حکیمه سابقی

In the nursing profession, a suitable level of moral reasoning increases the quality of care for patients and boosts job satisfaction among nurses. Professional identity increases self-confidence, the feeling of belonging to the profession, and establishing interpersonal communication in people. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between Kohlberg's level of ethical reasoning and the professional identity of nursing students.

In this correlation study, 231 undergraduate nursing students of nursing faculties affiliated with Birjand University of Medical Sciences were selected by stratified random sampling based on ratio. Data were collected using a Demographic profile form, Hao et al.'s professional identity questionnaire, and Kohlberg's moral reasoning. Data were analyzed using statistical tests of Pearson correlation, regression, independent t-test, and one-way analysis of variance at a significance level of 0.05.

The average score of moral reasoning and professional identity in nursing students was 47.04 ± 5.21 and 61.98 ± 11.16, respectively. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between moral reasoning and professional identity in nursing students (r = 0.55, P < 0.001).

Based on the results, moral reasoning has a positive and significant relationship with professional identity in nursing students. Therefore, teaching ethical concepts to nursing students, enhances their ethical reasoning. As a result, their professional identity can be improved.

Cardiopulmonary arrest occurs at any time and place. Most of cardiac arrests happen in places outside the hospital without access to experienced people. If the family members have the ability of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, they can prevent brain death in the golden time. This study aims to assess the effect of virtual cardiopulmonary resuscitation training on the self-efficacy of family caregivers of patients with cardiovascular diseases. 

This is a randomized controlled field trial that was conducted on 60 family caregivers of patients with cardiovascular diseases referred to the heart clinic of Razi Hospital in Birjand, Iran in 2021. They were selected by a random sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups of training (n=30) and control(n=30). They completed a demographic form and the Basic Resuscitation Skills Self-Efficacy Scale. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 20 using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, paired t-test, and chi-square test. The significance level was set at 0.05.

The mean posttest score of self-efficacy in the training and control groups were 4.15±0.49 and 3.12±0.58, respectively, which was significantly different (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the pretest score of self-efficacy between the training (2.97±0.82) and control (3.09±0.64) groups (P=0.53).

Virtual cardiopulmonary resuscitation training has a significant effect on increasing the self-efficacy of family caregivers of patients with cardiovascular diseases. Virtual education can be effective due to lower costs and higher efficiency. Therefore, it is recommended for planners to use this method of education in their policies for cardiovascular diseases.

The COVID-19 pandemic has created a stressful teaching and learning environment that puts it out of its dynamic state and puts most of the learning burden on the student. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between educational environment and self-directed learning in undergraduate nursing students.

In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 200 undergraduate nursing students of Birjand School of Nursing and Midwifery from different terms were studied by available sampling method in the year 1401-1400. DREEM and CHENG online questionnaires were used to evaluate the educational environment and self-directed learning, respectively. The questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS20.

The mean score of educational environment (120.20 ± 27.20) and self-directed learning (75.85 ± 11.73) was obtained. The results of this study showed that there is a direct and significant linear relationship between educational environment and all its dimensions with self-directed learning and all its dimensions (p <0.05). Also, the educational environment was significantly associated with gender and interest in the nursing and self-directed learning with interest in the nursing (p <0.05). Multiple linear regression test showed that the dimensions of the educational environment can predict to 23% (adjusted R2 = 0.232) of self-directed learning changes in nursing students.

According to the results of the study and the sensitivities of the nursing profession, it is recommended to consider self-directed training programs and workshops and to create an educational environment that stimulates this skill.

Given that clinical education is at the heart of medical education, it is also very important to pay attention to the efficiency of clinical teaching and a good clinical teacher. Clinical instructors often play both educational and therapeutic roles at the same time, and they must be empowered enough to not only do the right thing, but also to show and explain to students how to do it. The aim of this study was to explain the characteristics of a good clinical teacher based on the experiences of medical residents.

In this study, 14 medical assistants were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview. Coding and data analysis were performed using MAXQDA 2012. Content analysis method was used to analyze the data.

In continuous and rotational analysis of the data, 60 codes were finally obtained, which were divided into 10 subcategories and 3 main categories. Based on the experiences of assistants participating in the study, help and support, nurturing, counseling and guidance, role model, morality, patient care, scientific expertise, clinical skills, educational management, and teaching experience were expressed as the main characteristics of a good clinical teacher that were classified in three categories of supporter and mentor, ethics model, and wise instructor.

In this study, the characteristics of a good clinical teacher were identified with more depth. By paying attention to the results of the study, clinical professors can have a comprehensive plan to acquire these characteristics, and while empowering themselves, help to promote clinical education and community health.

While nursing graduates are directly involved in nursing, they are required to ensure that they have the necessary clinical competence. The aim of this study was to determine the necessity of final examination at the end of the undergraduate nursing course from the point of view of faculty members and students of Mashhad and Torbat Heydariyeh.

In this descriptive study, the viewpoints of 20 faculty members and 78 students were collected by semi-structure interview and reseacher made questionnaire in 2016. The results were reported as descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, number, percentage).

Seventeen faculty members (88.20%) considered final nursing exam necessary and 41 students (52.91%) did not consider the existing evaluation to be sufficient.

It seems that paying attention to planning in order to change the current process of clinical evaluations and conducting comprehensive standard tests can enhance the nursing students' knowledge and skills

Progressive increase in the elderly population causes more attention to the health of this age group, because of their numerous health problems. Regardless of whether the provided interventions are physical or psychosocial, one of the basic principles of caring for elder people is to uphold their dignity. Regarding to the importance of elderly patients, and nurses viewpoints about human dignity in providing dignified care, this study was conducted to assessing respect for human dignity in caring for older adults in perspective of nurses and elderly patients. This is a cross-sectional study on 150 nurses and 150 elderly patients who were selected by census and convenient sampling, respectively. Data collection tool included a researchermade questionnaire consisted of demographic information, assessment the importance of and providing dignified care to hospitalized elderly patients. The obtained data were analyzed using software SPSS 16 after registration. According to the findings, although, the mean score of nurses viewpoint about the importance of providing dignified care for elderly patients (9.91±1.76) was higher than the elders’ viewpoint (8.62±0.82), but relating the respect for elderly patient's dignity, the mean score of patients viewpoint(77.33±11.13) was significantly, higher than nurses (72.43±11.45) point of view (p<0.001). Generally, most of the subjects in the two groups reported appropriate respecting for human dignity in elderly patients. The findings confirmed the appropriate respecting for human dignity in the care of elderly patients, in perspective of nurses and patients. Thus, promoting respect for human dignity in the care of elderly patients is recommended as an ethical and cultural rule.

Documentation is one of the nurses’ professional tasks, which is an important component of medical evidence and patient’s record. Finding effective teaching methods for enhancing nurses’ ability in documentation can be helpful.

This study was performed to determine the effect of continuing education program on nurse’s knowledge, attitude and performance about documentation.

A quasi-experimental before and after design was carried out on 62 nurses who were working at a public hospitals in Kerman and were randomly allocated to two experimental (n = 32) and control groups (n = 30). Data collection tools were a self-structured questionnaire as well as tools for measurement of knowledge, attitude, performance, and competency of subjects regarding nursing documentation, which were completed before and after implementing a continuing education program. Data were analyzed using Chi-Square, paired t- tests and independent t- tests with SPSS version 14.

There were significant differences between nurses who participated in the intervention and control groups in terms of knowledge (P =0.000), attitude (P=0.000), performance (P=0. 001) and competency (P=0. 000) towards documentation. The findings showed that there was no statistically significant difference between two groups in relation to demographic variables.

The results of this study suggest that continuing education program promote knowledge, attitude, performance and competency of nurses on documentation. It is recommended to accomplish more studies about learning stability following employing this method and its comparison with other educational methods.

Pain is one of the most common symptoms in various diseases. Morphine is usually used as a pain killer، which is very valuable in relieving the pain of patients who suffer from severe pain. However nurses fear of the side effects of morphine، act as an obstacle to its usage in relieving pain. So this study was performed to detect the nurses’ opinions toward the use of morphine for patient’s pain relief. A descriptive design was used and 85 nurses who were employed in medical and surgical wards of Imam Reza، Ghaem and 17 Shahrivar hospitals in Mashhad، participated in this study. Data was collected by demographic information form، and McCoffery questionnaire that measures nurses opinions toward the amount time and side effects of morphine consumption. %47of participants believed that the more amount of morphine is، the more pain relief would exist. %73 of nurses believed that prescribing opioids as PRN is more effective than their prescription in a specific hours. Only %5. 9 0f nurses reports that bradypnea may occur in less than one percent of patients who get morphine. We suggest that it is necessary to setup workshops up-to-date nurses information about the properly use of morphine in relieving patients’ pain.