دکتر محمد رسولی

Inefficient urban textures are part of the texture of cities that have stayed away from the economic life of the city because of the increase from exhaustion. In the last decade, we have seen an increase in Spatial -physical change in the cities and, after this, the inefficiency of the urban textures due to increasing urbanization. In order to tackle urban issues, planners have considered different solutions, with regeneration being the most widely accepted one. In this regard, the present research has been done with the aim of regeneration of inefficient urban textures and has tried to determine the current state of regeneration with a forward - looking approach in addition to presenting a new method for identifying inefficient urban textures and then determining possible perspectives in the regeneration of inefficient urban textures to get favorable policies. The study results have shown that the core of the city has historical textures that include neighborhoods such as Chahar bagh, Agha zaman, Chaharlan Qaleh, Ghatar chian, Mian Qaleh, and Sartpola. These areas were found to be the most inefficient part of the city and an example of unstable regeneration policies. The findings of Mic Mac show unfavorable conditions for the future of these areas, as bulldozer interventions have been carried out, destroying their texture identity without achieving the desired results for residents. It does not manage and control pollution, runoff, and sewage and does not completely provide security and comfort. As a result, we have witnessed the migration of residents and texture abandonment.

The yield of methane production in the anaerobic digestion processes of municipal organic solid waste alone is low. Adding animal waste or other additives to municipal solid waste as feed for anaerobic digestion system not only increases the relative composition of methane, but also increases the rate of biogas production (Rivas-García, 2020). Carbon and nitrogen are essential elements for the growth and reproduction of aerobic microorganisms. The balanced ratio for C/N in the process is between 20-30. Simultaneous digestion is used to balance the C/N ratio (Yousefi & Bahri. 2021). This process has many advantages, including the synergistic effect of microorganisms, increasing the stability of the process, increasing the efficiency of biogas, increasing the recycling of nutrients and reducing odor.

This research was carried out with the aim of increasing the rate of biogas production, reducing the feed retention time in the digester and increasing the amount of biogas production, by investigating the effect of co-digestion of urban solid organic waste with cow excrement using anaerobic digestion method. For this purpose, 52 samples of mixed urban waste (during the year 1400, once a week and one sample each time) were prepared from the waste transfer station of Qazvin city, and in order to investigate the effect of animal manure on the studied variables, from a cattle farm located in 50 kg of fresh manure was collected in the region. After preparing the samples, a laboratory bioreactor was used to perform the experiments. The biogas production process was carried out in two stages. In the first stage, urban waste materials were used, and in the second stage, a combination of urban waste materials and animal manure was used.

The ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C/N) in the primary feed and residual materials was obtained in the first and second stages. In this way, this ratio was estimated as 19.39 and 27.64 for the primary feed and the remaining materials in the first stage and 18.60 and 28.23 respectively for the second stage.
In this study, the amount of ash decreased during the process, which indicated the participation of this substance in improving the activity of microorganisms. In both stages of the experiments, the organic matter of the primary feed decreased during the digestion process, which indicates the decomposition of these materials during the process. Also, the conversion percentage of dry material from primary feed to secondary material in stage 1 and 2 was 8.2% and 10.5%, respectively, which shows that in the second stage, in which the combination of animal manure was used, the percentage of conversion The dry matter is more and the process has progressed towards the production of biogas.
The changes in the pressure of biogas inside the tank in the experiment related to stage 1 reached its maximum value (0.19 bar/kg) within 23 days after the start of the process, and then stabilized at 0.14 bar/kg of solid material in the last seven days. Is. Since the criterion for the completion of the digestion process was pressure stabilization in seven consecutive days, therefore, after 38 days, the first stage process was completed and the biogas and residual (secondary) materials were discharged. The maximum biogas pressure in the second stage test was 0.28 bar/kg of solid material, which was achieved on the 15th day, and finally, after 26 days, the pressure reached 0.16 and stabilized at this pressure for seven days. Therefore, the digestion process in the second stage lasted for 32 days. Therefore, it can be seen that by using animal manure in the primary feed and keeping other variables constant, the retention time has decreased by 6 days compared to the first stage.
The maximum amount of biogas produced in stage 1 was equal to 6.27 liters/kg of solid matter and in stage 2 it was equal to 10.3 liters/kg of solid matter. As can be seen, by using animal manure in combination with urban organic waste, the volume of biogas production has increased under the same conditions. Taking into account the cumulative amount of biogas production, it was found that in stage 1 and 2, 140.89 and 230 liters/kg of solid biogas were produced during the digestion period, respectively. Therefore, the efficiency of biogas production has increased by 38%. Although the total amount of biogas produced in both stages of the experiments compared to the theoretical values obtained in this study (at the rate of 370 liters/kg of solid matter) and also reported by other researchers (Salehoun, et.al, 2020 and Kozminesky , 1995) has been less.

According to the results of this study, it was found that in the second stage compared to the first stage, the role of the two elements carbon and nitrogen in the biogas production process became more effective and one should expect more biogas production in the process, because the increase in the conversion of organic matter and nitrogen is The more effective decomposition of these materials by microorganisms has been achieved by adding animal manure to the primary feed.
According to the results obtained from this study, it can be concluded that in the process of biogas production, the combination of animal manure with urban organic waste, in addition to reducing the retention time, can help to increase the efficiency of biogas production, which in this study A 38% increase in biogas production was observed in the case of using a combination of animal manure with urban organic waste compared to using only urban organic waste. Although the role of other variables such as temperature, type and amount of stirring, type of initial preparation of materials in terms of size, humidity, pH, addition of yeast and bacteria, degree of impurity and toxicity of materials, ratio of carbon to nitrogen, type and size of reactor and other examined the variables.

Worn-out textures are parts of the city that have not been developed compared to other textures and we have witnessed residents abandoning them. In this regard, the present research has aimed at recreating worn-out textures, while examining the state of damage to have an analysis of the current situation of Saqqez city, in order to determine the mental model of experts for re-creation and provide practical suggestions. The present research method was descriptive-analytical which used the JHA model to check and identify damage caused by worn-out textures and used the Q factor to analyze the mentality of experts to extract the best mental model of recreation and finally used network analysis in GIS to explain how to do it from the desired pattern. It is necessary to explain that the sample of this research was 15 people which have been selected in a purposeful way. Research findings have shown that 50% were at an unacceptable level of 16 potential hazards from worn-out urban textures in Saqqez which shows the necessity of regeneration. In this regard, the results of the analysis of the experts' mentality have shown three mental models (First commercialization, second: integrated management and urban unit, third: Supervision and control of construction) to recreate and the first model is the most important. Findings show that Center 5 has the best position by connecting with 149 population points and covering 3504 people within 10 minutes by identifying 7 prone points in worn-out areas and four competing centers to implement the commercialization model from worn-out textures in Saqqez.

The corona virus has changed the world forever in every way And has played a significant role in stopping this great social mobility (tourism), international travel, tourism demand and the hospitality industry. As even developed and strong economies have not been spared the destructive effects of fighting the virus. And they are in a serious crisis, especially in the service sector. With this necessity, the present study will seek to identify the drivers affecting the competitiveness of travel and tourism for the post-corona era. Accordingly, the present study tries To determine the competitiveness patterns of creative tourism in Zanjan city by combining Morphol and Metaswot methods. For this purpose, based on documentary studies, library, field, nine factors have been identified in 27 situations , Morphol and Metaswot software have been used to analyze future situations and Metaswot software has been used to determine the competitiveness patterns of creative tourism. It should be noted that the sample used in the present study was expert-oriented and (15) people. The results of the present study showed that the future situation of creative tourism in Zanjan was unfavorable. In this regard, the patterns of empowerment of creative tourism competitiveness in this city in the post-Corona world have been as follows: Paying attention to the city's communication facilities with other provinces and improving the city's electrical services as an inimitable factor, paying attention to the expert force and proper pricing of products to be offered to tourists as models appropriate to the tourism strategy, and finally the prevalence The corona virus, US sanctions and neglect of tourism stakeholders have been identified as threats.

In the last century, tourism and related matters have expanded And it has become a basic need and development planning from a secondary and leisure activity, Therefore, the effort of countries and regions to take the most benefit from it has created the field of competition.

The present research has tried While examining the primary factors affecting the tourism development of Zanjan province, it should also examine the importance and performance of key factors.

The current type of research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of data collection And the collection of information has been done in two forms - library and field. In this research, 92 tourism indicators have been designed in the form of three factors (economic, social-cultural, physical-spatial). and analyzed in the MICMAC environment according to experts' opinions to finally extract the most key factors And then analyze the importance-performance of key factors using the IAP model.

Research findings have shown that the distribution pattern of tourism development indicators in Zanjan province has not followed the sustainable trend And the importance-functional difference of key factors has been high.

The research results have shown that in order to realize a sustainable model of tourism in Zanjan province, the following should be prioritized; Paying attention to the educated tourism sector and using them in the tourism process, paying attention to the wants and needs of tourists and trying to fulfill their needs.

Preservation of historical textures is essential as the subject to continue life in cities, and regeneration has been proposed, focusing on tourism development as the latest and the most accepted policy for the protection and maintenance of valuable historical textures. The present research has been done with the aim of expressing the regeneration of historical textures in the central part (Nav Qala) of Saqqez with an emphasis on tourism development. The current type of research is applied in terms of purpose, and it has been descriptive-analytical in terms of data collection. First, regeneration strategies were collected in different indicators: physical-functional, Semantic-identity, and socio-economic, according to the purpose of the research, and the BWM model was used to check the superiority of strategies, determine the weight, and, finally, the amount of compatibility. Since the current research was expert-oriented, the desired sample was selected based on the targeted method (snowball), a number of 15 people. The research results have shown that the strategy of continuity communication and connection between texture spaces is placed as the priority in order to create spatial unity among the 15 specified strategies, and the identification and prioritization of suitable routes have been made for sidewalk construction (Less than ten minutes) for convenient access and more convenient for tourists to historical places. Finally, access to tourists has been provided to historical places from the three main roads of Imam Street and Jomhouri Boulevard, Mellat Street, and Fakhr Razi Street, bypassing the nearest and the best way using a network analysis model.

The main purpose of this paper is to study resilience in urban housing area of Saqqez city. The statistical population of the study includes residents of 22 neighborhoods of Saqqez that according to the results of the 2016 census, their number was 165.258 people. The research method is descriptive-analytical with emphasis on the practical aspects. That is a data collection tool through a library, field studies, urban land use map, use of statistics and censuses in 2016. First, the radius of performance of the outer physical criterion is determined by the network analysis in the GIS to perform the necessary analysis. Data on other criteria were collected using field surveys and statistical data and they were then weighted to prioritize the importance and needs of citizens in the AHP and finally we did the analysis in the Todim. The research results show that according to the resilience evaluation criteria in the housing area of the formal neighborhoods of 22 Saqqez city, neighborhoods 16, 17, 6, 19, 18 and 12, located in the southwest, part of the northeast and west of the city, have unbearable resilience. Improving the space and proper distribution of revenues is one of the most important proposals, along with greater cohesion and sense of belonging, monitoring of construction rules and regulations, access to the main thoroughfares network and creating financial incentives. The novelty of this study is in using network analysis software, builder and Todim to determine the radius of performance and ranking the resilience in urban housing area and in the neighborhoods of Saqqez city.

Problem definition: 

The need for attention has been raised more than before to the border areas and the competitiveness of these areas by entering the age of globalization. The competitiveness of border regions is an effort to eliminate unfavorable social and economic situations and protection and pay attention to the capabilities of these areas as well as the improvement of physical, natural, and artificial capitals.

The present research has been done with the aim of expressing competitiveness in Kurdistan and analysis of possible situations from future competitiveness in the province.

 The type of the current research is applied in terms of purpose and it is exploratory in terms of nature based on the future research method. Data collection has been done in both library and field methods. To express the status of indicators and extraction of key factors and scenarios from forecasting software, Mic Mac, and Scenario Wizard were used. Meta swot software was used to identify the competitiveness strategy. Qualitative data were gathered with an open questionnaire and document review and quantitative data were collected numerically which was used in the first stage from the open questionnaire for general extraction of effective factors on competitiveness. In the second stage, key factors were extracted from the weighting of Delphi questionnaires in MicMac software.

The results indicated that the competitiveness model of Kurdistan is unstable and fragile. In addition, the research coefficient has shown the realization of scenarios with unfavorable situations. The best solution for moving from unfavorable scenarios to favorable situations has been to emphasize indicators with the most success, inimitability, and compatibility with competitiveness.

The city is a complex set of physical and social spaces formed gradually over time as living beings. They always go through a life cycle in their evolution. However, it has accelerated in recent decades, and it has caused the uncontrolled expansion of cities, bottlenecks, problems, and complexities in cities. In this regard, one of the most important ways out of this situation is to identify local citizenship and, consequently, establish the city law to achieve prosperity, equality, social justice, etc. The burden of a right-based approach to the city to benefit all citizens’ equal opportunities in enjoying urban gifts. Based on this, in the present study, the desirability of urban space in realizing the right to a city in Urmia has been explained. In order to examine the significant status of the desirability of urban space in the realization of the right to the city, the priorities to pay attention to the factors of the realization of the right to the city at the level of Urmia are determined

The type of research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of data collection. Data collection has been done in both library and field forms. In this study, 44 indicators of utility in 11 dimensions (safety, security, readability, accessibility, comfort, diversity, identity, meaning, interactions, vitality, participation) and 43 indicators of the right to the city in 10 dimensions (security, communication, recreation, physical, control, decision-making, space production, organization, social inclusion, justice-transparency) in Smart PLS environment have been analyzed to examine the level of significance. In the next step, the importance-performance of utility indicators in realizing the right to the city is analyzed using the IPA model to determine the level of difference in the importance-performance of the components. It is worth mentioning that based on this, a sample of 20 experts was selected using the snowball (targeted) method. Also, to ensure the validity of the metrics, a questionnaire was sent to five expert professors, and after receiving the corrective opinions of the experts, a questionnaire was developed. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated to verify the reliability of the research data, which was reported to be over 80%.

In the method of structural equations, the validity of structures and reliability and validity are checked before analyzing the effectiveness of indicators. In the present study, all factor loadings of the research are higher than 0.4 and the minimum acceptable. Also, the reliability of the composition was more than 0.7, and (AVE) as a convergent validity index was more than 0.5. Cronbach's alpha coefficient has also been reported as one of the methods for measuring the internal consistency of the questionnaire above 0.7. Thus, based on the calculated validity and reliability, it can be concluded that the research has the appropriate number of components. Fitting with the three methods of validity of the explained variance share (R2) more than 0.4, the predictive power of the model (Q2) more than 0.25, the strength of the structural model (GOF) more than 0.4 indicates the acceptability of the implemented model. At the same time, the current findings from the IPA model indicate a mismatch between the importance and performance of the indicators because the difference in importance and performance has varied from -3.1 meeting the needs to the value of +1 traffic improvement, distribution of transportation stations, and organizing defenseless and blind spaces.

The results obtained from SMART PLS fitting with three methods of validity sharing of variance (R2), predictive power (Q2), and structural model strength (GOF) have been reported at the ideal and desirable level and indicate the confirmation of the type of utility relationship in the right to the city. However, the results of the IPA model have shown that there has been a big difference between the level of importance of utility indicators and the amount of performance performed in the city, so low priority is given to high-importance indicators, and 48% of the abundance of indicators are located in this area, while the second area (continuation of the trend), which was a chart of the relevant officials' understanding of the issue of the right to the city, 36.36% is in second place in terms of abundance. Therefore, based on the results of research on indicators that meet the needs of citizens, the possibility of the presence of society in the city (especially disabled people), responsibility, belonging, adaptation, and legalization of citizens should be given priority. In this regard, it should be noted that when successful, urban policies and programs take steps to fulfill the needs and desires of the citizens and that their interests be prioritized. For this purpose, smart urban growth policies and smart cities can be put on the agenda to meet the needs of citizens with the least cost and short time. On the other hand, e-government and smart city policies provide 24-hour and online access to services without physical presence. Considering that the city should belong to all sections of society, and all groups, regardless of age, gender, and health status, can be present in society. A safe and favorable environment must be provided for these groups; therefore, it is necessary to create a safe, favorable environment and provide urban furniture for different classes that are usable for disabled people and pay attention to urban adaptation for all groups.

A woman plays a role as a foundation in the home and society, Because on the one hand, by playing the role of a wife, mother, and proper planning, she drives away the shortcomings of motherhood from life, And it replaces spiritual values, and on the other hand, it is responsible for humanizing.

In this research, a mixed method (qualitative-quantitative) has been used, So that for the qualitative part (coding and extraction of themes) the theme analysis method was used in the MAXQDA environment, And for a small part, FMEA risk management technique has been used.

The research findings have shown that 120 expressive phrases and selective texts are organized into 25 basic themes and 6 organized themes, They are classified in relation to the position of women, Among the harms that have been identified based on the western model in the society, there are 23 risks in 5 potential effects, The risk level of all of them has been reported as obvious and serious.

By identifying and extracting the guidelines of the Supreme Leader and Imam Khomeini (RA) as(Taking role models from the prominent women of Islam, paying attention to the jihad of explanation, paying attention to the rights and responsibilities of women according to their physical and mental abilities) Risks have been reduced to an acceptable level.

Tissue engineering is a science that uses the combination of scaffolds, cells and active biomolecules to make a tissue in order to restore or maintain the function and improve the damaged tissue or even an organ in the laboratory. Artificial skin and cartilage are among the engineered tissues that have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for clinical use. Accuracy in the design and fabrication of scaffolds with ideal properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical and surface properties is very important for applications in tissue engineering. Furthermore, these techniques should be able to translate the fabricated scaffolds from potential to actual applications. Several fabrication technologies have been used to design ideal 3D scaffolds with controlled nano- and micro-structures to achieve the ultimate biological response. This review highlights the applications and ideal parameters (biological, mechanical and biodegradability) of scaffolds for various biomedical and tissue engineering applications. This review discusses in detail the various design methods developed and used to design scaffolds, namely solvent casting/particle leaching, freeze drying, thermally induced phase separation (TIPS), gas foaming. (GF), powder foam, sol-gel, electrospinning, stereolithography (SLA), fused deposition modeling (FDM), selective laser sintering (SLS), jet binder technique, inkjet printing, laser-assisted bioprinting, writing It reviews direct cell and metal-based additive manufacturing, focusing on their advantages, limitations, and applications in tissue engineering.

In order to evaluate the stability of the yield of lentil ecotypes in Qazvin province, an experiment in the form of a randomized block design was carried out in six planting dates (environment) with three replications at the soil and water conservation research station of Tehran University in Kohin rainfed lands. The results of composite variance analysis showed a significant difference between environments, genotypes and the interaction effect of genotype × environment.The analysis of additive main effects and multiplicative interaction effects (AMMI) showed that the grain yield of lentil genotypes is influenced by the environmental part of the interaction effect of genotype × environment. In the analysis AMMI of the sum of squares, 55.8% was caused by environmental effects, 27% by genotypic effects and 17.2 % were justified by the genotype × environment interaction. In the AMMI method, the FILIP 2003-9L genotype with favorable relative performance and the lowest estimate of stability value (ASV) was introduced as the most stable genotype and Sabz Pardis with the best performance and the highest estimate of stability value was introduced as the most unstable genotype. In the biplot analysis of the AMMI model, the genotype FILIP 2003-9L with favorable yield and low IPCA1 value, general stability in all conditions and Sabz Pardis genotype with the highest IPCA1, showed good private compatibility with Autumn cultivation.

The beginning of an unknown viral disease called Covid-19 in the Chinese city of Wuhan in January 2020 and its spread throughout the world in less than a few months has worried all countries and caused countless human and financial losses. The repetition of such an event in another form in the future may make the amount of damage higher and the control more complex, so cities need a new reproduction to increase resilience in cases similar to Covid-19. Therefore, the current research tries to analyze the factors affecting the post-corona reproduction of Zanjan city, as well as analyze the possible situations of the city in the future. For this purpose, 26 indicators in 4 dimensions, which were extracted based on field-library studies, were used in the Mic Mac software environment to check the location and performance of the indicators and to identify key factors. Scenario Wizard was used to extracting possible scenarios. Since the research was based on experts, the research sample of 20 people was selected by a targeted method (snowball). The research results have shown that the model of Zanjan city was vulnerable to the spread of the infectious disease Covid-19. Understanding the depth of the disaster will lead to the reproduction of cities in a favorable state so that out of 28 possible scenarios, the favorable scenarios have the highest frequency and realization coefficient.

Dilapidated urban fabrics are dilapidated areas in the urban space which involve complex social, economic and cultural issues. On the one hand, these areas have valuable residential roots with cultural-social or architectural richness. And on the other hand, due to severe wear and tear, lack of good and suitable services, accessibility and health have suffered extensive problems and damages; Therefore, while exploiting its historical-cultural values, the problems and issues in these contexts should be minimized. For this reason, the current research aims to recreate the urban decay fabrics of Sanandaj city and by emphasizing the event-oriented city model, it has tried to identify the strategies for the regeneration of the decay fabrics of the city areas. In this regard, since the current research was based on the opinion of experts, the research sample is 20 people who live in decay fabrics and were selected in a purposeful way (snowball), and for data analysis from the FME model: to identify specific damages from decay fabrics and to identify the organization solution, from the SOAR model to identify strengths-opportunity-demands and the result of the identified solution, and from ANSOFF to determine strategies Regeneration has been used in the urban decay fabrics. The research results have shown that despite the long history of Sanandaj city, 28 damages have been identified in the investigated areas (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9 and 10). It has been identified that their RPN value was more than 300 and was at an obvious risk level, according to experts, the event-oriented recreation of historical textures based on the competitiveness of tourism has been chosen as a key solution to organize the urban decay fabrics of the studied areas. Finally, some strategies have been suggested.

In order to evaluate the stability of the performance of lentil ecotypes in Qazvin province, an experiment in the form of a randomized blocks design was carried out in six planting dates with three replications at the soil and water conservation research station of Tehran University in Kohin rainfed lands. The results of composite variance analysis showed a significant difference between the environments, genotypes and the genotype × environment interaction. The results of parametric statistics analysis showed that According to the berhart and Russell method, the Pardis green genotype with the highest yield and line slope has special adaptability to Autumn planting, and the FILIP 2004-31L genotype with a line slope close to one was a desirable and stable genotype. Based on Rick's equivalence and stability variance of Shukla, FILIP 2004-31L genotype was the most stable and Sabz Pardis were the most unstable genotype .According to Plaisted Peterson parameters θᵢ, genotypes 7, 14, 5, and 6 with the lowest amount of θᵢ are more stable and in terms parameter Plaisted θ₍ᵢ₎ and genotypes 7, 14, 5,and 6 are more stable with the highest amount of GE variance. Also, according to Francis and Kanenberg CVi parameter, genotypes with low coefficient of variation of environmental variance (EV) and Average high yield seems to be the most desirable. Genotypes 4, 1, and 8 are more stable. In total, genotype 7 having a low regression deviation bi=1.04, Rick's equivalence (Wi2), and Romero's environmental variance, Peterson's plastid θᵢ is low and relatively favorable performance is considered as a stable genotype.

Rituals in a city are magnetic, And they can be effective in conversion, alliance, and bonding, and by articulating components, they increase mobility, bargaining, and overall alliance power. Through the ritual propellants of the city, instead of being a silent, undefined and unknown being, It becomes something that is made of many more parts and many more joints.. In this context, the present article tries to explain the effects of ritual tourism in Armaghankhaneh and its effects on the metamorphosis of the city. The present article is descriptive-analytical and the information required for the research has been collected through library and survey methods. In this framework, to analyze the model mental software to examine the effects, SPSS is used to express the indicators of centrifuge, dispersion, kmo and Bartlett test, and finally smart pls software to express the level of significance. The performance of the indicators is exploited. The results of the present study show a 66% effect of religious tourism in the transformation of Armaghankhaneh. In this context, religious tourism has been most effective in investing in various public-private institutions, improving job opportunities, improving urban attractiveness, favorable tourism image, improving urban services and infrastructure, and defining a new urban identity.The present article is descriptive-analytical and the information required for the research has been collected through library and survey methods. In this framework, to analyze the model mental software to examine the effects, SPSS is used to express the indicators of centrifuge, dispersion, kmo and Bartlett test, and finally smart pls software to express the level of significance. The performance of the indicators is exploited. The results of the present study show a 66% effect of religious tourism in the transformation of Armaghankhaneh. In this context, religious tourism has been most effective in investing in various public-private institutions, improving job opportunities, improving urban attractiveness, favorable tourism image, improving urban services and infrastructure, and defining a new urban identity.