خاطره طالبی

path length as an effective economic parameter to identify a tourist route by tourist is considered in this paper, which is not considered in previous works about tourist routes determination problem. Considering the path length causes this problem to be converted into a multi-objective multivariable decision making problem because tourist likes paths where there is the maximum number of Tourist Attractions in minimum path length. The introduced problem is more complex than the single-objective multi-variable decision making problem in the solution point of view. The matching technique and the method named "minimum distance from the best decision" are proposed for solving the introduced problem in this paper. Therefore, a new method is used in this paper to find the tourist route where have both the maximum value in different attraction indexes and the minimum path length. The proposed solution method is implemented in the region of Dameghan City, where is a historical city in Semnan steady, to rank all of the paths with the Destination of Damghan. The results show that the proposed method selects the tourist routes where have both the maximum number of tourist attractions and the minimum path length in the Damegan region.

Sangsarnomads are one of the most famous nomadic tribes in Iran-Semnan province. In their siah-chador (known as “gut”) there is a special composition of hand woven as tent and masonry material as substructure (known as “gut-ke-mal”). Gut-ke-mal remains in the summer pastures and usually will be applied in next migrations. Application of siah-chador reduced due to building villa housing in the summer pastures of the area in last decades. So it is valuable itself to document the remained examples of gut-ke-mal which are affected by climatic agents year by year. The structure of this plan is more complex and practical in the black tent of Sangsarnomad than other nomads. The article identifies 5 contemporary gut-ke-mals and classifies them through some physical and functional variants (including site situation, topography, dimensions, function, form, access and material) based on descriptive-analytical research method.. Outcomes show that new ones have rectangular interior forms, manufactured material usage and smaller dimensions in compare with the original and changes in the dimensions of the form, the type of materials and communication spaces, and the movement of land uses in the new samples. The trend seems to far gut-ke-mal away from its original function and eventually its original nature

In this paper, the long-term effects of changes in the type of water exploitation on agricultural lands, textures, and lifestyles of the village of Abdullah Abad, Damghan, which has been damaged, are studied. This local and regional effect is examined in this paper by aggregating several analyzing methods such as the village's water supply resources in the Damegan city for over 50 years, drawing piezometric diagrams of regional and village wells, the identification of changes in water resources, analyzing aerial images of the residential and agricultural texture of the village during the years 1966, 1987, and 2018, and the analysis of population and migration statistical results. The main approach adopted in this paper is the description-analysis method based on the analysis and field observation because of reference limitations. As a result, the village's water supply resources conversion from aqueducts (sustainable) to water wells (unsustainable), caused three periods with different texture, structural, and populations conditions. Finally, a rehabilitation plan is proposed in this paper in order to achieve optimal exploitation of agricultural lands and village's water supply resources, and modification of the continuous chain of local and regional vital elements.

Sabbat is one of the architectural elements of Iranian urban spaces, which is still found in the passages of many historic cities such as Naein. The conceptual and structural assessment of the exciting analyses about Sabbat shows that most of them are descriptive and are not provided by a clear methodological principle. However, new dimensions of Sabbat's nature is obtained in this paper by exploring Sabbat via both qualitative and quantitative analyzes in the historical context of Naein. In this research, interpretive-historical, descriptive-analytical methods, content analysis, and case studies have been used for providing a special model to analyze the Sabbats. These analyses are carried out by the historical documents and interviews about the oral history of the Sabbats, field observations. Quantitative and qualitative components have been studied separately in the neighborhoods of Naein historical context, in this study, due to more detailed study and also the importance and lack of studies in the field of physical cognition of Sabbats. The qualitative section results indicate that the construction of Sabbat and the creation of more space has made the high surface of passage more application. This space is limited to two bodies of the passage. Therefore, it belongs to the two properties which are located on both sides of the passages. By constructing and using the Sabbat, secondary, social, climatic, and defensive functions are arranged, and it is transformed from a merely covering element into a multifunctional element. The results in the quantitative section show the volumetric composition of Sabbat in the upper level of the passage has been designed in open, closed forms with opening in the facade and a semi-open with the porch in front of the closed space of Sabbat. Also, the Sabbats with east-west stretches have more shading than the north-south Sabbats.