حسن نقی زاده

functional exercises and consumption of the medicinal plant Ginkgo biloba, a natural source of flavonoids and polyphenolic compounds, have beneficial effects in improving the inflammatory state and physical performance of people exposed to occupational stress. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of high-intensity functional training and consumption of Ginkgo biloba extract on the serum levels of interleukin-8 and interleukin-1β in operational male firefighters of Yazd city.

For this purpose, 48 male firefighters were randomly divided into four groups including high-intensity functional training (HIFT), high-intensity functional training with ginkgo biloba consumption, ginkgo biloba extract consumption, and control-placebo. The training was carried out for 12 weeks and 4 sessions per week. Ginkgo biloba extract (80 mg) was administered as two capsules once a day after breakfast for 12 weeks. Blood samples were taken before and 48 hours after the last training session. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance with SPSS-26 software.

The results showed that the interaction effect of exercise and ginkgo biloba extract, as well as the effect of exercise and ginkgo biloba extract alone, caused a significant decrease in the serum levels of interleukin-8 and interleukin-1β (p<0.05). The highest percentage of changes in interleukin-8 and interleukin-1β were obtained following exercise intervention along with the consumption of Ginkgo biloba extract.

Performing high-intensity functional exercises with Ginkgo biloba extract had the greatest effect in reducing serum levels of inflammatory indicators and improving oxidative stress conditions in firefighters.

The use of medicinal plants along with exercise especially in obese people has received much attention due to the modulation of inflammatory and oxidative responses. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and green tea supplement on serum levels of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), amyloid beta-42 (Aβ42) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in untrained obese elderly men.

Forty eight obese elderly men (age 65.42±3.16 years and body mass index 30.93±1.15 kg/m2) were randomly divided into four groups of 12 people including HIIT, supplement green tea, HIIT+ green tea supplement and control- placebo. HIIT training was carried out for eight weeks and three sessions per week. Green tea supplement in the form of six capsules per day in the amount of 450 mg was received by the target groups. Testing was done 48 hours before and after the last training session. The AChE and AB42 were measured by ELISA and MDA by TBARS method. Results were extracted using by analysis of variance with repeated measurement, analysis of variance two -way and Tukey’s post hoc tests at a significance level of p<0.05.

The most significant changes (decrease) in body mass index (p=0.01, 3.50%) and percent body fat (p=0.0001, 11.07%); and a significant increase in maximum oxygen consumption (p=0.02, 9.22%) was observed in the HIIT+ green tea group. The combined effect of HIIT and green tea supplementation showed a significant decrease in AChE (p=0.0001, 19.91%), Aβ42 (p=0.0001, 27.99%), and MDA (p=0.01, 26.09%). Moreover, the HIIT caused significant decrease  in AChE (p=0.02, 15.67%), Aβ42 (p=0.01, 16.22%) and MDA (p=0.01, 14.14%); and green tea supplement caused a significant decrease in Aβ42 (p=0.023, 6.19%).

The combined intervention of HIIT with green tea supplement compared to the effect of each one alone, causes a further improvement of inflammatory and oxidative indices in obese elderly men.

Part of our narrative heritage is regarding the life, personality, and biography of the divine prophets. One of these hadiths is the narration "Ākhiru man yadkhulu al-Jannata Min al-nabīyīna Solaymān ibnu Dāwūda(AS) wa dhālika limā ʾuʿṭīya fi al-donyā". It is about Solomon and apparently conveys that he will be the last prophet entering Paradise due to the gift given to him. By searching the meaning of this narration in the hadith sources, only two and three narrations were found in Shia and Sunni narrative books, respectively. It is necessary to analyze the text and isnad of these narrations. Regarding the meaning, the raised question is, despite the divine prophets' high status, infallibility, and selection by Allah, how will Solomon's kingdom, the special feature of his prophecy, lead to his delay in entering Paradise? The findings show that the isnads of these narrations are invalid, and their denotations are incompatible with the Quranic and narrative texts.

This article seeks to introduce the concept of spiritual health of the family in the Islamic lifestyle along with its indicators and identifiers by analyzing Quranic and narrative texts and propositions. This research examines the most fundamental component of the spiritual health of the family in the narrative Quranic teachings in order to discover and extract its indicators and identifiers in the institution of the family.

To collect the required information, the materials and data of the library and reliable and first-hand religious sources and books with emphasis on the verses and traditions have been used              

"monotheistic belief" is the main cognitive component of spiritual health in the family, which, as a macro belief, has an effect on all dimensions of life and gives direction to other wisdom goals in life and eliminates the background of family conflicts.
Its indicators from the Qur'an's point of view are the internal cohesion of the family, hope and optimism in the God of existence, prayer and the hereafter, and for these indicators, there are indicators such as the speed of doing good deeds, inviting the family to the affairs of the province, reminding the family members of the issue of death, offering prayers at home. reciting the Quran at home, normalizing the Hereafterism in the family, increasing the threshold of tolerance and patience towards the behavior of family members, observing moderation in consumption and removing false ornaments from life in order to stabilize the Hereafterism in the family.

Based on this, the spiritual health of the family finds maximum function in Quranic teachings and Islamic lifestyle and in all areas of health. A function that is less visible in today's spiritual health studies

Narrators of tradition benefits in Twelvers circles as a writing style among the writing methods that have been cast on most of the sciences, have a distinct and different place. Narrators of tradition benefits in Twelvers circles as a writing style among the writing methods that have been cast on most of the sciences, have a distinct place. In this research, by using the descriptive method in addition to stating the nature and history of benefits and a reference to authoring styles, to the types, application and background of the emergence of narrators of traditions benefits that show the effectiveness of the data and findings which have helped to develop narrators of tradition knowledge and formulate its principles and rules, are discussed. Mentioning the works of scholars in the field of benefit writing and description and analysis of propositions, data and information of the mentioned works with a cognitive approach is the author's strategy in the research. Among the achievements of the present research, we can point out the abundance of narrators of tradition writing and its evolution compared to other authoring styles in Islamic knowledge and its emergence before the Helleh School.

Obesity appears to be associated with respiratory problems, and respiratory function is affected by various factors such as physical exercise. For this purpose, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of non-linear resistance training and radio frequency (RF) on respiratory function and body composition in obese men.

The current research is semi-experimental. The statistical population included obese men (mean age 30.12±2.62 years and weight 92.18±3.01 kg), and 60 people participated in this research. Subjects were randomly divided into four groups: non-linear resistance training, non-linear resistance training + RF, RF and control. Training and RF intervention was implemented three sessions a week for eight weeks. Respiratory function, body composition and VO2max were measured before and after training. Data was analysed using factorial variance analysis (2x2) with repeated measures and Tukey's post hoc test at a significant level of p<0.05.

Interactive effects of training and RF significantly decreased body weight (P=0.002, 3.08 %), BMI (P=0.011, 3.08 %), body fat percentage (P=0.0001, 10.16 %), and significantly increased VO2max (P=0.017, 4.52%), FVC (P=0.0001, 12.71%), FEV1 (P=0.0001, 14.96%) and FEF 75-25% (P=0.018, 5.86%). Training alone caused significant changes in all dependent variables (p<0.05), but RF alone did not cause significant changes (P>0.05).

Therefore, the combined effect of non-linear resistance training and RF led to further improvement of respiratory function, body composition and aerobic capacity in obese men.

Verse 57 of Sūrat Az-Zukhruf is a parable that has been mocked at and ridiculed by the polytheists and they dispute with the Prophet Muhammad(PBUH). Mufassirūn (Arabic: مفسرون, an author of a tafsīr) have not been consonant or consonant in what is meant by the mentioned parable and what this verse means and have raised views that each one faces a kind of challenge. The present research, by a descriptive-analytical and critical method, has tried to provide the most appropriate tafsīr (Arabic: تفسیر, Quranic exegesis) or Quranic exegesis by examining this verse and other verses and analyzing the Quranic exegesis and narratives that are under the verse. The results show that there is a confusion between the two types of narratives related to the cause of the revelation and ignoring this point has made it more difficult to understand the verse. Therefore, the narration that attributes the parable to the polytheists and not necessarily to Ibn Zibaʿrī (Arabic: ابن زبعری) is more correct and at the same time more consistent with the context of the verses themselves. This can be considered as a criticism of the Quran based on examining ʾaḥādīṯ transmitted to mufassirūn who consider the given parable to be from God.

Study of the role of political currents claiming Mahdism can identify the fabricated hadiths introduced by politicians to Mahdavi traditions and refine the traditions of this area as much as possible. Among the reasons for politicians' approach to Mahdism is the capacity of this discussion to advance their goals. In other words, there are concepts and teachings in Mahdism which are effective for politicians. The special capacity of some concepts of Mahdism, such as "the political function of some titles related to Mahdism", "the theory of connected state," and "the special ability to discuss the signs of emergence" are among the most important reasons for the approach of these currents to Mahdism. Using the analytical-descriptive method, this research seeks to trace fabricated narratives that have been forged or fabricated by political currents in the field of Mahdism. It takes also a look at reasons for the approach of political currents to Mahdism. Findings show many types of forgery in Mahdavi traditions and teachings, of which the most important types are as follows: "Forgery in the name, lineage, and example of the Promised Mahdi", "forgery in the physical characteristics of the Promised Mahdi", "forgery in the place of Appearance", "forgery in the issue of connected government", "forgery in praise and blame of lands".

Endurance training interventions with nutritional factors may affect physiological adaptations. The combined effect of endurance exercise and alkaline water has been less investigated on the antioxidant and peroxidative status of inactive obese people. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of endurance training with alkaline water consumption on antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in inactive obese men.

The current research was semi-experimental. The statistical population included healthy men with an average age of 33.27±3.11 years and an average weight of 94.16±2.91 kg, of which 56 people participated in this research. The subjects were randomly divided into four groups: endurance training, endurance training with alkaline water, alkaline water and control. The exercise intervention was implemented three sessions a week for eight weeks. Alkaline water (pH 9.5) was received at the rate of 10 kg/mL after each training session. Before and after the last training session, antioxidant and peroxide indicators were measured.

The results showed that eight weeks of endurance training caused a significant increase in SOD (11.69%, p=0.210) and a significant decrease in MDA (4.41%, p=0.037). The highest percentage of significant changes in the serum values of SOD (16.08%, p=0.014) and MDA (5.88%, p=0.016) were assigned to the exercise group with alkaline water.Alkaline water alone did not cause significant changes in the serum values of SOD (3.94%, p=0.059) and MDA (1.45%, p=0.143).

The combined effect of endurance exercise and alkaline water improves the redox status in inactive obese men.

Mahdavi's traditions and concepts have been the focus of various political groups at the forefront of Islam. It seems that political currents claiming Mahdism have played a large role in falsifying and distorting Mahdavi traditions and concepts and have used the method of falsification as a way of political exploitation of Mahdavi traditions. It seems that at the end of the Umayyad period, most of the fake traditions and concepts found their way into Mahdavi traditions. During this period, various political groups such as the Abbasids, Kisaniyyas, Zaidis, etc. tried to take over the government, and one of the most important tricks of these political currents in order to legitimize themselves was resorting to Mahdavi concepts; In such a way that we see Mahdavi claims widely in all these currents. Many traditions have been narrated from the Prophet about the emergence of a man from his family as the Mahdi. In these traditions, the important feature of Mahdi is mentioned, that is, justice. These traditions existed among the people and many considered themselves waiting for the appearance of the promised Mahdi.Among the political currents of the beginning of Islam, which tried to legitimize and gain power by using Mahdavi hadiths, we can mention various currents that emerged in Zaidiyyah. Many clues can be found that currents such as Nafs Zakiya, Yahya ibn Omar and Muhammad ibn Qasim have pursued their own political interests by using Mahdavi's teachings and hadiths. In the meantime, the flow of Zakiyah's soul, namely Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Hassan, has played a more prominent role in forging and distorting hadiths and teachings of Mahdism.

In this study, we have examined the advanced sources of Zaidiyyah, as well as the hadith sources of Fariqayn, and the historical study of the history of the claimants of Mahdism in the Zaydiyya sect, and we have identified those types of hadiths and claims related to Mahdavi concepts and teachings, which required reflection and discussion. We have investigated these traditions with descriptive and analytical methods. With the explanation that in order to find the Zaidian forgeries in the Mahdavi traditions, the answers to the above questions can be reached in two ways. First, the historical study of the most important movements of Zaidiyya and the examination of their claims, which are related to the discussion of Mahdism, are discussed. To move in this direction, the investigation of Islamic first-hand historical sources and sources like Muqatil al-Talbeen of Abul Faraj Esfahani (died 356 AH) and Haqiq al-Marafa fi ’Ilam Kalam of Ahmad ibn Sulaiman (died 556 AH), which are among the first-hand sources of Zaidiyyah, can be helpful. And the second way is to review the narratives that are somewhat doubtful and can be related to some of these currents. In fact, in this method, we are looking for clues that connect the hadith in question with a specific political current. Many examples of such hadiths can be found that are related to some political currents, so by using this clue, we can look for more evidence to prove the falsification or distortion of these items. Among the prominent examples of this type of traditions, we can mention the traditions related to the stammering of Mahdi Mououd's speech or the traditions of Yaran Taleqani of Mououd Mehdi, each of which is related to a specific political current.

The Mahdavi debates in Zaidiyyah are more than a religious issue, it is a political issue, and several political currents can be traced in this sect that started an uprising by taking advantage of the political color of these concepts. In the course of Zayd ibn Ali, although we do not witness falsification of hadith due to the fact that his followers do not believe in the absence of Zayd; However, we see the use of Mahdavi titles such as "Mahdi" and "Mansour" in order to make him superior and to insinuate that he is a Mahdi. In other schools of Zaidiyyah, such as Nafs Zakiyah, Yahya ibn Omar and Muhammad ibn Qasim, we witness the falsification and distortion of hadiths for political interests.

In the course of Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Hasan, nicknamed "Zakieh's soul", Mahdavi concepts play a prominent role. In many hadiths, traces of this trend can be seen, its falsification and distortion. In order to insinuate that he is a Mahdi, traditions have been forged in his name, father's name, nickname, mother's name and physical characteristics. The traditions that consider the name of the promised Mahdi's father to be the same as that of the Prophet's father are completely rejected from the point of view of the evidence, and these traditions cannot be cited. And due to the existence of several evidences, these kinds of traditions are not unrelated to some political currents, including the Nafs Zakiya current. On the other hand, the hadiths that only emphasized the same name of the promised Mahdi with the Prophet have been considered authentic by many hadith scholars of the Fariqayn in many cases. In the traditions that some of the promised companions of the end of time know from Taleghan, as well as the traditions that talk about the treasures of Taleghan, traces of Muhammad Ibn Qasim can be observed. We witness the appeal to the signs of emergence and the claim that some of these signs happened in the course of Yahya ibn Omar. In my opinion, the reason for resorting to the signs of emergence during Yahya's time should be considered that he was not the same name as the Prophet, contrary to many Mahdavi mutawatar hadiths.Also, the falsification and distortion of traditions by "Ismuhu Ismu Nabi" cannot be unrelated to Yahya's movement; However, this claim needs to be studied and find more evidence.

The issue of Jesus Christ's following of Imam Mahdi has a specific position among Islamic traditions. The current research attempts to study this in a descriptive-analytical way and with a history approach. Moreover, it aims to restate this based on Hadith discussions and different approaches of Shia scholars of hadith. Results show that this issue hasn't been dealt with in a uniform way and there has been at least 4 discussion era for that. It is mentioned first in a book attributed to Salim under the discussion between a Christian monk and Imam Ali. It's also mentioned under a narrative-interpretative discussion in books attributed to Ali ibn Ibrahim Ghoomi and Forat Kufi. You can later see that but not very clearly mentioned by scholars like koleyni and Toosi. The issue finds its golden era with sheikh Saduq and it becomes confirmed. Later in next eras it also finds its importance with later scholars and one can see the issue in relation with some belief discussions. Although this issue doesn't have a correct evidence among Shia traditions based on principles that rule the science of rejal and derayah but its multitude quote among both Shia and sunni sources shows its value and importance.

The ingress of Israʼiliyyat to Islamic sources was an unpleasant phenomenon which involved most of the Islamic educations. The trust of Muslim narrators to Jewish sources and people was efficacious in the spread and ingress of Israʼiliyyat to Islamic sources. One of the Islamic educational contexts that Israʼiliyyat entered in and caused fabrication is Mahdism. This article uses Hadith and historical sources and analysis in order to proceed the two political aspects of these fabrications and Israeli sources. The first aspect is the connection between Israeli narrators or Muslim narrators who were influenced by Israʼiliyyat and their contemporaneous politicians, and their search for making apocalyptical narrated things that benefit those politicians. The second aspect is the struggle of Israeli narrators in ascending the Jewish and Christian politics by quoting apocalyptical things to present the crucial concepts, places and symbols of Israel. Different kinds of fabricated quotations and narrated things can be studied in the two aspects above.

Nowadays, the appropriate exercise pattern along with the consumption of medicinal plants plays an important role in regulating energy balance, reducing inflammatory indicators and increasing antioxidant defense in obese elderly people.Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of HIIT and consumption of green tea on serum levels of antioxidant enzymes, inflammatory markers and galanin in obese elderly untrained men.

Methods & Materials:

In this study, 48 obese elderly untrained men were randomly divided into four groups including: HIIT, HIIT with Green Tea, Green Tea and Control. HIIT were performed for 8 weeks (3 sessions per week) with 90% HRR. 450 mg of green tea was received daily (six capsules per day).Blood samples were taken before and 48 hours after the last training session. Statistical analysis was performed using Shapiro-Wilk test and two-way analysis of covariance.Data were analyzed using SPSS-26 software with a significance level of p<0.05.

The results showed that the combined effect of HIIT with green tea consumption and the main effect of HIIT alone caused a significant increase in the levels of thioredoxin reductase-1, paraoxonase-1 and a significant decrease in the levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and galanin(P<0.05).But consumption of green tea alone did not show significant changes(P>0.05). The highest percentage of changes (increase and decrease)created in biochemical variables was attributed to the HIIT with green tea group.

Performing HIIT with green tea consumption had the greatest effect on reducing inflammatory markers, increasing antioxidant enzymes and energy balance in obese elderly untrained men.

Sa'dī's words, such as the paper, have gone hand in hand with This earth globally, and have been spotted on the eyes of readers and enthusiasts of poetry, one of the items that the works of Sheikh Ajil are always enthusiastic about, the sub-continent of India, and from The sentence of this magnanimous Mirzahar Aghpopal is the throttling of Pikandarabadi (1214-1296), which follows Sa'di's works, and he has three works, called Four Barons, Svanbestan, in response to Sa'di Boulevard and Sa'di's Golestan Sa'di. In this paper, we compared the guarantees of Golestan Hafez and Sa'di's effect in expressing the structural property of the effect of speculation, and we examined and categorized the types of guarantees used in his work. Then, by comparing the guarantees provided by Golestan with the hypothesis of yusefy copies Khazaeli, the idolatry of Golestan Saadi, regarding the recording of a fragment of Golestan's words, the importance of looking at the manuscripts in the subcontinent in the correction of the works of Saadi was pointed out; therefore, the comparison of two books can be from the perspective of correcting Golestan and then Landsat Saadi.

Hadith, is the second base of Islamic knowledge, and has a reputation like the Qur'an. The details of these teachings, including the introduction of values and the value stream that followed the demise of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), have been prominent in leading news. About Imam Ali (AS) has enjoyed the highest personality and behavior, we have most news that has come. After the fall of the Prophet (PBUH), the opposing currents, especially the Umayyah, in various ways, used the news stream, especially the news, to their advantage, in order to destroy the image of the Imam (AS). Then, Muslim scholars then sought to identify the correct news from the incorrect and identified many of these stories. However, many inaccurate news remained unknown and provided a distraction for some traders.
Abu Bakr Abdullah bin Abi-Davood Sejestani is a prominent figure in the Quranic and Hadith sciences who, during his peak of his Ahl al-Sunnate activities with his father was in important centers of tradition such as Neyshabur and Baghdad, and because of his heterogeneous behavior was subject to conflicting judgments. (Dhahabi, 1382 AH, 2: 433 Ibid, 1413 AH, 13: 227) He has gained excellence because of his family fame, knowledge and exclusive writings on the Qur'an and hadith, sometimes Hafiz, jurisprudent, saqqa and the sayer of Imam Ali (AS) and sometimes ignorant, false and noble are called. This top scholar of Hadith is quoted in the traditions of Sheikh Saduq, Sheikh Mufid, Sayyid Murtada, Sheikh Tusi and some of the later Shiite communities. The present study seeks to answer the question of the status of Ibn Abi-Davood and the manner in which he behaved in relation to the position of Imam Ali (AS). Finding the answer to these questions will help him to better understand his personality and behavior, especially his attitude towards Imam Ali (AS) as a prophet of the Prophet (peace be upon him).

The research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting the contents of the library. Necessary information is extracted by referring to the Rigali, hadithy, and historical portraits of Farragin - books and paper or software versions. Ibn Abi Abi-Davood is first introduced and praised or blamed by Rejalian Farighine and then the most important allegations are analyzed and investigated. In the following we have the story of Sejestani's behavior in connection with the news of Imam Ali (AS) and that he has occasionally quoted Imam Ali (AS) with imperfections. In various parts, especially when examining his rationale, it is attempted to find out that he had thought and acted within the confines of the hadith, and was credited with it, When confronted with the heterogeneous Sunni hadith heritage and in the midst of the conflict of companions' news due to lack of belief, pride and inadequate skill sometimes include unnecessary news containing Imam Ali's (AS) speeches. And in order to dispel the perilous consequences it has had to infer and this has made him like the Prophet.

Ibn Abi-Davood was famously born in Sejestan in 230 AH and since his early childhood he has been on numerous scientific trips to various parts of the Islamic world, later, the residents of Baghdad and the Sheikhs of the hadiths settled there. Some scholars like Ibn Nadeem, Ibn Abi YAla and Khalili praised him. (Ibn Nadim, ND: 288, Dhahabi, 1413 AH, 14: 502 and Ibid, 2003 AH, 2: 433) And others, like his father, Ibrahim Esfahani, Ibn Sa'ed, and Baghavi. (Ibn Shahin, m, ND: 17, Dhahabi, 1413 AH, 13: 227 and 228, Ibid, 1407 AH, 23: 515, Ibid, 1382 AH, 2: 433 and 434 AH, or Yafi, 1417 AH, 2: 207). The most important crimes against him are falsehood, instincts, arrogance and self-loathing and association with the rulers. (Aboo Noaim 'al-Asbahani, 1934, 2: 211; Ibn Jawzi, 1412, 13: 275; Dhahabi, 1413, 13: 227-230, Ibid, 1382 AH, 2: 434 and Ibid, m, ND, 2: 769) Ibn Abi-Davood has mentioned a number of news on the occasion of Imam Ali (AS) (Ibn Mughazeli, 1426 Q: 214, Sadooq, 1404 Q, 1: 204, Tusi, 1414 Q: 604, Ibn Mughazeli, 1426: 109, 164, 180 and 214, West, m, ND, 2, 469 and Ansari, m, ND, 2: 121, 138 and 168). But on the contrary, he has questioned the validity of some of the news of his (AS) traditions, such as the hadiths of Tair and Ghadir. (Jorjani, 1409 Q, 4: 266, religious, 1413 Q, 13: 232 and Islamic, 1390 Q, 3: 294). He has distorted some news in favor of Mu'awiyah in his favor in addition to mentioning Imam's rivals. (Ibn Asaker, 1415 AH, 54: 282, Ibid, 59: 157, Ibn Jawzi, 1386 AH, 2:27, Dhahabi, m, ND, 2: 496 and Amini, 1397 AH, 10: 146) Rather, he has used humorous news about Imam Ali (AS) and has behaved in such a way that he is sometimes exiled and sometimes sentenced to death. (Abu-noaim, Isbahani, 1934, 2: 211, Ibn hebban Isbahani, 1412 q., 3: 303, Baghdadi, 1417 q: 115, jorjani, 1409 q., 4: 266 w. Religious, 1382 q., 2: 433 and 434).

Although there are different opinions about the personality of Ibn 'Abi-Davood, But his ratio of deviation from Imam Ali (AS) due to evidence such as inconsistency in narration, pride, having a close relationship with the ruling elites and the presidency makes it clearer and stronger; Therefore, his competence for reflection is contemplated.
The charges against him and the events that followed were due to his bold personality and social status.
The publication of some prominent parts of Imam Ali (AS), in spite of the prohibition of the rulers on the one hand and the concealment or eradication of it by the Prophet Mohammad, on the other hand, indicates the plurality of Imam Ali (AS).
The limited number of stories reported by Sejestani, at least partially exonerated from the charge, is evidence of his failure to perform a religious scientific duty and a reason for his deviation from Imam Ali (AS).

After the Holy Quran, the traditions of the Infallible Figures (A.S.) are the most important source in deriving jurisprudential rules. The contradiction between Hadiths is considered as one of the basic challenges facing Islamic scholars and Hadith experts. Some scholars and mujtahids tried to solve this dilemma and chose ways and methods to solve it. Sheikh Yusuf Bahrani is one of the Hadith experts who endeavored to revive the element of taqiyyah as the main factor in the contradiction of narrations and identifies the infallible Imams as the cause of discord among Shiites. Many Usuli experts such as Shahid Sadr disagree with this theory and consider other factors such as cancellation (naskh), loss of evidence, narrating by meaning, imitation, falsification, gradation, compliance with capacity and misunderstanding of the narrator to be effective in this regard. By examining the theory of Shahid Sadr, the present research reveals that what is proposed as the causes of narrations contradiction is due to the lack of full tracing the reasons for the narrations contradiction and is a kind of illusion of conflict. With a correct understanding of the reasons for the conflict in the narrations, the return of the difference in narrations is based on the same element of taqiyyah, and the contribution of other factors is considered insignificant.

In the field of Mahdism, there are a lot of narrations about praising and blaming some territories and their prominent role in the apocalypse. It seems that praising and blaming the territories has been one of the most important tools for the politicians to instill their superiority as well as their rival's contempt. Presenting an active apocalyptic role of the regions under one's control has psychological effects. Also, it causes a sense of pride and superiority over other territories, especially rival regions. Using a descriptive-analytical method as well as narrative and historical sources, this writing tries to find the origin of many narrations about praising and blaming some regions in the field of Mahdism. According to the results, in the collections of Mahdism hadiths, many narrations appeared which are about praising or blaming regions such as Shām, Jerusalem, Antioch, Sinai (Ṭūr), Ṭāliqān, the East, and the West. Political motives and goals play the most important role in the emergence of these hadiths. They not only are invalid in terms of their isnad and text, but also, have obvious signs of falsification and fabrication.

Many of the sayings of Imam Ali (as) in Nahj al-Balaghah have been expressed in the form of descriptions, such as the description of God, the prophets, and so on. Considering that the description in Arabic literature is mentioned as one of the important techniques of poetry along with praise, satire, and mourning, this article emphasizes the descriptions of Nahj al-Balaghah in addition to the philosophical, theological, and mystical dimensions from a literary point of view to clarify what fruit of hadith jurisprudence brings from this point of view. This article provides us with two ways to better understand the descriptions of Nahj al-Balaghah. Because the appearances of words have meanings that sometimes convey them clearly and sometimes in the form of accessories that come with them. Literary arrays also each have implications for conveying meaning, of course, the arrays that are spoken of in the science of expression, such as similes, metaphors, metaphors, and irony, are not arrays of novel science

The effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) along with curcumin consumption on inflammatory markers in people with metabolic syndrome still is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 12 weeks of HIIT along with curcumin consumption on plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in men with type II diabetes along with hyperlipidemia.

60 men with type II diabetes and hyperlipidemia (BMI: 31.09 ± 1.51 kg/m2) were randomly and equally divided into four groups (n=15) including HIIT, HIIT+curcumin consumption, curcumin consumption, and placebo-control. HIIT intervention and consumption of 2100 mg of curcumin were performed three times a day for 12 weeks. Sampling was performed 24 hours before the pre-test and 48 hours after the last session. Consequently, IL-6, TNF-alpha and CRP were assayed by ELISA method. Results were extracted using two-way analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test at the significance level of p<0.05.

The results showed that the most significant changes were observed in body mass index with 5.78% decrease (p=0.0001), body fat percentage with 20.62% decrease (p=0.002) and maximum oxygen consumption with 11.74% increase (p=0.04) in the HIIT+curcumin consumption group. Moreover, the interaction effect of HIIT and curcumin consumption significantly decreased TNF-alpha (p=0.01), IL-6 (p=0.01) and CRP (p=0.02). The main effect of HIIT significantly decreased TNF-alpha (p=0.01), IL-6 (p=0.02) and CRP (p=0.03). Also, the main effect of curcumin significantly decreased TNF-alpha (p=0.04), IL-6 (p=0.03) and CRP (p=0.03). The most significant decrease from pre-test to post-test in TNF-alpha (7.87%, p=0.0001), IL-6 (23.09%, p=0.0001) and CRP (53.75%, p=0.0001) was observed in the HIIT+curcumin consumption group.

It seems that the HIIT along with curcumin consumption further improves the inflammatory markers of men with type II diabetes along with hyperlipidemia status compared to the effect of each alone.

  Physical exercises and the consumption of medicinal plants with anti-inflammatory properties are one of the most widely used methods to reduce the complications of type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the interactive effect of 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training and curcumin consumption on glycemic index, adiponectin and lipid profile in obese men with type2 diabetes hyperlipidemia.

The current research was a double-blind semi-experimental type. The statistical population included men with type 2 diabetes (mean age 38.76±2.05 years and weight 89.00±2.96 kg), 60 people participated in this research. Subjects were randomly divided into four groups: high-intensity interval training, high-intensity interval training + curcumin, curcumin, and placebo-control. The training intervention was performed three times a week and the consumption daily of curcumin was 2100 mg in three servings of 700 mg, for 12 weeks. Body composition and biochemical indices were measured before and after exercise. One-way ANOVA, two-way factorial ANOVA for repeated measurements and paired samples t test were used to analyze the data.

Interactive effect of exercise and curcumin significantly increased adiponectin (p= 0.010), and significantly decreased glucose (p= 0.0001), insulin (p= 0.0001), HbA1c (p= 0.021), insulin resistance (p= 0.001), TC (p= 0.0001), TG (p= 0.001), LDL (p= 0.002) and HDL (p= 0.011). Exercise alone caused significant changes in all biochemical variables (p<0.05), but curcumin consumption alone did not cause significant changes (P>0.05).

Therefore, high-intensity interval training with curcumin consumption more improved glycemic status and lipid profiles in hyperlipidemia type 2 diabetes men more than the main effect of training and curcumin.

Some commentators and thinkers believe that in some Al-Ahzab verses, there are some characteristics for the Prophet that cannot be proven for anyone else.  Therefore, some have claimed that this view is incompatible with the Qur'an immortality. This article has investigated these verses using Prophet's characteristics typology and dividing them to natural and legal, with an analytical approach, and using the commentators and jurists' opinions. The conclusion shows that these verses are related to the Prophet's legal personality, beyond his natural personality and it has an eternal message and therefore, it does not conflict with the Qur'an immortality.

The claimants of following the Salaf have always emphasized their attribution to the Salaf; But in various matters, they have acted against the principles and approach of the Salaf; The issue of takfir (excommunicating - declaring that sb is infidel) is one of these issues that, in addition to opposing the Salaf, also differ with other theological schools. Theological schools took the side of caution in excommunicating the people of the Qibla and avoided hastening the excommunication;
However, based on factors such as confusing the literal and terminology meaning of "worship", the incorrect understanding of the issue of creational guardianship (Welāyate Takwini) and the expansion of the range of reversals of Islam (Nawāqeẕe Eslām), the Salafyyeh have widely excommunicated many Muslims. This research, according to the views and foundations of the Salaf and scholars of Islamic schools of thought on the issue of takfir of the people of the Qibla, has explained the opposition of takfir stream with other schools of thought, and has criticized the views of the takfiris.

Pragmatism is one of the major contemporary schools of thought that has both methodologically and philosophically influenced various fields of human thought, including the field of religious studies. This article, which is a qualitative study using descriptive-analytical method, tries to prove the impact of pragmatism on contemporary Quranic exegesis studies and explain its dimensions. The result is that in the contemporary era, the interpretive principles are influenced by pragmatism in the field of issuing principles and the interpretive approaches owe their two utilitarian and pragmatic approaches to pragmatism. also, the interpretive methods are, at least from three angles, influenced by Pierce’s pragmatic ideas. This necessitates a wise, fair and serious attention toward the positive and negative aspects of this school in the Islamic scientific circles.