حاتم ملکی

The purpose of paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of TVET and its role in improving the lives of prisoners and reducing the frequency of crime. This research is applied- descriptive. The research population includes whole participated prisoners in TVET training courses during 2014 based on 246 random samples. Effectiveness of TVET courses run based on the Kirkpatrick model in three levels:  response, learning and behavior change. The data collection tool was Kirkpatrick's (1966) Evaluation Questionnaire and Researcher's Scale Questionnaire to assess the prisoners' life status and reduce the frequency of crime.
Validity of questionnaires was confirmed by experts, and their reliability was calculated based on the Cronbach's alpha coefficient (1.90), (80.8) and (78.) respectively. To investigate the research questions, one-sample t-test was used and structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to investigate the research hypotheses. Lastly, the results represent that TVET courses held in prison based on the three levels of Kirkpatrick (response, learning, behavior change) were in suitable position, meanwhile TVET improved the life situation and decrease crimes.

The present research has been conducted through Correlative method to study the effect of organizational learning on the non-fiscal aspects of organizational performance. The statistical society includes the staff of National Petrochemical Corporation Central office whose number is 509 people. Out of these, 215 were selected based on Morgan’s table and through systematic random sampling. To gather data the organizational learning questionnaires of Watkinz and Marsik (1999) and the questionnaire of organizational performance of Farasatkhah (1384) were used. The reliability of the questionnaires were respectively 0/94 and 0/98 and their validity were confirmed by the specialists in the field. Also for analyzing data inferential statistics such as Pearson correlation coefficient, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used. The results showed that organizational learning influences all the non-fiscal organizational performance of the case study of the research. In fact organizational learning and the non-fiscal aspects of performance, like innovation and job motivation are interrelated categories.

In the ever-changing world of today, organizations need specialists whose performance goes beyond their job duties; organizational success depends on these people. The aim of the present study is to deal with the relations among spiritual leadership, psychological empowerment, positive ethical ambience and organizational citizenship behavior.
The study is an applied research and data gathering is descriptive -correlation. The statistical Population includes all the staff of Kurdistan Province General Bureau of Prisons. The sample size was 243 people who were selected through random sampling and were studied. The tools of the study were the four questionnaires; spiritual leadership, psychological empowerment, positive ethical ambience and organizational citizenship behavior. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed from the perspective of scholars and their reliability was confirmed by Cranach. To analyze the data, the method of modeling structural equations was used.
The findings show that psychological empowerment can play the intermediary role between spiritual leadership and organizational citizenship behavior. Positive ethical ambience, however, cannot play the intermediary role in this relationship and increases organizational citizenship behavior.
The findings show that spiritual leadership by creating feelings such as confidence, sacrifice and dedication motivates the staff to perform beyond their ordinary duties; and in spite of the existence of a relationship between ethical ambience and organizational citizenship behavior according to past studies, positive ethical ambience cannot play an intermediary role in the relationship between spiritual leadership and organizational citizenship behavior.
In the ever-changing world of today, organizations need specialists whose performance goes beyond their job duties; organizational success depends on these people. The aim of the present study is to deal with the relations among spiritual leadership, psychological empowerment, positive ethical ambience and organizational citizenship behavior.
The study is an applied research and data gathering is descriptive -correlation. The statistical Population includes all the staff of Kurdistan Province General Bureau of Prisons. The sample size was 243 people who were selected through random sampling and were studied. The tools of the study were the four questionnaires; spiritual leadership, psychological empowerment, positive ethical ambience and organizational citizenship behavior. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed from the perspective of scholars and their reliability was confirmed by Cranach. To analyze the data, the method of modeling structural equations was used.
The findings show that psychological empowerment can play the intermediary role between spiritual leadership and organizational citizenship behavior. Positive ethical ambience, however, cannot play the intermediary role in this relationship and increases organizational citizenship behavior.
The findings show that spiritual leadership by creating feelings such as confidence, sacrifice and dedication motivates the staff to perform beyond their ordinary duties; and in spite of the existence of a relationship between ethical ambience and organizational citizenship behavior according to past studies, positive ethical ambience cannot play an intermediary role in the relationship between spiritual leadership and organizational citizenship behavior.

Leadership theory and research has not addressed the role of leaders in knowledge management, despite its importance to organizations. Consequently, information and knowledge management as key leader functions have not been explored. This descriptive study has sought that help to expansion links between leadership and knowledge management through examine the factorial structure of the knowledge leadership questionnaire of Viitala (2004).
Statistical population included staff at Islamic Azad University Sanandaj branch, Kurdistan University and Payame Noor University of Sanandaj (434 people). According to the ratio of staff per university, a sample of 204 selected by classified random sampling. The data collection tool was knowledge Leadership Questionnaire (Viitala, 2004) that its validity and reliability confirmed. Data analyzed by exploratory factor analysis, one sample t-test and one way ANOVA.
Findings: The results showed that the factorial structure of knowledge leadership questionnaire consisting of dimensions orienteering of learning, creating climate that supports learning, supporting individual and group level learning processes, Acting as a role model with some changes in the relationship between the indicators and dimensions. Results also showed that knowledge leadership in the universities studied, was higher than average, and there was no the difference between the universities in terms of the application of knowledge leadership.
According to study findings, knowledge leadership questionnaire Viitala (2004) is used in Iran.

Developing communication in hospitals based on trust, would be improves nurses’ quality work life. Alongside this, if the organizational leader's behaviors would be in regard to work spirituality and team work quality improvement, it will be bring up organizational trust in hospitals environments.
Aim: This study was conducted to analyzing relationship between spiritual leadership, team work and organizational trust among hospitals nurses who affiliated with Sanandaj University of Medical Sciences in 2014.
Methods and Materials: This study was a descriptive-correlational that nurses (n=111) who worked in hospitals affiliated to the university of medical sciences in Sanandaj city, were selected through available sampling. Data collection tools were three questionnaires; spiritual leadership, team work and organizational trust whose reliability and validity were approved. Reliability by α- Chronbach were 0.74, 0.85 and 0.80 respectively. Data analysis was done through SPSS software by Pearson correlation test as well as path analysis.
There was a positive and significantly relationship among spiritual leadership, team work and organizational trust in clinical nurse (p Based on the findings, nurse managers would be improve organizational trust among nurses by creating altruistic behaviors, providing proper performance feedback, improving sense of belonging and valuing. Also increasing solidarity and improving communications can help this purpose.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship of Spiritual Leadership with, ethical climate and General Health among nurses. Concerning its purpose, the study was practical and considerate the data collection procedure it was a descriptive correlation study. Statistical population included public hospitals nurses in Sanandaj city. Samples of 111 subjects were chosen through simple random sampling procedure. The data collection tools were a Spiritual Leadership questionnaire, ethical climate questionnaire (Victor and Cullen, 1998), General Health questionnaire (GHQ-12) that their validity and reliability were allowable. Data analyzed using test of Pearson correlation. Results showed that Between Spiritual Leadership and ethical climate was a significant relationship. It was also found that component Between Spiritual Leadership and General Health was a significant relationship. But Between ethical climate and General Health wasnt a significant relationship.

The current study aimed at investigating the effect of learning organization on the organizational performance through the mediating effect of organizational learning. The population included all the staff of National Petrochemical Corporation headquarter (N=509) out of which 215 were selected as the sample using systematic random sampling technique. A researcher-made questionnaire، Watkins &Marsick’s questionnaire، and Ferasatkhah’s questionnaire were used to collect the data related to learning organization، organizational learning، and organizational performance، respectively. The reliability of the instrumentswas 0. 96، 0. 94 and 0. 98، respectively. Additionally، the validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by the experts. The analysis of the data was conducted using both descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient and SEM mode). The results showed that learning organization indirectly impactson organizational performance through organizational learning. Also، the relationship between all aspects of learning organization and organizational learning were meaningful except in the case of individual mastery factor.

In the present study the relationship between diversity management and quality of teamwork among team work Sapco was studied. Research method was descriptive and correlation design. Unit of Analysis in the study was 5teams (management, benchmark, knowledge, leadership and Fund)which (20 people)through census sampling were examined. In order to collect information, diversity management and teamwork quality of two standardized questionnaires was used. The validity and reliability of them(diversity management: 89/0, teamwork quality 84/0)was approved. The data obtained with Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis were analyzed. Results showed positive and significant relationship between diversity management and teamwork quality. In this study, team work quality as the independent variable and the variables of sex, different specialties, different studies, different age, and different career, as the dependent variable entered the regression model. the results showed among the variables, variables different specialties and education level were as one of the most predictors of teamwork quality among members team sand the largest percentage changes is dedicated to team work quality.