حمیرا سلیمان نژاد

Anxiety causes suicidal behavior by affecting the level of interpersonal needs. The aim of the present study was to provide a causal model of suicidal behavior based on anxiety with the mediation of interpersonal needs in suicide attempters.

The current research is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this research was all the patients who tried to commit suicide in Tehran in 2022, and 396 of them were selected from Baharloo Hospital of Tehran by available sampling. Demographic questionnaire, the "Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire", "Beck Anxiety Inventory" and "Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire" were used to collect data. In the present study, the validity of the instruments was not checked and the reliability was measured by the internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The data was analyzed with SPSS 26 and Amos version 26 software.

The results of the present study showed that there is a positive and significant direct correlation between anxiety and suicidal behavior (β=0.32, P=0.001), perceived burdensomeness with suicidal behavior (β=0.28, P=0.001), and thwarted belongingness with suicidal behavior (β=0.29, P=0.001). Perceived burdensomeness (Z=6.77, P=0.001) and thwarted belongingness (Z=6.78, P=0.001) mediated the correlation between anxiety and suicidal behavior.

Anxiety has a direct and indirect positive correlation with the mediation of interpersonal needs with suicidal behavior. Therefore, it is suggested to diagnose and examine interpersonal needs in people suffering from anxiety in order to reduce their suicidal behavior.

Investigating and identifying factors related to nurses' psychological distress plays an important role in their occupational health, so the present study was conducted  to investigate the mediating role of coping styles in the relationship between spiritual health and nurses' psychological distress.

The descriptive-correlation research method was path analysis. From the research community, which included all married female nurses working in public medical centers in Tehran in the second six months of 2022; 409 people were selected as a sample and answered the spiritual health questionnaires of Palutzin and Ellison (1982), Kalzbeek et al.'s coping styles (2006), and psychological distress questionnaires by Kessler et al. (2002). SPSS version 22 and Amos software were used for data analysis.

According to the results of the present study, 103 people were between 20 and 30 years old, 188 people were between 31 and 40 years old, 108 people were between 41 and 50 years old, and 10 people were between 51 and 60 years old. Also, 66 members of the research had a diploma, 22 had a post-diploma, 195 had a bachelor's degree, 120 had a master's degree, and 6 had a doctorate in nursing. The results showed that spiritual health is directly (β = -0.162, p < 0.01) and indirectly (β = -0.509, p < 0.01) and with the mediation of coping styles. It affects the psychological distress of nurses.

Based on the results between spiritual health and psychological distress of nurses, Problem-oriented coping styles had a mediating role. Therefore, spiritual health can help reduce psychological distress in nurses through increasing coping styles.

 Emotional, cognitive and behavioral characteristics play an essential role in the quality of life of nurses. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of spiritual health and coping styles in predicting the quality of life of nurses.

 The research method is descriptive-correlational. The research community included all married female nurses working in public and private medical centers in Tehran in the second 6 months of 2022, 409 of whom were selected through available sampling and through social networks. The expression of data collection included the spiritual health questionnaires of Palutzian and Ellison, coping styles of Calsbeek et al. and the quality of life of the World Health Organization. Data analysis was performed using Pearson's correlation test and multiple regressions simultaneously on the SPSS software version 24. In the present study, all ethical considerations were observed and the authors reported no conflict of interests.

 The results showed that the correlation of spiritual health and problem-oriented strategy with nurses' quality of life was positive, but the correlation of avoidance strategy and emotion-oriented strategy with nurses' quality of life was negative (P<0.01). Also, spiritual health components explained 13.9% and coping styles explained 25.1% of the variance in quality of life.

 The finding of the present study indicate the importance of coping styles as one of the important personal structures and spiritual health as one of the important spiritual structures in improving the quality of life of nurses.

Mothers are more responsible for raising their children, and they are usually the main caregivers of disabled children. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of behavioral activation therapy on social avoidance in mothers of children with cerebral palsy.

This study with a quasi-experimental research design had a pre-test, post-test, and a control group. The research sample consisted of 40 mothers referred to Occupational Therapy Centers in Ilam, Iran, in 2021. Then, they were randomly assigned into an experimental group (n=20) and a control group (n=20). The experimental group received behavioral activation group therapy based on the protocol provided by Kanter, Bush, and Rush during eight 90-minute sessions in one group session per week[S1]. Information was collected using a social phobia questionnaire (SPI) by Connor et al. (2000) in two stages of pre- and post-interventions. Covariance analysis and SPSS software (version 27) were used for data analysis.

Based on the obtained results, at the end of the treatment, the social avoidance scores of the intervention group were significantly reduced compared to the control group (P<0.05).

The study showed that behavioral activation therapy has a favorable effect on reducing the severity of symptoms of social avoidance disorder in mothers of children with cerebral palsy. Therefore, this treatment is suggested as a complementary treatment along with drug treatments to improve psychological symptoms in these people.

Suicide is one of the causes of death worldwide, which causes a long-term impact on the family, society, and economy. The present study investigated suicidal behavior in suicide attempters based on depression with the mediation of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness.

 The current study is descriptive and correlational. A total of 365 patients who attempted suicide and were hospitalized at Baharloo Hospital in Tehran in 2022 were selected through convenience sampling. Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ) (thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness), and the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) were administered to the suicide attempters. The Sobel test was used to examine mediation hypotheses, and structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to evaluate the proposed model.

 The results showed that there were positive and significant relationships between depression score and suicidal behavior (r=0.314, p<0.001), thwarted belongingness and suicidal behavior (r=0.395, p<0.001), and perceived burdensomeness and suicidal behavior (r=0.410, p<0.001). The model fit indices confirmed the path of depression to suicidal behavior and depression with the mediation of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness.

 The results of this study showed that depression plays a crucial role in suicidal behavior directly and indirectly through the mediation of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness. Therefore, identification, diagnosis, and treatment of people suffering from depression and examining interpersonal needs will effectively prevent and reduce suicidal behavior.

Satisfaction in married life plays a valuable role in mental health and it is considered the main role for the continuation of the life of a relationship, based on this, it seems necessary to examine the role of factors that lead to the improvement of marital satisfaction, so the present study with The objective of mediating the role of coping styles in the relationship between spiritual health and marital satisfaction of nurses was carried out.

The descriptive-correlation research method was path analysis. The research population was all married female nurses working in public and private medical centers in Tehran in the second six months of 2022; 409 people were included in the study using available sampling method and through social networks. The expressions of data collection included Palotzin and Ellison's (1982) spiritual health questionnaires, Kalzbeck et al.'s coping styles (2006) and Hudson's marital satisfaction (1992). SPSS version 22 and Amos software were used for data analysis.

The results showed that spiritual health has a negative effect on the avoidance strategy (β=-0.490, p<0.01) and the emotion-oriented strategy (β=-0.471, p<0.01) and on the problem-oriented strategy (β = 0.537, p < 0.01) have a positive direct effect. Spiritual health affects marital satisfaction both directly (β=0.160, p<0.01) and indirectly (β=0.510, p<0.01) and through the mediation of coping styles. Avoidance strategy (β=0.118, p<0.01) and emotion-oriented strategy (β=0.292, p<0.01) have a direct positive effect on marital satisfaction. Problem-oriented strategy has a direct negative effect on marital satisfaction (β=0.587, p<0.01).

The results showed that coping styles had a mediating role in the relationship between spiritual health and marital satisfaction of nurses, and the results can help nurses to know and improve marital satisfaction. Therefore, empowerment and educational programs with the aim of increasing knowledge in the field of coping styles and increasing spiritual health can have an effective role in improving life satisfaction.

Frustration and emotion dysregulation have been among the most factors contributing to suicidal tendencies faced currently by societies.  Therefore, developing a training program to decrease such tendencies seems necessary. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of an integrative intervention in decreasing frustration and emotion dysregulation as determinants of suicidal tendencies among adolescents and young people.

The present study is an experimental trial with a pretest-posttest design and control group and was conducted on 40 adolescents and young persons aged 15-25 who were selected through the random cluster sampling in 2018-19 in Ilam. All of the participants completed the Suicide Attitude Questionnaire, Children's Health Locus of Control Scale(CHLC), and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-P). The experimental group received an integrative intervention, while the control group received no intervention. Upon the completion of the intervention and collecting the data, they were analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA) and by SPSSV22 software.

The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that there is significant difference in the scores of the two groups (Wilks' lambda=0.251, F=5.664, p=0.001) in terms of despair (F=6.843, p=0.013), self-blame (F=10.412, P=0.003), rumination (F=5.016, p=0.031), catastrophizing (F=6.331, p=0.016), blaming others (F=14.132, p=0.001), positive re-focus (F=9.126, p=0.005), planning re-focus (F=10.275, p=0.003), and positive re- evaluation (F=6.024, p=0.019). However, there was no significant intergroup difference in terms of acceptance (F=0.830, p=0.368) and perspective taking (F=0.121, p=0.730).

Organizing training programs based on an integrative approach has been effective in decreasing despair and emotion dysfunction among the adolescents and young people with suicidal tendencies. Conducting training programssuch as problem- solving, emotional, regulation, mindfulness, etc. for psychologists, parents, adolescents, health professionals, and social pathologists can be effective in decreasing and preventing suicide among adolescents.

Adolescents' attitude to suicide is one of the major problems in mental health.  Thus, research in this area is of utmost importance. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of an integrated protocol in reducing the negative attitude toward problem solving as a determinant of suicidal tendency in adolescents and young people 15-24 years old in Ilam, Iran. In this semi-experimental pretest-posttest study with a control group, a sample of 40 adolescents 15-24 years old were selected by random cluster sampling in Ilam city, Iran. All of the participants completed a suicidal attitude questionnaire, as well a negative- attitude-toward-problem solving questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the SPSS-V19 software, the statistical test being the multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA). Multivariate analysis of variance analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the attested scores of the two groups (P <0.01, F = 0.408, Wilk's Lambda = 0.506). The differences between the experimental and control groups were significant as regards all of the components of the negative attitude. The training based on the integrated approach to negative attitude in problem solving was found to have been effective. The post-test scores of two variables, namely, problem tendency-avoidance and personal control, decreased in the experimental group; however, one other variable, namely, trust in problem-solving, increased. Based on the findings it can be concluded that education based on an eclectic (integrated) approach towards the negative attitude to problem solving can be effective in adolescents and the youth 15-24 years old with suicidal tendencies ─ suicidality. Hence, it is recommended to administer training programs such as problem-solving, emotional regulation and mindfulness to help psychologists, parents, adolescents, health professionals and social pathologists to reduce and prevent suicide in adolescents.

The present research attempts to study the relationship between the mathematical anxiety among high school students and their self-steem and teachers personality characteristics. From among the high school students some 480 people were chosen categorically in accordance with their characteristics and 60 mathematics teachers were also chosen through this method.The data were collected through the use of self-steem questionnaire by Cooper Smith and Mathematics Anxiety Questionnaire (Mars) and personality questionnaire by Neo.
After analyzing the data, the following findings were resulted Following results obtained: negative significant relationship between the students, mathematical anxiety and their self-steem(p0.01). There is also a significant relationship between the students, mathematical anxiety and their teacher's personality characteristics(p0.01). There is not significant relationship between the high school students mathematics anxiety and their educational levels(p0.01).There is a significant difference between the mathematical anxiety of moreover students majoring in humanities and natural science students and the students of physics and mathematics students(p0.01). There is a significant difference between the mathematics anxiety of male and female students(p0.01).

With this mind that the high prevalence of Autistic Spectrum Traits (AST) between pediatrics Depression Disorder and also، simultaneity of mood disorders in individual with high level of Autism spectrum traits، Therefore، this study was conduct to found out the relationships of autistic spectrum traits (Social skill، Attention switching، communication، Attention to details، Imaginary) and Depression disorder among girl students of medical sciences university in Ilam.

The statistical society of current research included all of the girl student of medical sciences university in Ilam. The sample of this study includes 250 students who were chosen by multistage randomly sampling method. The Measures used in this research are as follow: Autism spectrum Quotient (AQ) and Depression scale of SCL-90. The outcomes of questionnaire were précised by multiple regression in Stepwise and Enter style.

The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that 7 percent of depression variance was explained by autistic traits also deficiency in communication and social skills emerged as the strongest predictors of depression in students.

At the beginning of the third millennium, many organizations are responsible of protecting and promoting health as well as preventing and treating mental and physical illnesses. In spite of the modern advances in medical sciences, one of the current concerns in health is the increase in mental disorders among the youth. This study aimed to determine the relationship between clinical features of university students and its demographic correlates.

This was a descriptive–analytical sort of research. The aimed population of the study included all the university students studying at Ilam Islamic Azad University during 2007-8, of whom 478 students were selected based on Morgan’s sampling table and using stratified sampling model. The two used means in our study to collect the data included: a GHQ28 Questionnaire and a personal plus demographic questionnaire containing six items.

43.3% of the investigated sample got a mark lower than the cut–off point, whom were considered “healthy“regarding the clinical features. 56.7% of the samples scored more than the cut–off point, whom were suspected to have a sort of mental disorder. Among the subscales, most the symptoms were reported to be related to “anxiety“and “physical symptoms” of female students, with “depression” and “disorder in social performance“ranking the third and forth, respectively. Comparing their average points of mental health, a significant difference was found between the male and female students in A and B subscales, that is the physical symptoms and anxiety, and there was no significant difference in C and D subscales, that is “disorder in social performance and depression“. The results obtained from MANOVA indicated a significant difference between the students with different majors in A, B, and D subscales and there were no differences among them in C subscale. In addition, there was a significant relationship between the gender and health. However, no significant relationship was found between age, marital status, major, and locality of the students. Discussion &

Students are the cornerstones of universities as well as the major cause of development and progress. Thus, they can manage in their responsibilities just, if they enjoy the necessary general good health. The finds of our research reveals that more than half of the students suffer from psychological disorders. Undoubtedly, progress and development are termed to educational concepts, the strategies that enable individuals to control their own health and growth.