فهرست مطالب حسین بازوبندی

This paper analyzes Surah al-Muzammil via Halliday’s Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL). The study mainly aims to investigate the mechanisms related to the representation of the modality, to specify the process types, and finally, to find the types of thematic structure. In terms of interpersonal metafunction, the theme is the dominant aspect in most of the clauses of Surah al-Muzammil; this result shows that most of the verses have a realistic aspect and description of facts, and also God wants to make his words firm by using more of this mood, delivering and creating a sense of confidence in the audience as well. Moreover, the present tense is the dominant tense in Surah al-Muzammil. Since the scope of the present tense is vast and can include all tenses, the speaker has used chiefly present tense verbs in the surah. Examining the polarity of clauses indicates a high percentage of positive polarity compared to negative polarity, and this predominance of positive polarity, along with the predominance of theme, increases the speaker’s confidence. In addition, based on the ideational metafunction, the material process has the highest frequency in the surah. The high frequency of the material process is due to the objectiveness of the word in the text of the surah- the more objective the speech, the more influential the text. As to the textual metafunction, most of the clauses’ thematic structure is unmarked, indicating that the speaker tries to use the same typical mechanism in everyday language to construct information structure.

In discourse analysis discipline, the analysis of research articles genre in recent decades has attracted special attention. In the meantime, studying the introduction of a research article, which serves as a roadmap and preview for understanding the next sections of the article, as well as a very important criterion for evaluating the whole article, has enjoyed the most genre-based analysis in most academic and specialized disciplines. However, the field of Quran and Hadith sciences is one of the genres that there is no study upon the introduction of its research articles within the genre-based discourse analysis. Therefore, the present article, using a descriptive-analytical method based on the Swales' model (2004) deals with the rhetorical structured and communicative moves in the introduction of 80 research articles published during the year from 1395 to 1399 in prestigious research journals in the field of Quran and Hadith sciences. In fact, this study, within genre analysis focusing on the genre moves of the article introductions has got two main functions: first, how the authors of research articles in the field of the Quran and Hadith sciences introduce their work in the introduction and to what extent do they follow the criteria for writing a good introduction based on a theoretical research model? And the second goal is to what extent in this particular genre, we will see variation in journals of a single field. The results of the present study, which can be both useful for improving the quality of the authors' research article introductions and for evaluating this particular genre by research journals reviewers, indicate that some authors of this genre are not sufficiently aware of the genre structure and rhetorical communicative moves is the article introductions, which has led to a complete lack of compliance with the theoretical model of the research.

Undoubtedly, the use of modern linguistic theories for the analysis of religious texts can pave the way for a better understanding of such texts. Among the new theories, which today have a special place and wide application in text analysis and other linguistic areas, is Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) of Halliday and Matthiessen (2014). According to this theory, the structure of language is influenced by the functions that language plays in the communication context and in the outside world, and this effect is manifested in the form of three broad metafunctions: ideational, interpersonal and textual. Since the emphasis of interpersonal metafunction is on the way of exchanging meaning between the speaker and the audience, its application in the analysis of religious texts, while making a better understanding of such texts, can be an appropriate benchmark for assessing the ability to generalize this theory. Therefore, using a descriptive-analytical method in terms of the Systematic Functional approach of Halliday and Matthiessen (2014), the present study aims to analyze one of the most famous sermons of Nahj al-Balagha, i.e. Shaqshaqiya Sermon. The main results of the research show that, despite the dominant frequency of indicative mood, Imam Ali (AS) throughout this sermon has somehow acted in the exchange and transfer of meaning as if both sides of the interaction engage in the construction of the text, thus avoiding any kind of one-sidedness and unilateral. Moreover, since the sermon has been delivered by the motive and the purpose of establishing the right of the caliphate by Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali, while at the same time, Imam does not use the Inshai terms for persuasion of the audience in addressing the audience in the sermon, the reason for this can be that Imam was so certain of his rightfulness and position as to the caliphate that he merely has used the indicative mood and he did not even need to use such terms to prove such a right.

Anaphora entities, particularly pronouns, in the Holy Quran are organized in a very subtle and unique manner. Hence anaphora resolution i.e. the identifying of an anaphora in the Quran's text requires particular principals and rules. Undoubtedly, failing in identifying the correct antecedent of these entities leads to certain ambiguities and vagueness which can distort the addressee’s understanding and interpretation. This issue will be even more important while facing a certain structural distance between anaphora and its antecedent and when the relationship between definiteness and anaphoricity is not totally clear-cut. To our knowledge, unfortunately there is no consistent linguistic approach in the Quranic studies regarding explaining the relationship between definiteness and anaphoricity, and this issue has been overlooked regardless of its great importance. Hence, the present thesis using a descriptive-analytic method and specific linguistic constraints, on the basis of the application of an integrative approach of Centering (Grosz et.al, 1983/1995) and Optimality Theory (Beaver, 2004; Mineur, 2006), is aimed to deal with the effect of structural distance between anaphora and its antecedent on anaphora resolution, and to present an explanation regarding the relationship between definiteness and anaphoricity in the Quran's text.

Present research, through the application of the seven strategies of André Lefevere (1975), tries to evaluate the success rate of Egyptian Mohammed Noor al-Din Abdul Mon'im and Syrian Nada Hassoun in translation of the poem “Have as Safe Journey” by Mohammad Reza Shafi'i Kadkani into Arabic. The results show that the poem “Have as Safe Journey”, although is not a classical poem and like traditional poetry does not consider itself bound to observe metre and rhyme at all sections, but in some cases, it is rhythmic; therefore, it is required to use strategies of metrical and rhymed translation in translating some sections. However, Abdul Mon'im and Hassoun have merely used the literal translation strategy in translating this poem. This issue, given that the poet himself is one of the leaders in the field of Arabic-Persian comparative literature, makes the process of migrating ideas through translation difficult

Undoubtedly, the use of modern linguistic theories for the analysis of religious texts can pave the way for a better understanding of such texts. Among the new theories which today have a special place and wide application in text analysis and other linguistic areas, is Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) of Halliday and Matthiessen (2014). According to this theory, the structure of language is influenced by the functions that language plays in the communication context and in the outside world, and this effect is manifested in the form of three broad metafunctions: ideational, interpersonal and textual. Since the emphasis of interpersonal metafunction is on the way of exchanging meaning between the speaker and the audience, its application in the analysis of religious texts, while making a better understanding of such texts, can be an appropriate benchmark for assessing the ability to generalize this theory. Therefore, using a descriptive-analytical method in terms of the Systematic Functional approach of Halliday and Matthiessen (2014), the present study aims to analyze one of the most famous sermons of Nahj al-Balagha, i.e. Shaqshaqiya Sermon. The main results of the research show that, despite the dominant frequency of indicative mood, Imam Ali (AS) throughout this sermon has somehow acted in the exchange and transfer of meaning as if both sides of the interaction engage in the construction of the text, thus avoiding any kind of one-sidedness and unilateral. Moreover, since the sermon has been delivered by the motive and the purpose of establishing the right of the caliphate by Commander of the Faithfu

One of the major and long-running discussions in the field of Quranic sciences refers to the question of the language of Qur'an. So far, numerous studies have been done on the features of the language of Qur'an in various aspects. However, the results of these studies are not based on detailed analyses of modern linguistic theories. Therefore, the present study with a dual function, using a descriptive-analytic method within the Systemic Functional Linguistics of Halliday and Matthiesson (2014), aims to investigate first the modal structure of the dialogues between God Almighty and Devil in four Suras of Araf, Hijr, Isra and Sad examining certain aspects of the Quranic language and then, according to the results of this study, using the cognitive concept of prototype of Rosch (1978), Greenberg’s markedness hierarchy (1966) and Croft’s frequency criterion (2003) point to a cognitive and typological explanation of these results in order to better understand the structural features of the Quranic language. The main results of the research show that the language of the Qur'an uses the same mechanisms and rules governing the interactions of human language, thus linguistically being a simple, not literary and specific language.

It is quite evident that children are capable to understand meanings which they are unable to produce correctly. Recent studies have also provided evidence that children occasionally produce correct forms that they do not understand yet. The present study seeks to focus on the question of “how is it possible for children to produce correct forms that are not yet understood by them?” This question has recently came into the sharp focus of linguistics and psycholinguistics studies, and various explanations have been proposed thereof. Using a descriptive-analytic method, this paper aims to identify these studies and the explanations in which the asymmetry between linguistic production and linguistic comprehension have been dealt with. Among later explanations, the Bidirectional Optimality Theory (BOT) shows some potentiality in dealing with the asymmetry between these two dimensions and it seems more valid than other explanations accordingly. Nevertheless, the main hypothesis of the present research states that this almost strong theory also faces major challenges which question its validity. To support the claim, the paper indicates the following challenges: a) absence of a single concept about bidirectional optimality; b) confusion as to blocking process; c) disagreement over the way of ranking, type and number of constraints on a specific subject; and d) lack of transparency in adopting an appropriate comprehension model (e.g., top-down or bottom-up). As a result, BOT, like other approaches in the field, is not able to explain this asymmetry adequately in terms of theory and methodology.

In translation studies، meaning is at the center of translation practice. Since Systemic Functional Linguistics considers language as a meaning making resource، it is arguedthat such an approach could serve as a helpful tool for translator. In Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL)، any text encodes three kinds of meanings or meta-functions. Traditionally، translators and evaluators of translations have mostly focused on one aspect of meaning، i. e.، the ideational، in particular experiential. Using a descriptive-analytic method within the SFL، this study is aimed to investigate the way in which the interpersonal meaning of the dialogues between God and the Devil is exchanged in four Suras of Araf، Hijr، Isra and Saad and its role in Quran’s translation. The results show that، taking into consideration the constitutive components of clause as exchange and awareness of interpersonal meta-functional analysis، the translator of Quran will have an appropriate and concrete model in hand for investigating the way of exchanging meaning and will be able to evaluate the quality of his translation. However، regarding the specific characteristics of Quran language، the network unity of verses، the existence of Wujuh and multiple semantic layers of Qur''an and hence the infinitude of Quran، generally this approach would not be adequately helpful in the field of commentary of Quran.