حسین حسنی

The main goal of the current research was to analyze the problem of private tutoring and the associated challenges in Yazd. The research also expands the theoretical perspectives on private tutoring. The findings of this research can be beneficial for teachers, educational institution planners, parents, and students in practical applications.

The research methodology employed in this study was qualitative and based on Grounded Theory principles. The target group was the parents of students who applied for private tutoring in the academic year of 2001-2001 in Yazd. Using the purposeful sampling method, 12 parents participated in the research. Sampling continued until the theoretical data saturation stage. The research tool was semi-structured in-depth interview. The data was analyzed by Strauss and Corbin (1998) open, axial and selective coding method. In order to ensure the accuracy of the findings, based on "Triangulation" techniques, matching by members, peer review, collaborative research, and researcher rethinking were used.

Finally, 29 sub-categories were classified in the form of 6 components of the systematic grounded theory. Causal factors with 5 subcategories, background factors with 5 subcategories, intervening factors with 5 subcategories, positive consequences with (5) subcategories and negative consequences with (9) subcategories and (1) central phenomenon were identified. The results indicated various favorable outcomes, including enhanced student performance in examinations, improved results in entrance assessments, better overall test performance, job opportunities for special educators leading to increased income, and the alleviation of educational deficiencies through compensatory actions. Various strategies have been proposed to address the challenges and negative impacts associated with the prevalent practice of private tutoring among families and students. These strategies encompass a range of approaches, including conducting private tutoring sessions at home or within school premises, offering private counseling services, integrating private tutoring with formal educational programs, addressing issues and assessments within educational institutions, improving the quality of education in mainstream schools to tackle deficiencies, reducing the societal emphasis on entrance examinations, guiding students towards technical fields, and increasing oversight of educational activities in such contexts. The adverse effects of private tutoring include limitations on creativity and critical thinking, neglect of skill development and vocational training, commercialization and elitism in education (in conflict with the principles of inclusive education), psychological and physical harm to students leading to anxiety, stress, and depression, perpetuation of social stratification, and maintenance of educational inequalities.

Research findings indicate that various internal and external factors contribute to the development of private tutoring, influencing both its supply and demand. It is recommended to study this phenomenon from diverse viewpoints to guide micro and macro-level decision-making and policy formulation for efficient administration.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss discusses the legal and technological challenges and disputes about the governance and regulation of user-generated video platforms. In this paper, by focusingon the Aparat video service, we will show how the issue of Content management has become a legal challenge. The regulation of video platforms in Iran, whether platforms that provide subscription video-on-demand services or platforms that mediate user-generated content sharing, has created some legal disputes. This conflict has different levels Its first level is related to the definition of video content. Its primary manifestation is the continuation of the conflicts on the definition of "expanded audio and video." The second level is the determination of the regulatory authority. The establishment of Satra and the difference between the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance and the IRIB regarding the institution in charge of this area is remarkable from this point of view. The third level of this controversy is about the mode of content moderation. Considering these different levels, this article shows how these disputes have emerged at the level of content moderation. Presenting a comprehensive communication law in Iran by determining a macro-regulatory body that considers the technological developments of the media, deciding on the limits and responsibilities of users or platforms, and developing a content moderation mechanism are the main suggestions of this article.

The purpose of the paper is to systematically review the studies on the role of emojis in instant messaging apps. The most critical weakness of CMCs is the impossibility of exchanging non-verbal cues, which can prevent the transmission of emotions. One of the functions of graphicons is to act as a substitute for some nonverbal cues, such as facial expressions and emotions. In the article, the use, functions, effects, and factors affecting the application of these communication elements in mobile textual communication from 2010 to 2023 are studied using the meta-synthesis method. After the initial search, 152 articles were collected from valid databases, and finally, after the screening, 51 articles were analyzed based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria defined in the research goal. This study showed that emojis are currently the main element of non-verbal communication in mobile messaging apps. Age, gender, and cultural and technological context also play an essential role in the use and interpretation of the meaning of emojis. Overall, this study showed that emojis have found new and distinct functions in interpersonal communication that go beyond compensating for the lack of nonverbal communication cues.

The paper aimed at studying and analyzing legislation and regulation of net neutrality in the US context. To put it simply, the principle assures free and equal access to content, application, and service providers and also internet consumers; in other words, one can define net neutrality as the treatment of customers by internet providers alike, in terms of content that they convey. On the one hand, proponents of the principle insist on its prominence to provide indiscriminate access, guarantee competition possible for newcomers, and protection of free speech, but on the other hand, opponents appeal to arguments like innovation and investment in the technical infrastructures. The results of the paper showed that despite the claim of free and open internet access in America, party tendencies and interests of politicians in this country play a significant role in the principle of net neutrality. As a result, tech companies spend a lot of money lobbying lawmakers. On the other hand, due to the global influence of telecommunications and Internet policy in the United States, net neutrality can also have implications for global citizens and users.

This article's primary focus is AI policymaking in the European Union. For this purpose, one examined the foundations, approach, and mode of governance and emphasized ethical principles. Focusing on the EU can be vital as this region is a pioneer in regulating emerging digital technologies and platforms. The European Union is trying to regulate artificial intelligence technologies and companies providing artificial intelligence services through its legislation and policies. The article analyzed the content of documents related to artificial intelligence in Europe using the document analysis approach and qualitative content analysis. This article showed that considering the fundamental principles, formulating a general approach, considering ethical principles, and devising a governance system appropriate to each society's background conditions is necessary for applying artificial intelligence for national interests and reducing its potential risks.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between Employment hope and academic buoyancy with the mediation of academic engagement.

The descriptive research method was of the correlation type based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of all students of Yazd University in the academic year 2021-2022 was equal to 14470 people, of which 216 people were considered as a statistical sample. The non-random sampling method was available. Research tools include: Qureshirad's Employment hope Questionnaire (2007); Fredricks, Blumenfeld, Paris Academic engagement questionnaire (2004); and Academic Buoyancy questionnaire of Dehghanizadeh and Hossein Chari (2012) were obtained, and the reliability of each of the questionnaires was obtained through Cronbach's alpha coefficient, 0.94, 0.87 and 0.89, respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS23 and AMOS24 software.

The results showed that hope for employment has a direct and significant effect on academic engagement (β=0.42; P<0.01) and an indirect and significant effect on behavioral engagement (β=0.39; P<0.01), cognitive (β=0.35; P>0.01) and emotional (β=0.32; P>0.01). Employment hope has a direct and significant effect on academic vitality (β=0.29; P<0.01). However, there is no significant relationship between academic conflict and academic vitality, and academic conflict cannot mediate between hope for employment and academic vitality.

Therefore, the hope of getting a job related to the field of study and students' interest is important in their efforts to increase their engagement and academic Buoyancy. It is possible to provide consulting services, hold educational workshops related to the field of study, psychological capital training, introduce successful educated people who are prominent in the field of entrepreneurship and employment, create a safe environment, combined with a sense of hope, trust and confidence, the platforms for increasing engagement and buoyancy. provided students with education.

Data on foreign investment in China over the past three decades show that the amount of foreign direct investment in this country has increased from 3.5 billion dollars to 38 billion dollars in a decade, from 1990 to 2000. And this increasing trend has continued from 2000 to 2022 AD. Now this question can be raised, what is the reason for the increase in foreign direct investment and the reasons for China's success during the last three decades? In response to this question, the current research, regardless of the research done, does not consider the cause of this increase in economic, political, geographical, encouraging, supportive, etc. factors, but looks beyond these factors in the type of this The country knows the issue of public policy. This means that it can be claimed that China's success in attracting foreign direct investment in the last three decades is due to the country's special process policy model and the frequent reform of policy processes related to this field. Therefore, the method of conducting this research is analytical and inferential according to the analytical nature of the article.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of time perspective and self-compassion in the happiness of exceptional teachers.

This research is a descriptive-correlation type. The statistical population of the research is made up of all the teachers of the exceptional schools of Mashhad in the academic year of 2020-2021, numbering 240 people. The statistical sample of this research included 240 exceptional teachers of Mashhad city using the full number sampling method. To collect information, the Oxford happiness questionnaires of Michael Argyle (1989), self-compassion - long form of Neff et al. (2003) and Zimbardo and Boyd's time perspective inventory (1999) were used. Research data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, regression, independent t-test and analysis of variance in SPSS 26 software.

The findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between all dimensions of self-compassion and happiness (r=0.47 and P<0.01). Also, between happiness and positive past time perspective (r=0.23 and P<0.01), hedonistic present (r=0.35 and P<0.01) and future (r=0.42 and P<0.01) There is a positive and significant relationship between happiness and negative past perspective (r=-0.16 and P<0.05) and the present destiny (r=-0.22 and P<0.01). And there is meaningful. The dimension of self-kindness against self-judgment (ꞵ=0.001, p≤3.65, t=0.28) and the dimension of compassion against extreme assimilation (p≤2.83, t=21/0.01) ꞵ=0) significantly predict happiness in exceptional school teachers.

The perspective of time and self-compassion is effective in the happiness of exceptional teachers, and the authorities of exceptional education can increase the happiness of teachers by holding self-compassion training courses.

This qualitative study investigates the mechanisms employed by YouTube for content moderation of video content, focusing on the combination of human and automated approaches. By employing a case study methodology and qualitative content analysis, the research examines YouTube's policies, community guidelines, and technological features to understand how the platform manages user-generated content. The study emphasizes the importance of integrating human and automated content moderation practices to address the challenges and complexities of monitoring a vast amount of global content. Findings underscore the need for transparent, consistent, and adaptable content moderation strategies, while also highlighting the potential implications for user behavior and algorithmic bias in automated systems. Recommendations for future research and platform governance are discussed, accentuating the significance of further exploration into the impact and effectiveness of content moderation on YouTube and other online platforms. Overall, the results of this article indicate the complexity of monitoring video content, the increasing use of artificial intelligence to moderate video content, and the risks arising from it. Considering that native platforms are developing in Iran, it is important to pay attention to their governance mechanisms. In this regard, the governance mechanism of a global platform like YouTube, as a video-sharing platform, can serve as a potential model for Iranian platforms.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the governance practices and challenges of governing online platforms specifically Facebook and its consequences and implications for the platform ecosystem in Iran. What is known as content moderation involves analyzing the mechanisms for monitoring user-generated content by Facebook's social media platform. Another issue is the analysis of Facebook's governance in the US socio-political context and the challenges of governing online platforms. The results of this study showed that some laws such as platform irresponsibility to user content under US law, disclosure of user information and revenue from user data and the monopoly of this corporate platform are the most important challenges to governing platforms in the US ecosystem. Platforms have already implemented various mechanisms for content monitoring, the most well-known of which is the terms of service. The self-governance measures of the platforms have always been evolving and improving. Proof of that is Facebook's Community Standards document. According to the activity model of large global platforms, it is necessary for Iranian platforms to take measures to moderate the content of user-generated content at the same time, taking into account local values. A range of measures such as the development of native platforms, negotiations for the legitimate operation of global platforms in Iran, and the development of data governance and digital governance can be suggested to deal with platforms such as Facebook.

The purpose of this article is to examine the topics used by “Iran International TV Network on Instagram to disappoint its users. Demoralization is a key method in psychological operations, and the media opposing the Iranian political system use it to discourage citizens from hoping for progress. Essentially, their goal is to create doubt about the efficiency of Iran's current political system. The study focuses on “Iran International TV” suggesting that one reason for its establishment was to serve as a channel for psychological operations. To analyze the contents published on the “TV network” page between April 9 and 30, 2023, the thematic analysis method introduced by Brown and Clark (2006) was used. The results showed that the TV emphasized economic conditions (inflation and production), migration, environmental issues, inefficiency of some managers, and economic corruption to discourage its audience. To counter this approach, the article proposes an explanatory approach, tailored to the characteristics of the target audience of IRIB World media.

Schemas arise due to the failure to fulfill the primary emotional needs of childhood. A person who has mental health can adaptively satisfy these basic emotional needs. The present study was conducted to test the modeling of primary maladaptive schemas in the positive thinking of Yazd nursing students with the mediation of cognitive emotion regulation.

This was a descriptive and correlational study. The statistical population included all Yazd Paramedical University nursing students in 2021-2022. Among the 800 students, 183 females and 77 males were selected using the Random sampling. The research tools included Garnevsky's Emotional Cognitive Questionnaire (2001), SF-SQ Early Inconsistent Schemas Questionnaire, Yang and Braun (2005), and Ingram and Wysinski's Positive Thinking Questionnaire (1998). Descriptive and inferential statistics methods (Pearson correlation, Path analysis, and Structural Equation Model) were used to analyze the data using SPSS ver. 25.0 and AMOS 24 software. P = 0.01 was considered significant.

The findings showed that cognitive emotion regulation can significantly mediate between the primary maladaptive schemas and students' positive thinking. The results of structural equation modeling showed that none of the primary maladaptive schemas could directly and significantly predict positive thinking. Positive cognitive discipline directly, positively, and significantly (0.69) predicts positive thinking in nursing students. Negative cognitive discipline directly, negatively, and significantly (-0.17) predicts positive thinking in nursing students.

The results showed that it is possible to increase positive thinking in nursing students by using schema therapy techniques and modifying maladaptive schemas. Considering the mediating role of cognitive emotions, it is suggested that universities of medical sciences help students increase their positive thinking by holding educational workshops on cognitive regulation of emotions.

An animation with content and positive and pleasant themes can create a good future for generations or, with inappropriate content, raise a bad generation. The aim of the current research is to identify the appropriate and contradictory themes of Iranian-Islamic culture in the dialogues, characters and scenes of the most popular animations from the point of view of the "C" age group. The research was conducted with a qualitative and descriptive approach of a survey type and conventional and summary content analysis. The statistical population of this research included all primary female students of the 4th, 5th and 6th grades (age group C) in the academic year of 2021-2022 in public schools of district 2 of Yazd city. Based on the table of Morgan and Karjesi, 502 students were selected as the sample group using available sampling method. The research tool was researcher-made questionnaire and watching animations. The unit of analysis of animations, "Scene" was selected. Among the 15 famous domestic and foreign animations selected by these students, 4 animations were analyzed. The data were analyzed using Excel 2019 software and observation coding based on conventional content analysis and summarization. The findings showed that among the 15 most popular animations, 12 are foreign animations and only 3 domestic animations. Despite this, the animation of life skills (internal) with 180 frequency has attracted the most audience. Positive dialogues, characters and scenes outweigh negative ones and themes. Themes such as: the importance of family status, effort and continuity in acquiring skills, the importance of books and reading books, truth and honesty, peace of mind, sacrifice and sacrifice, cooperation and cooperation, etc. are seen to be positive and appropriate to Iranian Islamic culture, and themes such as : Disrespect, arrogance, non-observance of laws and regulations, recourse to magic, etc. are seen as negative and contrary to Islamic Iranian culture.

The aim of the current research is to analyze and study the experiences and perceptions, needs and how to spend free time of female students in Yazd University dormitory. The approach of the current research is qualitative and targeted sampling is used. The participants in this research were 12 undergraduate female students of Yazd University, whose information was collected through semi-structured interviews and the data was analyzed using thematic analysis method. Based on the results, 17 main themes and 112 secondary themes were identified. Students' positive experiences and perceptions of spending free time included 4 main themes: increasing social capital, improving psychological characteristics and practicing ethics, self-confidence and individual flourishing, acquiring skills and recognizing capabilities. In analyzing the negative experiences and perceptions of students' free time, 4 main themes have been identified including: cultural differences and stressful relationships, lack of communication skills, difficult and unstable environmental and psychological conditions of the dormitory, moral abnormalities. In the study of leisure time needs, 4 main themes including: social-cultural reforms, lack of services and equipment, interactive and intelligent planning, education and job creation have been obtained. In the study of the way of spending free time, 5 main themes including: education and learning, fun and entertainment, art-skill activities, intellectual-sports activities, cultural-social activities were obtained.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of self-compassion training on academic emotions in sixth grade male elementary school students of Zarch City.

The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design and a control group. The study population consisted of all the male students of the sixth grade of elementary school in Zarch city during the academic year 2021-2022. The sample was 30 people according to the experimental research, who were selected randomly and 15 of them were randomly assigned to the experimental group and 15 of them to the control group. Pekrun et al.'s (2002) academic emotions questionnaire was used to measure the research variables. The experimental group received self-compassion training in eight 60-minute sessions, but the control group did not receive any intervention. The data were analyzed with SPSS 22.

The results of multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA) showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in positive and negative academic emotions of post-test.

Self-compassion training is effective in improving academic emotions of elementary school students, and school counselors, psychologists, and other professionals in the field of working with students and education can use self-compassion training as a useful intervention to help students.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of positive adolescent development and self-compassion in the aggression tendency of female students of high schools in Yazd City.

The research design in this study was descriptive and correlational. The participants in this research were 362 female students in the second grade of high school in Yazd City in the academic year of 2020-2021, who were selected based on random cluster sampling In order to collect data, Goldhoff et al.'s Positive Development Questionnaire (2014), Self-Compassion Questionnaire (2003) and Bass and Perry's Aggression Questionnaire (1992) were used. Data analysis and correlation method based on the approach Structural equation modeling was done using AMOS software, version 21.

The results showed that the positive transformation of adolescence has a direct, positive and significant effect on self-compassion (β = 0.66 and P < 0.01) and a direct, negative and significant effect on aggression (β = -0.33 and P < 0.01) and self-compassion have a direct, negative and significant effect on aggression (β = -0.29 and P < 0.01) in the female students of the second grade of high school in Yazd City.

self-compassion plays a mediating role in the relationship between the positive development of adolescence and aggression of female students in the second grade of high school in Yazd City and by increasing the positive development of adolescence and self-compassion in adolescents, their tendency to aggression can be reduced.

This study aimed to analyze the textbooks of Heavenly Messages and Religion and Life in the secondary high school based on the components the Michel Burba’s theory of moral intelligence.

The study was descriptive and content analysis type using ‘Shannon’s entropy’ method. The statistical population included 9 textbooks of heavenly messages and religion and life of secondary high school, published in 2023, which were analyzed using the census sampling method. In addition, the text of the lessons, pictures, sentences, poems, stories and verses were analyzed. The unit of analysis of written texts was sentences, and thematic analysis was used to examine the images. The tool of study was the verification form of the seven components of Burba’s theory of moral intelligence. The validity of the study was obtained based on the university professors’ and experts’ views, and its reliability was obtained through the Scott’s reliability coefficient, pi, equaled with 0.73. Data analysis was carried out using Excel software, and frequency distribution table, percentage, and importance coefficient were utilized.

In the reviewed textbooks, the component of self-discipline (WJ=0.216) had the highest importance coefficient, and followed by the components: fairness (WJ=0.188), patience (WJ=0.176), and empathy (WJ=0.164), respect (WJ=0.122), conscience (WJ=0.106), and Kindness (WJ=025), respectively. The highest importance coefficient for the components was (WJ=0.170) in the textbooks the Heavenly Messages of grade 7 and Religion and Life in grade 10, and followed by, the Religion and Life in grade 12, (WJ=167), the Heavenly Messages in grade 9, (WJ=0.165), the Religion and Life in grade 11, (WJ=0.164), had importance coefficient, and the lowest importance coefficient, (WJ=0.162), was the in the textbook the Heavenly Messages in grade 8.

In general, the components of moral intelligence do not have a balanced distribution when they are compared to each other, and the textbooks reviewed in different grades in secondary high school have also addressed these components in an imbalanced way.

The present research investigates the role of negative perfectionism and experiential avoidance in academic stress with the mediating role of fear of negative evaluation in Yazd University students. The type of research is descriptive correlation. The statistical population of research are all 14470 students of Yazd University who were studying in the academic year 2021-2022, of which 384 were selected by the available method and using Morgan table. Theresearch instruments included the standard questionnaires of perfectionism of Hill (2004), the acceptance and practice questionnaire of Bond et al. (2011), Fear of Negative Assessment of Watson & Friend (1969), and Godzella SLSI Student Stress Scale (1991). The validity of the questionnaire is confirmed by using the divergent validity method with PLS software and the reliability of the questionnaire is confirmed by using Cronbach's alpha test. Data analysis is performed using SPSS26 and SmartPLS2 software’s. The results showed that the two variables of negative perfectionism and experiential avoidance have significant effect on predicting academic stress. The two variables of negative perfectionism and empirical avoidance have significant effect on predicting academic stress with the mediating role of fear of negative evaluation.

The Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) method is a powerful non-parametric method in the field of time series analysis and has been considered due to its features such as no need to stationarity assumptions or a limit on the number of collected observations. The main purpose of the SSA method is to decompose time series into interpretable components such as trend, oscillating component, and unstructured noise. In recent years, continuous efforts have been made by researchers in various fields of research to improve this method, especially in the field of time series prediction. In this paper, a new method for improving the prediction of singular spectrum analysis using Kalman filter algorithm in structural models is introduced. Then, the performance of this method and some generalized methods of SSA are compared with the basic SSA   using the root mean square error criterion. For this comparison, simulated data from structural models and real data of gas consumption in the UK have been used. The results of this study show that the newly introduced method is more accurate than other methods.

Currently, utilizing different nutritional indicators to investigate the association between diet and various diseases is considered in previous studies, which is related with some chronic diseases. However, no studies have studied the connection between the indicators with the rate of metabolism at rest (RMR). Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the relationship between dietary index and insulin load with resting metabolic rate (RMR) in overweight and obese women

A total of 280 healthy overweight and obese women (aged 18-50 years) who were referred to community health centers of Tehran University of medical sciences were included. In this study anthropometrics measurements such as weight, height, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, body mass index, fat percentage, and fat-free mass were evaluated for every participant. Data on dietary intakes were collected using 147 semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). DII and DIL were calculated using food insulin index values published earlier. To assess the RMR, indirect calorimetry was used. 

Mean age of study participants was 36.4±8.38 years. Although a significant association was seen between DII and RMR in a crude model (P=0.04); adjusting for different confounders made this significant relationship between DII and RMR insignificant. In addition, the dietary insulin index had no significant relationship with the amount of RMR/kg (p=0.63) and RMR/FFM (p=0.73).

Based on the results of this cross-sectional study, it seems that the insulin index and insulin load of the diet are not associated to the rate of resting metabolism. However, due to the limitations of this study, findings can only confirm or reject the hypothesis under further studies. It is also necessary to determine the role of dietary insulin indicators on human health, especially with a Study Prospective Design

The present research aims to provide a critical analysis of the developments of the world wide web and cyberspace on the principle of territorial sovereignty. In this line, I study internet-based technological developments in changing the role, place, and authorities of governments to exercise laws in their territorial domains. The main question is: How do platformization and metaverse could increasingly challenge the rights of governments for sovereignty, and what are the main areas of their impact? The results show that the threats of the domination of big Western platforms can be reduced by developing a high-quality indigenous platform ecosystem, leading Iranian users to messengers administered by governments that are in good terms with Iran, diversifying foreign platforms, and supporting the production and sharing of indigenous contents based on the Iranian-Islamic culture, and localizing the data

This article aims to analyze the policy and mechanisms of global social media platforms to deal with fake news and disinformation. This process is complex and challenging and is done with the help of human and machine agents. In this article, the steps and methods of content moderation on Facebook and Twitter platforms have been analyzed in a documentary way to identify their mechanisms to deal with fake news content. The findings show that these two platforms, although they operate in the same political and economic context and under the same media policy, have different mechanisms to deal with false information, which originates from their general approach. Facebook’s general approach is to defend transparency and give voice to people. Therefore, instead of deleting it, it has taken the reduction of the visibility of this type of content. Still, Twitter, to ensure the health of the conversation, removes fake content more easily. Finally, it must be said that the corporatization of dealing with false information and fake news makes it more difficult for citizens to receive real news, and the public sphere and democracy face increasingly complex risks. On the other hand, the dominance of companies over monitoring news content makes governments like the Iranian government face new challenges from the point of view of internet governance.