فهرست مطالب حمیدرضا فتاحی

Today, start-ups play an important role in the economic growth of developed countries, and in the meantime, this type of business can play a decisive role in the realization of a resilient economy and the establishment of appropriate methods of economic defense. Accordingly, in the present study, we seek to answer the question of how investing in start-ups helps to achieve a resilient economy and economic defense? The present research is applied in terms of purpose and uses the qualitative research method in the form of structured foundation data theory. For this purpose, based on the analysis of in-depth interviews conducted with 11 managers and experts of start-up businesses, the process of the phenomenon under study was discovered. Data analysis was performed based on open, axial and selective coding methods. The model obtained from this research shows that the main category that is the common chapter between start-ups and resistance economics is the tendency towards knowledge-based economics. Among the causal factors influencing this process include the components of business owner mentality, inward looking, value-oriented model, risk-taking and teamwork; Environmental factors including government, media, academia and social environment; Intermediate or contextual factors including networking, culture, government institutions, human capital, education system and social capital; Strategies and actions include financing, management consulting, accelerators, entrepreneurial intent and productivity that lead to the creation of economic and defense value as well as increased economic resilience.

Knowledge-Based Enterprises has a key role in developing a knowledge-based economy. The importance of maintaining these companies in competitive environments has made marketing as a vital component for them, and the success of a marketing system requires selecting the right combination of marketing mix variables, therefore this fact marks in the entrepreneurial marketing mix for knowledge-based companies. On the other hand, need for market advice and use for marketing decisions and activities, the concept of market orientation for these businesses is important. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to investigate the effect of the entrepreneurial marketing mix on the entrepreneurial success of knowledge-based firms in viewpoint of the moderating role of market orientation. This research is descriptive survey. The population of this research is Delphi method is knowledgeable experts, which 30 experts have been selected with using a judgment-snowball sampling method. To test the model, the sample population consisted of 180 knowledge-based businesses located in Isfahan Research Center, that selected by available sampling method. Questionnaire was used for data collection. Its validity was evaluated by experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. The results of data analysis with Smart Pls 2 indicate that the entrepreneurial marketing mix has a positive and significant effect on the entrepreneurial success of knowledge-based companies. In addition, the results showed that market orientation has a moderating role between the two variables of entrepreneurial marketing mix and entrepreneurial success in these businesses.

The recent rise in economic confrontations globally, including that of some Western powers with the Islamic Republic of Iran, has heightened beyond conventional norms and transformed into a full-scale economic war. In such circumstances, one has to go beyond the conventional wisdom of the mainstream economic literature based on assumptions of global free-trade and commerce for a realistic analysis of the current state of affairs. In line with the literature in applied research, the methodology of this paper follows exploratory mixed methods design, specifically utilizing modeling typology, to first arrive at a definition of the concept of start-ups, thus subsequently, the paper turns towards analyzing the role of these businesses in a defensive economy. Finally, following cues from the statements of the Supreme Leader and the existing literature, the paper attempts to describe the concepts of ‘resistance economics’ and ‘economic defense’.

This study analyzed the theoretical innovation strategies and their impact on the success of knowledge-based entrepreneurial businesses brokered's absorption capacity. In fact, this article explores how knowledge-based firms use their innovation strategies, which have the greatest impact on their entrepreneurial success, according to their absorption capacity. The study population-based research centers of companies are using simple random sampling of 196 companies were selected were distributed among them. For data analysis and hypothesis of structural equation modeling using partial least squares software Smart PLS 2 was used. The results of this study, the impact of innovation strategy based on 46.7% 51.7% absorption capacity, as well as the impact on the absorption capacity of entrepreneurial success is knowledge-based firms.so on in my paper.

Today, despite the intense competition that exists in the restaurant industry, it is inevitable to adopt marketing innovations for customer satisfaction. Most companies are looking for interactive, words of mouth and internet-based advices from their customers to improve their brand equity. Therefore, in this research, according to the importance of marketing innovation and the role that customer satisfaction can have on oral and online advice, we seek to create and improve brand equity in the restaurant industry. The population of this research is customers of Kashan's restaurants who were selected by cluster sampling of 185 people and distributed among them. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with partial least squares (PLS) was used for data analysis. The results of the test of hypothesises showed that marketing innovation has a positive and significant effect on the interactions of oral and online advice. Also, customer satisfaction has been able to play a moderator role in the relationship between marketing innovation and interactions with the oral and the Internet. Also, the results showed that oral and online advice interactions had a positive and significant effect on brand equity. The other results of this research confirm the role of the mediator of oral marketing and internet marketing in the relationship between marketing innovation and brand equity.

Provided that, internationalization and expansion of activities to global markets is one of the most important breakthroughs for small and medium-sized businesses, this research aimed to propose an internationalization model for Iranian small and medium-sized enterprises in nanotechnology industries.
The present research is applied in terms of purpose and uses qualitative approach through structured grounded theory. The process of studying the phenomenon was discovered based on the analysis of in-depth interviews conducted with 11 directors of active nanotechnology business with a history of international presence.
The pattern obtained from this study indicated that the main issue that triggers business to enter the international markets is sustainable competitive advantage. The effective factors in this process include organizational and individual components, environmental factors including environmental characteristics, and firm characteristics; intermediary factors including management and organizational conditions; powerful entry; market planning, and analysis. Process strategy and internationalization implications including employee empowerment development of technology, brand extension, and growth of capital.
The process of internationalization of SMEs requires global sustainable competitive advantage, and at the same time, the existent propulsion in business essence and entrepreneur nature. Depending on the market situation, domestic competition, firm size, and the existing empirical records of the company will intensify.

social capital of employeemanager can be stimulus for suitable using entrepreneurship marketing in order to improvement and development of business. this research is as applied-survey science. home businesses of Isfahan province is its studied case. 210 businesses are sample size and researchers used SEM to data analysis by PLS software. the results reveals that social capital has a significant and positive effect on entrepreneurship marketing. social capital has the most effect on customer-orientation. also, social capital has effect on shared knowledge. shared knowledge has a significant and positive effect on entrepreneurship marketing. shared knowledge has the most effect on value creation. finally, shared knowledge mediate the relationship between social capital and entrepreneurship marketing.

There are different views about definitions of entrepreneurship. Shane and Venkataraman introduce entrepreneurship as discovery, assessment, and use of opportunities, and Schumpeter believes that entrepreneurship is creative destruction and innovation in a current position. But most of the entrepreneurial scientists are agree that entrepreneurship is the main factor in economic development. In recent years, by the growth of studies in the research area of entrepreneurship, the entrepreneurship development has become as one of the known factors in dynamic business environments and economic development of countries. In terms of sanctions, Iran put itself in self-sufficiency status and tried to explore, evaluate and use internal opportunities. Now with the disappearance of international sanctions, more opportunities will be created in entrepreneurship development, that uses these opportunities can help for rehabilitation of the country situation in economic development. One of the key factors in facilitates this process is the policies that are applied for entrepreneurship development in the country and exploitation of available entrepreneurial opportunities. The emphasize of this article is, to present a conceptual framework, in the direction of highlighting the role of government policy in the exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities and facilitating entrepreneurial activities. This research has an overviews nature, and reviews, analysis, documents conclusions, text and theoretical foundation have been used to provide a theoretical framework. Findings show that government policies can influence on exploitation process of entrepreneurial opportunities in different domain like economic, social, politic, cultural or education.

Orthodontic bracket bonding may encounter difficulties in fluorosed teeth. The aims of this study were to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of brackets bonded to fluorosed teeth with Core Max II and Transbond XT and to assess the enamel damage after debonding. In this in-vitro study, 60 fluorosed (TFI=4 and 5) and non-fluorosed teeth were divided into two subgroups. The standard edgewise metallic brackets were bonded to the teeth with Transbond XT in the first and third groups, and with Core Max II in the remaining groups. After bonding, the SBS of the brackets was tested with a universal testing machine. The obtained data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA, post-hoc (LSD), Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon, and paired samples tests. Fluorosis significantly reduced SBS (P =0.041). Core Max II significantly increased SBS (P =0.040). Teeth in group 4 (fluorosis and Transbond XT) had the lowest SBS (13.44±1.69 MPa); group 2 (fluorosis and Core Max II) showed the highest enamel damage. Core Max II is a good adhesive for orthodontic bracket bonding in fluorosed teeth but conservative debonding methods should be necessarily applied to decrease enamel damage.

Statement of Problems: The main disadvantage of elastic chains is their rapid force decay. Thus, pre-stretching has been recommended as a method to overcome this ever existing problem. However, the information regarding the magnitude and the method of its performance are still obscure or varied. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of pre-stretching on force degradation of the synthetic elastomeric chains. This experimental study had two categories of synthetic elastomeric chains: 1. Control (unprestretched) 2. Test (prestretched). The test groups were pre-stretched to 33%, 100% and 200% of the original length. We evaluated 4 control and 16 test groups from four manufacturers. In a period of 5 seconds, each specimen was pre-stretched in the rate of 30 mm per minute. Then, all the specimens were stretched to 25 mm and fixed in this distance on the frames and were merged in 37 degree water. Their forces were measured at 0 hour, 1 hour, 24 hours, 1 week, and 3 weeks. Data were analyzed using Friedman, ANOVA and Green house-Geisser test. All the 20 groups had force degradation in the study period (p <001). The highest rate of force degradation (about half of the total force degradation) occurred at the first hour. But the rate of force degradation declined over time. In all brands, force degradation was smaller in pre-stretching 200% than the control group (p <0.01-0.001). Synthetic elastomeric chains from several companies have different effects from different distances of pre-strectching, so the appropriate pre-stretching length must be defined for each kind of synthetic elastomeric chain.

Statement of Problems: Tooth size is correlated to gender، race، arch alignment، and malocclusion type. Correct tooth size relationship between the maxillary and mandibular teeth is an important factor to achieve a proper occlusal interdigitation during the final stages of orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the mesiodistal tooth size between cl III and cl I patients in an Iranian population. In this cross- sectional study، 120 patients (50 cl I and 70 cl III malocclusion) were selected. The inclusion criteria for the subjects were complete permanent dentition with no caries، proximal restorations، attrition or dental anomalies. The greatest mesiodistal tooth width from the first molar to the other side was measured on the orthodontic models by digital caliper with 0. 01 accuracy. The measurements were obtained by a single person twice. All the data were categorized in different malocclusion groups and sex differentiation and analysed by student’s t-test and one way ANOVA. This study showed that a significant right to left side tooth size discrepancy was found in some of the teeth in cl I and cl III with maxillary deficiency. No significant tooth size differences were found between the two sides in the mandibular excess cl III. Females showed a tendency of having smaller teeth than males. In the maxillary deficient cl III malocclusion، the maxillary first molar، the first mandibular and maxillary premolars were larger than cl I malocclusions. The maxillary first molars were smaller in the mandibular excess cl III than cl I mal occlusions. Although this study showed some differences in the mesiodistal tooth size between cl I and cl III malocclusion، this difference was not for all the teeth.

The determination of the tooth size- arch size relationship (space analysis) is an important factor for diagnosis and treatment planning in the mixed dentition. It is essential to use this analysis before eruption of the canines, first and second premolars. This study produced linear regression equations for an Iranian population. Study models of 276 subjects (138 males and 138 females) were selected from pretreatment patients’ records of Orthodontic Department of Dental School and private offices in Shiraz. The greatest mesiodistal diameters of all teeth on each model were obtained except the second and third molar by digital caliper with 0.01mm accuracy. Finally, regression equations (Y=a+bx) were formulated to be used clinically for the estimation of mesiodistal width of permanent unerupted canines and premolars. SPSS software and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test were used to analyze the date. The coefficients of determination (r2) of the regressions ranged between 0.17 and 0.47 and were higher for females than males, and also mandible than maxilla. It found significant difference between the prediction of this study and Moyers’ prediction. The equations derived in this study were Y=11.71+0.43x and Y=8.22+0.57x for maxilla and mandible respectively. At the other hand, the 85% level was a more accurate determination than the commonly used 75% confidence level likewise. Moyers’ prediction tables were found to under-estimate tooth size summation compared with the present investigation.

Statement of Problem: Tooth size discrepancies (Bolton ratio) affect the best possible esthetic and functional results at the end of treatment. The extraction decision is the most critical decision when planning treatment, and the premolars are the most common teeth in this decision. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of different patterns of premolar extraction on tooth size discrepancy at the end of orthodontic treatments. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 200 study models of the patients (145 females and 55 males) who were selected through available selective sampling method. The greatest mesiodistal width of all teeth were measured except for the second and third molars. The measuring was done by a digital caliper with 0.01mm accuracy. According to calculated Bolton overall ratios, the patients’ casts were divided into three groups: NB (Normal Bolton), DB (Decreased Bolton), and IB (Increased Bolton). This classification was based on the overall Bolton normal values plus or minus one standard deviation. The Bolton overall ratios of each group were measured before and after hypothetical extractions of different four premolars. The data was analyzed using one way ANOVA, and the paired t-test was used for comparing the ratios between males and females. The results showed that there was no significant difference between males and females in Bolton overall ratios. Significant differences were found between overall ratios for different combinations of premolar extraction before and after extractions. The Bolton overall ratios showed to be smaller after premolar extractions in each group. After premolar extractions, some patients in the NB and IB groups were transferred to the DB, and NB group respectively. According to the results of this study four premolars extraction causes a decrease in Bolton overall ratio and in some patients, increased overall ratios could be corrected to normal values after removal of second mandibular premolars.