فهرست مطالب جعفر محسنی

Recurrent Pregnancy Loss and Recurrent Implantation Failure are major limiting factors in the establishment of pregnancy. Recurrent Pregnancy loss is defined as the failure of two or more clinically recognized pregnancies. A considerable proportion of infertile couples undergoing IVF treatment experiencing recurrent implantation failure (RIF) fail repeatedly to implant following at least three IVF cycles. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can serve as reliable non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for pregnancy-related complications. Therefore, this study aimed to quantify miR-23a-3p expression level in the plasma of patients with idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss (iRPL) and recurrent implantation failure compared to healthy subjects to evaluate its potential diagnostic value in iRPL and RIF patients.

This study is a cross-sectional descriptive study. A total of 120 plasma samples were obtained from 40 women with a history of at least two consecutive iRPL, 40 women with RIF, and 40 healthy women without a history of miscarriage to evaluate the expression level of the circulating miR-23a-3p by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technique. All participants were recruited from Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) and Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz, Iran, September 2019-March 2020. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (version 22). Diagnostic efficiency of the circulating miRNAs was determined by Receiver Operatig Characteristic curve analysis using Graphpad Prism version 9.1.1.

Our results showed that the miR-23a-3p expression level in plasma of iRPL patients was lower than those in healthy controls but without a statistically significant difference (P=0.113). We also found that miR-23a-3p plasma level in patients with RIF tended to be lower compared to healthy participants; however, it was not statistically significant (P=0.974).

The current study provides evidence indicating that downregulation of miR-23a-3p may be associated with iRPL and RIF. Therefore, further research is needed, such as using different geographic regions, large sample sizes, and other techniques (microarray).

Women who experience more than two miscarriages suffer from recurrent pregnancy loss(RPL) which involves about 0.8% to 1.4% of couples. The lncRNA HULC gene was first discovered for its significant regulatory function in Hepatocellular carcinoma and then was considered in other diseases including RPL. The present study was performed with aim to investigate the association of G>A single nucleotide polymorphism of rs17144343 in HULC gene with susceptibility to recurrent miscarriages in women population of Eastern Azerbaijan of Iran.

In this case-control study which was performed in 2019-2020, genomic DNAs of 150 patients and 150 healthy individuals were extracted from the peripheral blood samples by salting-out method. Then, genotyping of rs17144343 locus was determined by TETRA-ARMS-PCR assay. Finally, the genotyping data were statistically analyzed using the software package javastat online statistics and SPSS (version 23).

The genotypic distribution of rs17144343 for GA and GG genotypes were respectively 24.7% and 75.3% for cases and 2% and 98% for the control group. The frequency of allele A in controls was 1% and in case individuals was 12.4%. There was a significant relationship between the risk of recurrent pregnancy loss and rs17144343 polymorphism of HULC gene (P<0.001). Also, by considering some clinical and pathological characteristics, it was revealed that there is a significant relationship between genotypes and the familial relationship between the couple's parents (P=0.003).

The results obtained in his study demonstrated that G>A polymorphism of rs17144343 in HULC gene has a significant role in susceptibility to recurrent pregnancy loss, but larger sample studies are required to further verify this finding.

Asthenozoospermia is one of the major causes of male infertility, the motility of the sperm is decreased or absent in these men. Male infertility occurs in approximately 50% of infertile couples and among the many genetic causes of infertility, we can mention cytogenetic abnormalities, gene defects, and epigenetic factors. The aberrant mRNA expression of some genes can also impair sperm motility. This research aims to study the difference in expression of the Intraflagellar transport 122 gene (IFT122) and the Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 4 gene (ENTPD4) in the semen sample of 20 infertile men with asthenozoospermia and 10 healthy normozoospermic men with Real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results demonstrated that the expression level of the ENTPD4 gene increased (p = 0.01) and the IFT122 gene decreased significantly (p = 0.0001) in the asthenozoospermia group in comparison with the control group. The IFT122 gene plays a role in the assembly and maintenance of flagella, and the ENTPD4 gene hydrolyzes triphosphate nucleotides to diphosphate and monophosphate in energy metabolism. The current study emphases their importance in male infertility mechanism.

If the pregnancy attempt fails, it may become a stressful event. Therefore, in many cases, problem solving can lead to greater satisfaction and cohesion of couples and prevent psychological and social harm to families. The aim of this study was to determine the significant difference in the expression of miR-146a miRNA in maternal blood between the control and observation groups and to determine whether the miRNA can be used as diagnostic biomarkers or not.

The present study is a basic and descriptive survey in terms of data analysis. The samples included pregnant women referred to Tabriz University of Jahad from September 2019 to February 2021. We used Exel, Spss v.21 and Roc software for data analysis. Data were prepared in Exel software with reference gene and by calculating CT. Were used in Roc software.

The results showed a difference between the control and observation groups. Early detection of recurrent miscarriage should be used in these mothers.

Through using diagnostic kits of the studied miRNAs, effective steps can be taken for early detection, prevention of abortion, and reducing the heavy psychological, economic, and social burden on families. Therefore, it is suggested that diagnostic kits be made for these biomarkers and used in infertility centers. Practical Implications. Among the practical implications of this study, we can mention the diagnosis and prevention of abortion, which can reduce the burden on families and society.

Abstract like some thinkers and philosophers(like Foucault and Wittgenestein) john Rawls have had periods of thought. Gnerally, his life of thought is divided in to two periods; first begins with publication of A Theory of Jvstice(1971) and ends by political Liberalism(1996). The first period is characterized by two features): Anunique centrality of Liberal doctrne and liberalism, and absence of reasonable pluralism .In the other words, only doctrine of liberalism is reasonable, and so reesonableness of non liberal doctrines is denied. The second Period of though began with book of political Liberalism and continued until his death(2001). In genertal, two developments of thought emerged in this phase: First, proposition of reasonable pluralism; it is claimed that there is not only also liberal docrin in the society but different reasonable doctrins are found. Here matters of reasonable pluralism, overlapping Comsen sus, the politically reasonable , reasonableness of religon (conditionally)werer discussed. Second, he extended the range of reasonobleness and proposed a concept in the name of decancey. He applied this concept to a certain Islamic society under the heading Kazanistan Which to some sxtend is reasonable ad deseving to be tolerated. Therfore religon potentially can result in reas obleness. Generally, in the heart of religious reasonableness lie elements such as tolartion, deliberation, recognition, intersubje ctivty, dialoug, consensus. Some matters discussed in this article are: 1. What is reasonableness? 2. What means religious reasonableness? 3. Why I slam is reason able and how?

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) determined by spontaneous pregnancy before 20th gestational week. It imposes a great psychological and financial burden on families. The aim of this study was to investigate chromosomal aberration in couples with RPL. From 1991 to 1996، a total number of 400 couples (800 patients) with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL) were karyotype by standard lymphocyte culture and GTG banding technique. We detected different kind of Chromosomal aberration such as Robertsonian translocation، inversion، deletion، sex chromosomes abnormality among 32 (4%) out of 800 patients. The current study demonstrated the presence of chromosomal aberration in RPL. According our data، to determine chromosomal aberration of fetus of carries couples، amnion fibroblast analysis is recommended.

The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of second trimester screening for Down syndrome and trisomy 18 in a population of pregnant women in east Azerbaijan province. The study involved 300 consecutive women who attended the screening between the 15th and 20th weeks of pregnanc. A blood sample was obtained to measure alpha feto protein (AFP), intact human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and unconjugated estriol 3 (UE3). The combined risk assessment including maternal age, AFP, hCG and UE3 was performed in each individual using a computerized risk figure program. The positive screen results were referred to prenatal diagnosis to prenatal diagnosis clinic for further molecular and cytogenetic studies. The mean age in study population was 25.11±5.47 years. Twenty one positive screen results (7%) were detected for Down syndrome and 9 positive screen results were detected for Edward syndrome (3%). The mean age in these groups were 30.62±7.88 and 30±4.26 years respectively. The remaining 270 individuals had negative screen results and the mean age in this group was 24.75±5.45 years. Prenatal diagnosis using interphase Fluorescence in Situ Hybridisation and standard cytogenetic techniques revealed Down syndrome in 3 positive screen results (7%). Two positive screen pregnancies for Down syndrome were terminated due to fetal death. In none of the positives screen results for trisomy 18, Edward syndrome was confirmed through the aforementioned techniques. The results of this study were comparable to the previous studies. These showed that second trimester study of pregnant mothers is a useful screening model for detection of Down syndrome.