-test and experimental groups. The statistical population of the study consisted of all women with spouses with meta-marital relationship referring to Tehran Psychological Health Clinic. As a quasi-experimental type of study, 29 patients (control and experimental groups) were selected as sample size based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Research instruments consisted of Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire (LSSQ) and FSFI. In the present study, the shapiro wilk test was used to investigate the normal distribution of data. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA, repeated measures test and Bonferroni post hoc test.

The results showed that due to the difference between the means of sexual satisfaction and sexual function, scores from pre-test to post-test increased. There was also a significant difference between the mean post-test and follow-up of sexual satisfaction and sexual function in the experimental group (p <0.001). The difference between pre-test and post-test for sexual satisfaction and sexual function in the control group was not significant (p = 0.552). There was also a decrease in mean post-test and follow-up of sexual satisfaction and sexual function in control group (p = 0.906).

It seems that mindfulness can affect many psychological variables such as sexual disorders and sexual satisfaction of women with spouses with meta-marital relationships. Further research is recommended to increase external validity.

Research results show that unmanaged use of virtual networks is the cause of differences between couples. Accordingly, the present study aimed to determine the mediating role of attitudes toward betrayal and marital conflicts in the relationship between the use of virtual social networks and emotional divorce in married teachers in Mashhad.

The research method was descriptive-correlational and the society included married teachers in seven areas of education in Mashhad city in the academic year of 2017-2018. 375 teachers were selected by quota sampling method and completed questionnaires on social networks, emotional divorce, attitudes toward betrayal and marital conflicts. Data were analyzed using path analysis using Maximum Field Definition (ML). The structural equation modeling was used to analyze data using AMOS software version 25.

Based on the findings, the mediating role of attitude toward betrayal was not significant for predicting emotional divorce based on the use of virtual social networks (β = 0.06).The role of conflicting intermediaries is significant for predicting emotional divorce based on the use of virtual social networks. Accordingly, the role of the mediating meanings of marital conflicts along with the non-perceptible role of attitudes toward betrayal, based on the use of virtual social networks, predicts a total of 20% of the variance of emotional divorce. If the direct role of using virtual social networks in predicting emotional divorce along with the role of intermediate variables is considered, 66% of the variance of emotional divorce is predictable. Fit indicators showed the optimal fitness of the model with the collected data. (P <0.05)

The results of this study showed that increasing the use of virtual networks with increasing conflicts increases the incidence of emotional divorce in couples.

As a social damage, divorce can affect family members, especially children and adolescents and leave negative effects on their social and emotional development. The present study was carried out to compare mental profiles among 180 female high school students from divorced and normal families in Gorgan in academic year 2014-2015. The population of the study comprised all high school girls in Gorgan and the sample was drawn through multi-stage cluster sampling method. The research method was causal-comparative. Required data were collected using the Iranian short form of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). For the purpose of data analysis, independent samples t-test was utilized. Results showed a significant difference between the two groups of high school girls from divorced and normal families in terms of all clinical scales, i.e., hypochondriasis, depression, hysteria, psychopathy, paranoia, mental weakness, schizophrenia, and mania. Based on the overall results, it is concluded that not only does parents’ break up affect their own lives but it will also have even more adverse effects on their children.

The present study attempts to analyze the relationship between the early maladaptive schemas and test anxiety among the sophomore high school students in the city of Gorgan. This descriptive research has a correlational method. The population (n= 9955) includes all second grade high school student in the city of Gorgan within the school year 2015-2016. The multi- stage cluster sampling was used to select 369 samples. The required data were gathered using the maladaptive schema questioners and the test anxiety questionnaire. Multi- variable regression Pearson correlation method was also used to analyze the data. The results of the current study showed that there is a significant, yet reverse relationship between early maladaptive schemas with test anxiety. According to the results of this research Education can implement comprehensive programs to train students to correct early maladaptive schemas and reduce test anxiety among students. And thereby increase the efficiency of student activities in education and other areas of their lives.

The main purpose of this study was to look into the relationship between religious beliefs, optimistic explications and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among the dedicated teachers of the border towns in Golestan province, Iran.
The research method of the present study is correlational and the statistical population included all the dedicated teachers of the border towns in Golestan province. The availability sampling method was used to select a group of 219 subjects. To collect the data, the Weathers et al.’s PTSD Checklist, the Allport’s Religious Orientation Questionnaire and the Scheier & Carver’s Life Orientation Test were employed. Pearson’s correlation and regression analysis were used to examine the research hypotheses.
The results indicated that PTSD has a negatively significant correlation with religious beliefs (inner and outer) and optimism. Moreover, a positively significant correlation is observed between religious beliefs (inner and outer) and optimism. Other outcomes revealed that inner religious beliefs and optimism can predict PTSD.
Considering the significant relationship between religious beliefs and optimistic explanations, on the one hand, and post-traumatic stress disorder, on the other, provisions need to be made so that the people with post-traumatic stress can be given religious training by religious scholars and specialized workshops can be held to reinforce their religious beliefs and optimism.

This study examined the effectiveness of training mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in reducing social anxiety disorder among first high school female students in Gomishan city.
the research included a quasi-experimental method with the pretest-posttest design and the control group. The study population consisted of all students in the academic year 2015-16 in Gomishan city. First, using a convenience sampling method, two schools were selected among the schools of the area. Next, the lessons were selected, and then, of all students, 40 with high social anxiety scores (one standard deviation above the mean) were selected and were randomly assigned to the experimental group (20 people) and the control group (20 people). Participants in the experimental group, they were treated for 8 sessions with the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy program. The social anxiety scale was used to collect data and the data obtained were calculated through one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).
The results approved the effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on reducing social anxiety disorder scores and its components (fear, avoidance, and physiology) in the pilot group.
Discussion and According to the results, the mindfulness-based cognitive training is recommended to reduce the symptoms of social anxiety disorder in students with high social anxiety scores.