حامد ایزدی

The information required for the research was collected using a survey and a questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling approach using SPSS and Amos software. The statistical population of this study consisted of rural households in four rural areas of Baghmalek County of Khuzestan province (N = 3005) households based on the Krejcie and Morgan table, and the sample size of 340 households was selected. Sample individuals were studied using a stratified sampling method with proportional assignment. The results obtained from the model of structural equations of path analysis also showed that the structures of perceived reaction effectiveness, perceived self-efficacy, ethical norm, information, and knowledge and habit have a positive, direct, and significant effect on the behavioral desire of rural households to protect water. Finally, the developed theory of conservation motivation can predict 54% of the variable changes in the behavioral tendency of rural households towards water conservation. The results showed that the theory used was efficient in this field. Therefore, water policymakers need to know that psychological factors are part of sustainable behavior. Using incentives and restrictions cannot help promote safe behavior in the environment unless people are psychologically prepared for a behavior. In this regard, it is recommended that local institutions and government organizations support the protection of natural resources, especially water, by holding training classes, workshops, and seminars. The concern of water protection and the need to pay attention to it have also been created in the audience's minds, as well as people's participation and increased willingness to protect water.

The main purpose of this applied research was to analyze the norms in the theory of planned behavior to predict the behavior of rural households in the protection of Zagros forests. The data required for the research was collected by survey method and a questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS and Amos, using structural equation modeling approach. The statistical population of this study consisted of rural households in four villages of Dowreh Chegeni (N=2020) that based on Krejcie and Morgan table, a sample of 300 households was selected. The sample was studied using stratified sampling method with proportional assignment. Findings showed that the behavior variable has a positive and significant relationship with the attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavior control, moral norm, and intention variables. The results of structural equations of path analysis showed that the variables of moral norm, intention, and behavior control perceived have a positive, direct and significant effect and the variables of moral norm, attitude and behavioral control have an indirect and significant effect on behavior variable. Finally, the theory of planned behavior mediated by the moral norm variable can predict respectively 52% and 38% of the changes in the variables of intention and behavior of rural households towards forest protection. The results showed that the constructs of the theory of planned behavior such as attitudes, moral norms and perceived behavioral control are good predictors of Zagros forest protection behaviors in the studied area. ThTheese findings may be useful to executives, because instead of trying to change behavior, they can focus first on conceptual and persuasive changes, such as changing attitudes toward forest protection

Forests, as one of the main sources of renewal, play an important role in creating a suitable environment for the development of economic and social activities and they are important assets for present and future generations. Therefore, their protection is very important. The purpose of this study was to explain the factors affecting the conservation behavior of Zagros forests using the norm activation model. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population of this study consisted of rural households in four villages of Doure Chegeni (N =1399) which based on Krejcie and Morgan table, the sample size of 300 households was selected. Sample individuals were studied using stratified sampling method with proportional assignment. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose face validity was confirmed by a group of professors and experts. In addition, to determine the reliability, the pretest was used and confirmed by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results of the structural equation model of path analysis showed that the four variables of need awareness, subjective norm, consequence awareness and self-efficacy affect the moral norm of individuals towards the protection of Zagros forests. Also, forest protection behavior is significantly explained by the moral norm and the variable of pride.

Organizing the systems of exploitation of production resources, water and soil is one of the fundamental issues and one of the main challenges in Iranian agriculture. Therefore, it is necessary to take appropriate measures to solve the existing problems. Jofeyr project with an area of 36,520 hectares is located 35 km southwest of Ahvaz city. This project is divided into 7 development units, of which 5500 hectares can be exploited. The aim of this study was to select the most appropriate water resources utilization system in the agricultural sector of Jofeyr Irrigation and Drainage Network using analysis (NII). This research is a descriptive-survey type and in terms of purpose in the category (AHP) is a hierarchical of applied research and the sample size was selected by purposive sampling. During the studies, three types of systems including production cooperatives, agricultural joint stock companies and agro-industrial companies were selected as options for this study. According to the data analysis technique and the selection of the most appropriate option for the water and soil resources exploitation system, three main criteria were determined and four sub-criteria were selected for each criterion The data collection tool was a questionnaire conducted by 22 specialists (employees of Khuzestan Water and Electricity Organization, Karkheh and Shavuor Irrigation and Drainage Networks Operation Company, Rural Cooperative of Iran, Rural Cooperative of Khuzestan Province and Jofeyr Veterans Production Cooperative Union) in The subject matter had knowledge and experience, was completed. Data analysis was performed using Expert choice software. According to the results, the agricultural joint stock company was in the highest priority.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the moral norm, intention and behavior of forest protection. The statistical population of this study consisted of rural households in four villages of Chegni dore (N = 1399) which based on Krejcie and Morgan table, the sample size of 300 head of households was selected. Sample individuals were studied using stratified sampling method with proportional assignment. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose face validity was confirmed by a group of professors and experts. In addition, to determine the reliability, the pretest was used and confirmed by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient (87/0-95/0). The results of structural equation modeling of path analysis showed that the variables of social capital and environmental attitude are variables affecting the moral norm and the variables of moral norm, environmental responsibility, environmental attitude and environmental awareness of the variables directly affecting intention and Behaviors are indirect. Also, two variables of social capital and intention had a direct and significant positive effect on the behavior of rural households in forest protection. Finally, these variables were able to predict 62%, 61% and 46% of the changes in the variables of moral norm, intention and behavior of rural households towards forest protection, respectively.

The main purpose of this applied research is to analyze the factors affecting the behavior of rural households in water consumption. The information required for the research was collected by survey method and a questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS and Amos software using structural equation modeling approach. The statistical population of this study consisted of rural households in four rural areas of Baghmalek of Khuzestan province (N = 3005) that based on Krejcie and Morgan table, the sample size of 340 households was selected. Samples were selected using stratified sampling method with proportional assignment. The results obtained from the structural equation model of path analysis showed that the variables of intention and self-efficacy have positive, direct, and significant effects on the behavior. Also, perceived reaction effectiveness, perceived vulnerability, attitude towards behavior, perceived severity, and subjective norm had indirect and significant effects on the behavior through the intention. Finally, this framework for examining the variables affecting water consumption behavior can predict 45% and 55% of the changes in the behavior and intention, respectively. In addition, the research findings showed that the integrated model of the two theories of planned behavior and protection motivation as a research framework has more power to explain the behavior and intention of rural households to conserve water than the two theories separately.

Environmental issues are one of the most important concerns and preoccupations of human beings in the third millennium. It is very important to increase the desire of people at different social levels with the principles of environmental protection and to create voluntary motivations for environmental protection. Women have a significant contribution in environmental protection and natural resource management. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the increase in rural women's desire for environmental protection. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population of this research includes the women living in Hasanabad Village in Khorramabad County (N = 180). Based on Karjesi and Morgan Table, the sample size was estimated to be 118 people, which was increased to 123 people in order to increase the accuracy of the sample size. The random sampling method was also simple. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire; the form and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the faculty members of the agricultural extension and education department of the Khuzestan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. In addition, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to check and confirm reliability. The results of the analysis of the structural equation model showed that the variables of environmental responsibility, environmental awareness and reward are the variables which would affect women's desire positively and directly, and these variables would finally predict 80% of the changes in the variable of rural women's desire to protect the environment.

Today, in many developed and developing countries, rural entrepreneurship in general and rural women entrepreneurship has been seen specifically as the key to economic development as well as business improvement in many countries around the world. The purpose of this study was explaining the predictive factors of tendency to entrepreneurship among rural women. This research is descriptive-survey in terms of practical purpose and in terms of data collection. The statistical population of this study consisted of rural women in five villages of Deh Pir jonobi of eastern functions of Khorramabad county, the Center of Lorestan province (N = 756) based on Morgan table, a sample size of 256 people was selected. The sampling method with proportional assignment. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose face validity was confirmed based on the collective opinion of faculty members and relevant experts. In addition, to determine the reliability of different parts of the questionnaire, pre-test and calculation of Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used, which was between 0.70 and 0.91. The results obtained from the model of structural equations of path analysis showed that the three variables of self-identity, self-efficacy and facilities are the variables affecting the tendency of rural women to entrepreneurship in a positive and direct way. and these variables eventually accounted for 86% of the changes Predict the tendency of rural women to entrepreneurship. The results of this study have important implications for policymakers seeking to promote the entrepreneurial culture of rural women.

Today, cultivating innovative, creative and self-sufficient human beings in research has become one of the main concerns of countries and one of the ideals of today's societies is to nurture researchers to grow and elevate themselves and society. One way to achieve this goal is to pay attention to education, specifically higher education and the subject of research-based education. Research self-efficacy measures students' readiness for research activities. If students use research self-efficacy processes, they can study and research effectively supervise how they study and do research and have better academic and research performance. Therefore, the study of research self-efficacy, analysis and analysis of the factors affecting it, due to the effect on the successful conduct of research and its pursuit in graduate students, is important and can answer many problems and motivational problems of students in conducting research and also be a great help for faculty members to identify the strengths and weaknesses of their students in conducting research. Findings showed that research experience, academic motivation, teacher-student relationship, research atmosphere and environment, verbal encouragement and physiological arousal are the factors affecting the research self-efficacy of graduate students.

Analyzing the quality of practical courses outcomes it plays a pivotal role in improving the quality of education in agricultural vocational schools and the process of training experienced personnel in the agricultural sector. Thus the main purpose of this study was to analyze quality of practical courses outcomes at Athar Female Vocational Agricultural School in Baghmalek, Khuzestan province. Research method in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection, it is survey. The statistical population consisted of all students of Athar Female Vocational Agricultural School in Baghmalek township (N=76). Based on Krejcie and Morgan's table of sample size, 63 students were selected through simple random sampling methodology. Its validity was confirmed using the extracted mean variance (AVE = 0.77), in addition the reliability as measured by ordinal coefficient alpha (α = 0.84). The results of descriptive statistics indicated that students interest in agricultural careers and natural environment was first ranked factor to enroll in vocational agriculture school. Low grade point average (GPA) and lack of chance for studying in other fields was the second ranked factor in the enrollment. The results of the standard deviation from the average index (ISDM) showed that the quality of the achievements of practical courses from the students' point of view was relatively good in general. Exploratory factor analysis summarized the achievements of practical courses in three factors: acquisition of cognitive skills, acquisition of emotional skills and acquisition of professional skills. Among these, the factor of acquisition of cognitive skills is the first factor with a specific value of 6.43 alone. 32.24% of the total variance. The three extracted factors totally explained 58.43% of the total variance.