داود حومنیان شریف ابادی

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of training interventions using the Virtual Reality (VR) approach on the proprioceptive function of elbow joints in children with hemiplegia.

Twenty boys with cerebral palsy, aged 7 to 12 years, were selected based on available sampling by referring to special schools in Tehran and were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups. Kinect Xbox 360 device (Microsoft, New York, USA) was used as a therapeutic tool for VR interventions. A gyroscope device was used to measure the elbow’s joint position sense. The experimental group participated in the VR program, but the control group continued their traditional therapy program. Paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test were used at the P<0.05 level of significance using SPSS version 18 software.

In pre-test phase, no significant difference was found in the joint position sense (t=0.07, df=18, p=0.944). In post-test phase, VR training led to better scores for the experimental group (t=2.3, df = 18, p=0.03). Based on the results of the paired sample t-test, VR training resulted in significant improvement in the joint position sense of experimental group (t=4.061, df = 9, p=0.003).

VR can be used as a suitable therapy method to improve the proprioceptive sense in hemiplegic cerebral palsy children. This type of therapy resulted in a significant improvement in the joint position sense of hemiplegic cerebral palsy children, as it lets them explore new experiences that would be difficult or dangerous for them under normal situation.

It is essential to become physically literate to develop movement skills, as the knowledge and motivation necessary to lead an active lifestyle. The aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of Canadian physical literacy knowledge and motivation questionnaires among 8-10-year-old children in Isfahan.

These questionnaires were translated using the translation–back-translation methodology into Persian and adapted to the Iranian context. A Persian version of these questionnaires was evaluated for its psychometric properties by 384 students aged 8 to 10 in Isfahan city (Iran). The construct validity of the questionnaires was determined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses based on structural equation modeling, and the internal consistency was checked using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The test-retest method determined the temporal reliability of the questionnaires.

Face validity was confirmed by five experts in the field of motor behavior. According to the obtained thresholds, the construct validity was acceptable based on the goodness of fit index. A Cronbach's alpha coefficient greater than 0.85 was obtained for the knowledge and motivation questionnaire as its dimensions. The test-retests within two weeks showed that the intragroup correlation coefficients for all five components were acceptable for both boys and girls.

Based on the results, the Persian version of Canadian Physical Literacy Knowledge and Motivation Questionnaires for 8-10-year-old children had good validity and reliability. Therefore, it is appropriate to use these tools to measure the children's physical literacy in Isfahan city.

Adolescents with autism spectrum disorder exhibit a variety of aggressive behaviors such as physical and verbal aggression. Despite the growing prevalence of this disorder, research on horse therapy is limited for these individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of eight weeks of horse therapy on the types of aggression in ASD adolescents using The Children's Scale of Hostility and Aggression – Reactive/ Proactive (C- SHARP). For this purpose, 24 adolescents with autism spectrum disorder participated in the present study using the available sampling method. Then, based on the variables of age, gender and the degree of disorder in autism, they were matched in an experimental group (n = 12) and a control group (n = 12). Each participant in the experimental group was individually treated by a trainer for eight weeks (five days in week). Changes in aggression were assessed through The Children's Scale of Hostility and Aggression – Reactive/ Proactive (C- SHARP). The results showed that the horse therapy training program had a significant effect on improving and reducing the aggressive behaviors of the experimental group compared to the control group (p <0.05). Thus, with appropriate intervention, this group of people have the opportunity to express their emotions, emotions through appropriate treatment, in a social way, so they show less aggression. As a result, horse therapy interventions can be used as an effective way to control the aggressive behavior of adolescents with ASD.

The aim of this study was to examine a model of Coach-athlete relationship quality based on coaches’ perfectionism and verifying mediating role of forgiveness and controlling behavior. in this study A total of 270 coaches completed four scales: Perfectionism, Forgiveness, Controlling Behavior, and Quality of Relationship. The proposed model was evaluated using structural equation model. Result revealed that coaches’ perfectionism negatively predicted quality relationships with their athletes. Results also revealed that coaches’ forgiveness positively predicted quality relationships but coaches’ controlling behaviors negatively predicted quality relationships toward their athletes. The results of path analysis revealed that the relationship between coaches’ perfectionism and the relationship quality toward their athletes were mediated by forgiveness and controlling behaviors, and Perfectionism was inversely (positive) related to relationship quality with the entry of these mediators. its concluded that relationship between perfectionism and quality relationships is not a simple linear one, but other variables such as forgiveness and coaching behaviors play a mediating role in this relationship.

Mental health of girls with normal body mass index (BMI) and over 30 is of particular importance. But the question is, do virtual reality games affect mental health on the mental health of girls with a BMI above 30?

To determine the effect of virtual reality games on mental health of girls with BMI and over 30 (obese).

This was a quasi-experimental study. The statistical population was all female non-literate female students of Dr. Shariati Technical and Vocational School. Twenty girls with normal BMI and 20 girls with BMI above 30 with age range of 18-20 years were selected as the sample. Each group was divided into two subgroups of control and experimental (10 persons). Tools include a General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and 6 weeks of virtual reality games with his balance sheet. Data analysis was performed using covariance analysis method.

Virtual reality games had an impact on mental health of girls with BMI above 30 (P<0/05), but virtual reality games did not affect mental health of girls with normal BMI (P<0/05).

Virtual reality games can be used to improve the mental health of girls with a BMI over 30 (obese).

The present study aims to investigate the Modeling dynamic factors affecting gross motor development milestone of 9- 12-month-old infants. The study was a descriptive- survey, that considering the type and aims of the research was considered as an applied research. To this end 283 infants were screened in regard with age and stage questionnaire. The applied measures were preparation of the home environment for the infant motor development, the parental postpartum attachment scale, Beak habitual physical activity questionnaire and General health questionnaire. Factors affecting motor activities were grouped into three sections including Individual, Environmental and Mother Factors. The related data were analyzed by independent T, MANOA, step by step regression and structural equation. The results of structural equation indicated that individual factors (0.85) has the most important effect on anticipation gross motor development, after that environmental factor (-0.42) and finally mother factor (0.15) has effects on anticipation gross milestone in 9-12 month old infants, Results of the regression showed that considering individual factors, motivation is significant and in regard with environmental factors, affordance is significant in anticipation of gross motor development milestone in 9-12 month old infants. Results of the present study were concentrated on Branfen bernner model. This model claims that development of the infants was first affected by individual and biological factors and then by the environmental factors of the infants.