حسین مختاریان دلویی

diseases and emphasis on using nondrug treatments, this study was performed to assess the effect of wheat germ on lipid profile reduction among hyperlipidemia and normolipidomia students. 108 volunteer students in the age range of 21.33±2.15 years old (74 normolipidemics, 34 hyperlipidemics) were entered to the study. In addition to their typical diet, these students were asked to take a 30- gram wheat germ in their daily diet for 4 weeks. Hyperlipidemia and normolipidomia participants were determined based on National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel 3 (NCEPATP3) guidelines. Anthropometric and metabolic measurements, calorie and mineral intakes, before and after the intervention were taken and analyzed using paired t-test (SPSS version 19). In the wheat germ group, total cholesterol, triglycerides and VLDL (p=0.001) significantly reduced to 10.5, 19 and 20%, respectively. Also parameters of HDL-C/TC (p=0.004) and systolic blood pressure (p=0.046) significantly increased (in both groups) and decreased (in hyper lipidemic group), respectively. In addition, total cholesterol level decreased significantly (p=0.003) in normolipidemic students. There was no statistically significant change in other parameters. Due to significant decrease in triglycerides in hyperlipidemic group and total cholesterol levels in both groups, consumption of wheat germ, as a nondrug treatment, for prevention of cardiovascular diseases and dyslipidemia is suggested.

Urinary tract infection is one of the most common bacterial infections and coagulase negative staphylococci are a common cause of this disease based on some reports. Due to increasing the resistance resulting from antibiotics consumption, this study was performed to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of the coagulase negative staphylococci isolated from urinary tract infections in Gonabad, Iran.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 264 coagulase negative staphylococci isolated from patients who were referred to Jahad Daneshgahi Laboratory due to urinary tract infection in Gonabad city. Identification of bacterial strain was performed by classical identification methods and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out on Mueller-Hinton agar (merck-Germany) using disk diffusion (Kirby Bauer›s) technique.

Out of 264 isolates, the most frequent species of coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) isolates were Staphylococci epidermidis (84%) followed by Staphylococcus saprophyticus (14%). Based on antibiotic resistance pattern,››Penicillin›› (56.43%) showed the highest resistance followed by "erythromycin" (46.21%), and "nitrofurantion" (42.42%) in order. However, CNS showed the highest susceptibility to "ciprofloxacin" (82.57%), "vancomycin" (78.03%) and "Amikacin" (74.24%).

The findings showed that the use of ciprofloxacin and vancomycin, as the first choice in empirical treatment of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in the region, should be reconsidered.

Cardio vascular diseases (CVDS) are important cause of morbidity and mortality in world wide and constitutes a major public health problem in Iran. Due to increase of CVD in this contex، the bjective of this study was to describe the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors amony gonabad urban population. In this cross sectional study، a total of 606 subjects; males (205) and females (401) were recruited based on random cluster sampling method. The mean age of the subjects was 39. 41 12. 56 years old. Biochemical test were taken and consist of Blood glucose، total cholesterol، triglyceride، LDL-C and HDL-C and anthropometric and blood pressure measurement were performed. The data were analyse through chi- square، anova and T test using spss software version 13. The present study revealed that the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factors in gonabad were high LDL-C (130) and tatal cholesterl (200). The prevalence of high blood pressure، obesity، and abdominal obesity، were 33. 1%،22. 4%،17. 8% respectively. According to findings، high blood pressure wase more prevalent in females (33. 1) than males (30. 6). Present survey showed that prevalence of high blood pressure and WHR were significantly higher (p=0. 001) in males than in females and low HDL-C level was significantly more prevalent in women. (p= 0. 004) Coclusion: The prevalence of risk factor in gonabad exeedingly high. The present study showed high LDL-C and total cholesterol were the most prevalent risk factor found in this region. Continued strengthening program for prevention and intervention on these risk factor are need to reduced the incidence CVD in this region.

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis with a high prevalence throughout the world. T. gondii infection is frequently asymptomatic. In high risk population serological screening isrecommended for identification of non-Immune women. Due to considerable prevalence of toxoplasmosis during childbearing age, identification of non-immune girls is necessary. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence rate of anti toxoplasmosis IgG and IgM in high-school girls and to detect agents that increase prevalence of the disease. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, afterobtaining consent and completion of the questionnaire (Epidemiologic Profile), 240 blood samples were collected from high-school girls through cluster sampling method in spring 2009. A questionnaire was used for data collection for epidemiological factors. IgG and IgM specific antibodies to toxoplasmosis gondii were detected using enzyme-linked Immuno sorbent assay (ELISA). Chi-square test was used for determining the relationship between some variables associated with the serological results for anti-T. gondii antibodies. 35 Out of 240 high-school girls, (%14.6) were positive for T. gondiiIgG. None of the sample showed anti-toxoplasma IgM antibodies. The statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between consumption of undercooked meat (p=0.01) and raw vegetables (p=0.03) with increasing seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis. There was no significant relationship between seropositive cases and other factors. The results of this study showed that in order to reduce infection consuming well-cooked meat and vegetable is necessary.

Ice cream is a good growth-medium for microbes due to its nutrients and nearly neutral pH of 6-7. Ice cream contaminated with E.coli is the source of diarrhea and E.coli is an important pathogen that has shown an increasing antimicrobial resistance to most antibiotics. The aim of this study was to determine antibiotic resistance pattern of E.coli isolated from traditional ice-cream in Gonabad city. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 126 E.coli isolated from 523 samples of traditional ice cream which were collected randomly from the retail stores in Gonabad during March 2007 through November 2008. The antibiograms of E.coli isolates were determined using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion on Muller Hinton Agar against 17 selected antibiotics. In this research, 126 (24/9%) samples were positive for E.coli. All E.coli isolates (100%) were found to be resistant to Amoxicillin and Amoxyclav; in addition, 99.2% of the isolates were resistant to Erythromycin. However, 89.68% isolates were susceptible to ceftizoxim followed by 64.85% susceptible to ceftriaxon. The results of this study showed that in order to treat diarrhea due to ice cream contaminated with E.coli the best choices for beginning empiric treatment are ceftizoxim and ceftriaxon.

Hyperlipidemia, particularly hypercholesterolemia, is one of the major risk factors in cardiovascular diseases. Egg yolk is one of the richest sources of dietary cholesterol in human nutrition. Because egg yolk has relative high cholesterol, we wish to investigate the effect of consuming regular eggs on serum lipid profile. In this semi-experimental trail, twenty six healthy normolipidemic volunteers (8 men and 18 women) were recruited for the study and two well-cooked moderately sized eggs were added to their breakfast in addition to their regular diet for 4 weeks. Fasting blood samples, the dietary intakes, serum lipids, and anthropometric measurements were compared before and after starting new diet applying paired t-test using SPSS software (ver.13) for windows. The 4-week egg consumption (2 per day) significantly increased the average level of total cholesterol, LDL-C and triglyceride from 129.76, 72.19 and 99.63 mg/dl before having egg to 160.69, 98.03 and 105.34 mg/dl, respectively, after using eggs (p=0.0001). While HDL-C decreased significantly from 54.84 mg/dl to 50.73 mg/dl (p=0.008), cholesterol intake significantly increased from 251.2 mg/day to 534.1 mg/day (p=0.0001). Because egg yolk has relatively high cholesterol concentrations, limited egg consumption is often recommended to reduce serum cholesterol concentrations and to help prevent coronary heart diseases (CHD).

Coronary artery diseases are the major causes of death around the world and dyslipidemia is one of the most susceptive factors. It is very important to control the dyslipidemia to prevent the cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia in Gonabad city. In this descriptive study, 606 persons (401 women and 205 men) with 41.39±12.56 mean years were selected based on random cluster sampling method, and serum lipids including triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-C and HDL-C were determined in fasting condition. The data were analyzed through statistic tests, that is, chi-square and t-test using SPSS software. The results showed that the most prevalence of dyslipidemia was high LDL-C and total cholesterol levels that were showed in 49.6 and 45.6 percent of men and women, respectively. The lowest prevalence of dyslipidemia was low Levels of HDL-C that were showed in 17.5 and 11.6 percent of men and women, respectively. The prevalence of all lipid abnormalities in expect of high levels LDL-C that were higher in men than women, and HDL-C levels were significantly lower in men than women. There was a significant relation between age and mean lipid values. The results showed increasing means of triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-C with aging until 50-59, but beyond that age a decrease was showed. The prevalence of lipid abnormalities in expect of HDL-C was significantly more in the individuals above 40 years old than the younger ones. With regard to the fact that the prevalence of lipid abnormalities is almost high in the present study, it seems that more educational recommendations, modification of dietary habits, lifestyles, and also progress of physical activities are necessary for the prevention of ischemic heart disease risks.

Campylobacter is a major cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis and poultry meat is an important source of human outbreaks of campylobacteriosis. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of campylobacter in poultry carcasses in Gonabad poultry slaughterhouse. In this cross-sectional study, a number of 100 samples from broiler poultry carcasses were randomly collected by using rinse test in Gonabad poultry slaughterhouse. The samples after enrichment in Exeter broth were plated on skirrow agar with 5% hemolysed, defibrinated horse blood and then incubated for 48 h at 42C in microaerophilic condition. Suspected colonies with gram negative staining and rod shape were tested for oxidase, catalase, hippurate hydrolysis and Darty mortality. from 100 examined samples, 31 (31%) were found positive for campylobacter spp. Biochemical differentiation of the produced campylobacteria isolates showed that C.jejuni was frequently isolated (61.29%) than C.coli (38.71%). The present results showed that chicken carcasses proved to be reservoir of campylobacter. Consequently, implementation of good cooking techniques and washing carcasses perfectly are necessary. It is also necessary to improve quality control for campylobacter spp. in chicken abattoirs.

Background and Hyperlipidemia particularly hypercholesterolemia is commonly accepted as a major risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary heart diseases. Egg yolk is one of the richest sources of dietary cholesterol in human nutrition. As egg yolk has relatively lower cholesterol level in eggs enriched with Omega-3 the present study was conducted to determine the effect of consuming eggs enriched with omega-3 fatty acids on serum lipid profile and blood pressure. Methods and Materials: In this quasi-experimental research twenty-six (8 male and 18 female) university students were randomly selected from healthy volunteers for this study. Two well-cooked moderately sized eggs were added to the subject's breakfast in addition to their regular diet for 4 weeks. Anthropometric and metabolic measurements their intake of energy and other nutrients were compared using paired t-test in SPSS before and after the new diet was given. The consumption of enriched eggs for 4 weeks (2 eggs per day) significantly decreased the average level of triglyceride (p=0.0001) systolic (p=0.0001) and diastolic (p=0.001) blood pressures from 93.8 mg/dl 117.3 mmHg and 78.84 mmHg before the new diet to 67.5 mg/dl 95.38 mmHg and 69.46 mmHg respectively after consuming eggs. However HDL-C (p=0.0001) PUFA (p=0.03) and cholesterol intake (p=0.0001) significantly increased from 46.26 mg/dl 20.3 gr/day and 231.1 gr/day to 65.6 mg/dl 25.7 gr/day and 510.1 gr/day respectively at the end of the study. No significant changes were found in other parameters. The enrichment of eggs with omega-3 fatty acids raises HDL-C levels and decreased the triglyceride and blood pressure.

Ice cream, a milk based product is a good media for microbial growth due to high nutrition value, almost neutral PH value and long storage duration. Contamination of this product with pathogen micro-organism can lead to food poisoning and food born infection and can endanger the sanitation of human. The aim of this research was to assess microbial status of traditional Ice creams.

In this cross-sectional study a total of 100 samples of traditional Ice cream were obtained randomly from the retail stores in summer. All the samples were analyzed for microbial contamination according to the Iran national standard. The collected data were analyzed statistically using t-test by SPSS for windows.

The results show that 26% of the samples were contaminated higher than standard level (>5×104 /gr), 75% of the samples were contaminated higher than standard level (>10 /gr) with entrobacteriacea. staphylococcus aurous and Escheria coli were isolated from 4% and 32% of samples respectively. No salmonella was isolated from samples.

To prevent out break of poisoning and microbial infections due to consumption of Ice cream as well as supervision and control during the production are essential.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infectious diseases diagnosed in patients. Escherichia coli (E.coli) has been documented to be the most important pathogen associated with symptomatic tract infections. The aim of this study was to determine the local prevalence of bacterial and strains antimicrobial resistance of E.coli isolated from patients with UTI by reason increasing use of antibiotic and antibacterial resistance. In order to isolate and identify bacterial agents causing UTI and to indentify it’s sex and age distribiution, in a cross- sectional study, a total of 2101 midstream urine samples “through simple random sampling method” were analyzed for isolation and identification of bacterial isolates as per standard methods. Susceptibility tests were performed with disc diffusion tests using the Kirby-Bauer method on E.coli isolated from 233 cases with UTI aged from 3.5 month through 90 years with an average of 16.52±21.22 years. All data were analyzed with SPSS for windows. Out of which 353 samples were found to be significant bacteriuria (105 Cfu/mL) and remaining 1748 samples were either non-significant bacteriuria or very low bacterial count or sterile urine. In the present study, out of 353 isolated uropathogens the most common isolate was E.coli (66%) followed by staphylococcus sp (21.8%) klebsiella pneumoniae (7.93%), proteus vulgaris (3.4%), pseudomonas aeruginosa (0.84%). The UTIs were found to most frequently in female (78.5%) than male (21.5%) (P=0.000). The isolated E.coli showed resistant to amoxycilin (100%), ampicillin (99.1%) and sensitive to ciprofloxacin (85%) and ceftizoxime (60.1%). This study suggests that in emergency cases before the result of antibiogrom test is determined, the best choices to begin empiric treatment are cipro floxacin and ceftizoxime. amoxicillin and ampicillin are quite ineffective to treat these infections.

The fresh milk and its products are the cause of some nutritional diseases due to their perfection and the ease of being infected. This study was carried out to examine the quality of traditional ice cream being consumed. In this cross-sectional study 100 samples of traditional ice cream were randomly selected from different area of Mashhad city and test for bacterial contamination. The data were analyzed according to season and area. The result shows, that %91 of the samples were contaminated higher than standard level (5×105 cpu/gr).84% of the samples were contaminated higher than standard level (>102 cpu/gr) with Entrobacteriacea. 67% the samples contained more than 102/gr of staphylococcus aurous. Escheria coli were isolated from 11% of the samples. No salmonella was isolated from samples. A high percentage of the traditional ice cream was not accordance with the current standards regarding the hygienic quality. It seems that pasteurizing the primary mixture of ice cream through sufficient temperature in order to control the primary infection helps to increase the quality of this product.