رامین حاجی خانی

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex genetic, endocrine and metabolic heterogeneous disorder and the most common endocrine disease and metabolic disorder in children of reproductive age and the most important cause of infertility due to ovulation in women. There is a direct and close relationship between systemic and local inflammation and the rate of angiogenesis and PCOS. Stem TSP-1 and mice receiving letrazole and mice receiving concomitant TSP-stem cells and letrazazole were categorized and VEGF was measured by Real Time PCR and ROS by ELISA. Wistar female rats with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) had a significant increase in VEGF gene expression and tissue ROS levels compared to the control group, which was significant. The results showed a significant decrease in VEGF gene expression and ROS levels compared with PCOS mice. The highest reduction was observed in letrrazole-receiving mice with TSP-1-containing stem cells compared to the other two treatments in both VEGF and ROS. ROS and VEGF levels are associated with increased ovarian masses, and increased ovarian masses with hypoxia, androgens, insulin, and AMH may increase VEGF levels.

Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation play a role in Parkinson's disease. Antioxidants and anti-inflammatories such as polyphenol compounds and flavonoids inhibit neuronal death. The aim of the present study is the effect of xanthone and 6-hydroxyflavone in Parkinson's disease in laboratory mice. Animals are cannulated by stereotaxic surgery and unilateral injection of 6-hydroxy-dopamine is performed in the dense area of ​​the substantia nigra (SNc) of the brain. Xanthone and 6-hydroxyflavone were injected intraperitoneally. Three weeks after surgery, movement evaluations and pseudo-anxiety and pseudo-depression behaviors were performed. Counting of all the neurons in the dense area of ​​the substantia nigra was done. Injection of 6-hydroxydopamine increased the number of apomorphine rotations. Catalysis time increased. Neurons in the substantia nigra decreased. 6-Hydroxyflavone (50 and 100 mg/kg) and xanthone (100 and 200 mg/kg) reduced vertigo and catalepsy. In the elevated plus shape maze test, 6-hydroxyflavone in doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg and xanthone in doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg increased motor activity. In the forced swimming test, xanthone in doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg reduced immobility in parkinsonian rats. The number of substantia nigra neurons increased with the treatment of 6-hydroxyflavone in doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg xanthone. Xanthone and 6-hydroxyflavone improved movement disorder and catalepsy and increased the number of nerve cells in the substantia nigra. Xanthon was able to reduce depression. Probably, part of these central protective effects are mediated by the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of xanthone and 6-hydroxyflavone, which prevent cell death by reducing free radicals and inflammatory cytokines, and as a result, they improve cognitive and movement disorders.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing health concern worldwide. Unfortunately, scientists have not succeeded in finding a suitable treatment method for this disease, and more research is needed. Studies have shown that treatment with antioxidants is effective in this disease. In this study, the effect of two different antioxidants on NAFLD induced in male Wistar rats was evaluated. This study was conducted on 32 male Wistar rats weighing 200 grams, which were randomly divided into four groups of eight. Mice were fed by gavage with high-fat emulsion at the rate of 2 mg/kg for 40 days. After suffering from fatty liver, the level of interleukin-5 (IL-5) in the serum was measured and also the expression level of STAT1 gene was determined using real-time PCR. The results showed that the level of serum IL-5 in the patient group significantly increased compared to the control group, and the treatment groups with vitamin E and propolis, significantly decreased the level of interleukin-5 compared to the patient group (p < 0.05). In addition, the greatest decrease was related to the propolis group (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the level of STAT1 gene expression in the fatty liver group is significantly increased compared to the control group (p < 0.05); Whereas, after treatment with antioxidants, the expression of this gene decreased (p < 0.05). Based on the obtained results, the use of propolis and also vitamin E as natural antioxidants by reducing the inflammatory interleukin and also reducing the expression of genes effective in the formation of NAFLD, have a promising therapeutic role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Parkinson’s disease is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disease with no identified effective treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of human endometrial stem cells with the anti-inflammatory drug pomalidomide on glutathione (GSH) and serum lipids (total cholesterol,TC and low density lipoprotein, LDL)) in the Parkinson’s model in male Wistar rats. Male rats were randomly assigned to five groups (8 animals in each group) including: control, Parkinson’s, and 3 experimental Parkinson’s groups receiving stem cells, pomalidomide, and a combination of stem cells and pomalidomide. Parkinson’s was induced by injection of 6-hydroxy dopamine (concentration 6 μg) in the striatum by stereotaxic method. In the fourth week after surgery, the three experimental groups were treated with  4 mg/kg/daily of pomalidomide, 100,000  stem cells through intranasal route, and a combination of pomalidomide at a dose of 4 mg/kg/daily and 100,000 stem cells. At the end of day 28, blood samples were taken from the groups and factors were measured. The results revealed a significant increase in glutathione among the treated groups compared to the Parkinson’s group. There was also a significant decrease in glutathione in Parkinson’s group compared to the control group. Comparison between Parkinson’s group and the group treated with pomalidomide and endometrial stem cells showed a significant reduction in cholesterol. Moreover, LDL levels showed a significant decrease in LDL levels in the treated groups compared to the Parkinson’s group. Considering the improvement of the measured factors in Parkinson’s rat, allogeneic stem cells can be used as a potential source along with pomalidomide in future research for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.

Heroin is one of the most addictive drugs used among adolescents and young people in Iran. Since the use of drugs such as Heroin has detrimental effects on organs, tissues, hormones, amniotic fluid, and expression of genes affecting the mother and fetus, as well as other factors, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of methamphetamine on the amniotic sac of pregnant rat and its effects on subsequent generations. Sixty adult Wistar female rats were assigned to six groups: control group, sham group, group receiving 1 mg/kg heroin, group receiving 2 mg/kg heroin, group receiving 3 mg/kg heroin and the group receiving 4 mg/kg heroin. At the end of the experimental period, blood samples were taken from the hearts of the mice and the desired parameters such as testosterone, glucose, LH, FSH, AST, ALT, WBC, and RBC were measured. The rats were then dissected; amniotic fluid was isolated to assess the amount of carbohydrates, protein, phospholipids, fats, and urea. Finally, statistical analysis was performed. Intraperitoneal injection of heroin caused significant changes in testosterone and T.G parameters compared to the control group. However, no significant change was observed in LH and FSH levels. In addition, many changes such as weakening and thinning of the theca layer in the graph follicle, destruction of the underlying material and growing follicles following heroin use in the ovarian tissue. Moreover, increased gene expression was seen after increasing the dose of heroin.
In this study, heroin injection, even in low doses, could increase or decrease ovarian activity and oogenesis, resulting in impaired oocyte maturation and ovulation quality.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of adding thistle extract to the basal diet on sperm motility and the relative expression of Catsper gene in the testes of older broilers due to the role of this gene in normal sperm motility. A total of 50 Ross 308 broiler roosters at 47 weeks of age were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 10) and were daily feed with a basic diet containing different levels of Tribulus terrestris including: 1) 0 mg of Tribulus terrestris (control), 2) 5 mg of Tribulus terrestris (Kh-5mg), 3) 10 mg of Tribulus terrestris (Kh-10mg), 4 ) 15 mg of Tribulus terrestris (Kh-15mg), and 5) 20 mg of Tribulus terrestris (Kh-20mg) per kg of body weight for 13 weeks. All roosters were weekly sampled to assess motility of sperm. At the end of the experiment, in order to measure testosterone concentration and evaluate the expression of Catsper gene, seven roosters were randomly slaughtered from each treatment and their testes were sampled. Results showed that Tribulus terrestris feeding improved total sperm motility in Kh-5, Kh-10, Kh-15 and Kh-20 groups by about 6, 4, 3 and 5%, respectively, compared to the control group (P<0.05). Plasma testosterone concentrations were not statistically significant between treatments (P <0.05).  Relative expression of Catsper gene in roosters receiving 5 mg level of Tribulus terrestris tended to increase compared to the control group (P = 0.09); however, at doses of 10 and 15 mg of Tribulus terrestris extract showed a significant difference (P <0.05). But with a dose of 20 mg of thistle extract did not show a significant difference (P<0.05). In summary, in this study, feeding thistle extract at the level of 5 mg increased sperm motility and expression of Catsper gene (one of the genes responsible for sperm motility).

Methamphetamine is a central nervous system stimulant drug that has become very popular among adolescents and young people in recent years. Since the use of drugs including methamphetamine can have a potential effect on amniotic fluid, expression of genes can affect mother and fetus, tissues, hormones, and other factors, this study was aimed at investigating the effects of methamphetamine on the amniotic sac of pregnant rat and its effects on subsequent generations. In this study, 60 adult Wistar female rats were assigned to six groups: control group, sham group, group receiving 1 mg/kg amphetamine, group receiving 2 mg/kg amphetamine, group receiving 3 mg/kg amphetamine, and group receiving 4 mg/kg amphetamine. At the end of the experimental period, blood samples were taken from the hearts of mice and the desired parameters (testosterone, glucose, LH, FSH, AST, ALT, WBC, and RBC) were measured. The rats were then dissected; amniotic fluid was isolated to evaluate the amount of protein, carbohydrates, fats, phospholipids, and urea. Intraperitoneal injection of methamphetamine caused significant changes in the amount of biochemical parameters measured such as LH, T.G, and testosterone compared to the control group. In addition, methamphetamine did not alter FSH. With increasing methamphetamine dose, expression of HOX and TUBB8 genes decreased. The results of this study show that even at low doses, methamphetamine injection increases or decreases ovarian activity and ovogenesis, resulting in impaired ovulation quality and oocyte maturation.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder of aging that no effective treatment for this disease has been identified so far. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of human endometrial stem cells with pomalidomide as an anti-inflammatory drug on Oxygen reactive species (ROS), C-reactive protein (CRP) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) gene expression.

Forty male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (8 animals in each group) control, Parkinson's and 3 experimental Parkinson's groups receiving stem cells (100,000 cells), pomalidomide (4mg/kg/day) and a combination of stem cells and pomalidomide. Induction of Parkinson's disease was performed by injection of 6-hydroxy dopamine (concentration 6 μg) in the striatum by stereotaxic method. At the end of day 28 after treatment, blood samples were prepared from all groups and the desired factors were measured and statistically analyzed.

The results showed a significant decrease in ROS, CRP and ERK gene expression in the treated groups compared with the Parkinson's group (P <0.05). Also, the comparison of the mentioned factors between the control group and Parkinson's group showed a significant increase in Parkinson's group (P <0.05).

Considering the improvement of the measured factors in Parkinson's rats, allogeneic stem cells can be used as a potential source in future research along with pomalidomide for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

liver fibrosis has been recognized as a cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. The oxidative stress in cholestatic liver disease serves as a link between hepatic injury and liver fibrosis. Therefore, any agent that has the capacity of normalizing the oxidative damage, would be able to decrease fibrosis in a cholestatic liver. The brown Algae Nizimuddiniazanardiniiis one of the natural resources in the marine ecosystem which contains biologically active compoundsand it's anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-fungal and antioxidant effects are known.The aim of the present study was the evaluation of the effect of ethanolic extract of brown algaeNizimuddiniazanardinii on liver fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) in male rats. 54 male rats were randomly classified in nine groups (n=6): control group (intact rats), sham group (laparatomy without BDL),Nizimuddinia extract control groups (50, 100 or 200 mg/kg). BDL group, experimental treatment groups (BDL rats+ 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg Nizimuddinia). BDL increased the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, cholesterol and triglyceride, whereas it reduced the levels of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase in the liver and also reduced the serumic levels of albumin and total protein. Treatment of BDL rats with Nizimuddiniazanardiniiextract attenuated these changes. As determined by Masson’s trichrome staining, BDL markedly induced the liver fibrosis. These alterations were also significantly attenuated by Nizimuddiniazanardiniiadministration.  The results of this study indicate the hepatoprotective and antifibrotic effect of Nizimuddinia zanardiniiin the cholestatic liver. The antifibrotic effect of this brown algea likely due to the antioxidative and free radical scavenging effects of it.

Considering the role of oxidants in the pathogenesis of this disease, in this study, the effect of pycnogenol as an antioxidant on the improvement of motor function and anxiety behavior in the experimental model of Parkinson’s disease were assessed. Forty male NMRI mice were randomly divided into five groups (n=8 in each group): The control (saline) unilaterally received 3 μl of normal saline solution containing 0.1% ascorbic acid, as a solvent of 6-hydroxy dopamine (6-OHDA), into the left strianum. The treatment group received 6-OHDA toxin containing 1% ascorbic acid at a rate of 3 µg/µl in the left striatum and then received the distilled water, as pycnogenol solvent, via gavage for 7 days (the lesion group). The pycnogenol-treated groups received pycnogenol at doses of 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg via gavage for 7 days. The animals were stereotaxically operated to inject 6-OHDA toxin into the left striatum. Seven days after induction of Parkinson’s model, apomorphine was intraperitoneally used at dose of 0.5 mg/kg and the number of rotation of the animals was measured to confirm the damage to neurons in the striatum. Besides, the catalepsy or muscle stiffness by the bar test and the anxiety behavior by the plus maze test (EPM) were measured. The total number of rotations in apomorphine test showed a significant decrease in the groups receiving pycnogenol. Moreover, administration of pycnogenol significantly reduced catalepsy in pycnogenol-treated groups. The result of the anxiety behavior test demonstrated that the percentage of open arm time (OAT) and the number of open and close arm entries, as an indicator of the animal’s locomotor activity, significantly increased in the pycnogenol-treated groups. Pycnogenol with its antioxidant effect ameliorates movement deficit and reduces anxiety behavior in animal model of Parkinson’s disease..

Anxiety and depression are the most common mental illnesses. Oxidative stress is one of the causes of anxiety and depression. Lepidium sativum has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of Lepidium sativum on anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors in adult male mice. In this study, male mice weighing 30-35 g were used. First, the tested animals were treated with aqueous extract of Lepidium sativum at doses of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg for 2 weeks. At the end of the treatment period, the levels of anxiety and depression were assessed by an elevated plus maze (EPM) and forced swimming test, respectively. No significant changes were observed in any of the groups receiving Lepidium sativum extract in the time spent in the open arm, the number of entrances to the open arm and motor activity. The results of forced swimming test showed that in animals receiving Lepidium sativum extract at doses of 400 and 600 mg/kg, swimming time and immobility time were significantly increased and decreased compared to the control group, respectively (p < 0.01). The results of this study showed the modulatory effects of Lepidium sativum extract on depressive-like behaviors, but this extract had no significant effects on anxiety-like behaviors.

Parkinson's disease is one of the most common types of the neurodegenerative disease, which is characterized by the movement disorders such as slowness, lack of movement, muscle stiffness, and resting tremor, and hypophonic. The main reason of disease is the destruction of dopaminergic neurons in the Substantia Nigra in the midbrain and a decrease in dopamine concentration in the striatum terminals. In this study, used culture medium was DMEM with FBS, and the cells under study were catecholaminergic cells.6-Hydroxy dopamine toxin was used on cells to create a Parkinson cell model. Curcumin was used as a drug, and MTT, and BT methods were used to count the living cells. This research was designed to study the curcumin effect on Parkinson's disease with cellular model induced by 6-Hydroxy dopamine toxin with reduced inflammation. This study's results showed that using curcumin can increase the antioxidant power and protect the cell from damage caused by reactive oxygen species. Due to the results of MTT, and curcumin treatment due to its anti-inflammatory properties BT test also showed that cellular protection had increased, the death of aminergic catechol cells by 6-hydroxy dopamine toxin was significantly reduced. It shows the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin on the damage caused by Parkinson's disease and reducing the progression of symptoms. Treatment withcurcumin to be anti-inflammatory can reduce the death of catecholaminergic cells by 6-hydroxy dopamine toxin.

In this study, the NMRI adult male mice were anesthetized. To induce the Parkinson's animal model, a 22 gauge cannula was placed into the left Substantia Nigra pars compacta and then 6-hydroxydopamine was infused to Substantia Nigra pars compacta through a 30-gauge cannula. The group control1 received saline on the left side of the Substantia Nigra pars compacta.Then, to investigate the effect of the Naringenin, group control2 received distilled water and other groups received Naringenin via gavage for two weeks, and apomorphine induced rotation, catalepsy, and behavioral tests were assessed in all groups. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed and the percentage of the neurons on the left side of the Substantia Nigra pars compacta were calculated. In this study, in cell culture model, dopaminergic-like neurons cultured in DMEM medium were counted, and cells were used and incubated to evaluate the effect of naringinin against 6-hydroxy dopamine. Concentrations were 50 for 6-hydroxy dopamine solution and 0.25, 0.1 and 0.01 for NAR solution. Finally, cell viability was assessed using MTT and trypan blue methods.

6-Hydroxy dopamine increased catalepsy and contralateral turns compared to the control group. Naringin reduced catalapsy and contralateral turns, it reduced anxiety and depressive-like behaviours besides that it increased swimming time and locomotor activity compared to the control group.

it seems that Naringin is a therapeutic option for neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease.

Thegabaergic system is considered as the anti-anxiety system in the brain. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of GABAA and GABAB receptors in anxiety-like behaviors caused by lipopolysaccharides in male mice. In this test,mice were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (0.2 mg/kg), then injected with either muscimol (0.05, 0.1 or 0.2 µg/mouse), bicuculline (0.25, 0.5 or1 µg/mouse), baclofen (1, 2 or 4 µg/mouse) or CGP (0.2, 0.4 or 0.8 µg/mouse) 2 hours later and received intraventricular Celebrex. Five minutes after intraventricular injection, a dark and light box test was performed. The results of this study showed that musimol significantly reduced anxiety-like behavior in the LDB test (p < /em> < 0.05). The results of this study showed that musimol significantly reduced anxiety-like behavior in the LDB test (p < /em> < 0.05). However, the administration of musimol and LPS did not significantly change the animal’s anxiety-like behavior (p < /em> ≥ 0.05). Different doses of bioculin and LPS significantly increased the anxiety-like behavior in the LDB test (p < /em> < 0.05). Baclofen and CGP alone and with LPS did not significantly change the animal’s anxiety-like behavior on the LDB test (p < /em> ≥ 0.05). Celebrex injection after LPS relieved the anxiety-like behavior caused by LPS injection. In general, it can be claimed that anxiety-like behaviors in animals receiving LPS may be due to inhibition of GABAA and GABAB receptors and increase in the level of inflammatory factors in brain tissue.

Long lasting exposure to ethanol causes reversible impairment of learning and memory. Gut microbiota imbalance is linked to the neurological disorders. Recent studies indicate that probiotic consumption can relief learning and memory deficit. This study aimed to investigate the effect of probiotic supplementation with intragastric gavage on behavioral and electrophysiological aspects of learning and memory in ethanol exposed animals.

In this study, 4 groups including control (CON) and probiotic administered (C+P) groups, the group receiving chronic ethanol (CE) and CE animals receiving probiotic (E+P) were entered the study. The passive avoidance shuttle box test and in vivo electrophysiological experiment were carried out to assess hippocampal baseline filed excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) and long term potentiation (LTP).

Results showed that ethanol impaired memory in the CE rats. It also diminished the slope size of fEPSPs and prevented LTP induction in these animals. The probiotic supplementation improved the behavioral performance in the C+P rats but it did not influence synaptic transmission in this group.

Behavioral but not electrophysiological aspect of cognition cane be sensitive to the probiotic treatment in the ethanol exposed animals.

Quenzim Q10 (CoQ10) is a benzoquinone compound soluble in androgen lipid found in most tissues of the body. CoQ10 has a potent antioxidant activity and neutralizes free radicals. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CoQ10 as a potent antioxidant and free radicals neutralizer on reproductive disorders, sexual behaviors, anxiety, and depression in male rats. In this study, small male rats (weight range of30-35 g) were used. At first, the animals under study passed a two-week treatment period. The adult male rats were treated with doses of 200, 300, 400 mg/kg of CoQ10 for two weeks. Then the effects of the given treatment were studied in the physiologic section. After the end of the treatment period, the sexual behaviors were assessed in the control group and treated groups by sexual behavior test. Then, the anxiety and depression levels in adult male rats were assessed using EPM and forced swimming tests, respectively. The findings of this study showed that the prescription of CoQ10 alone did not have a significant effect on sexual behaviors, depression, and anxiety in male rats.

Oxidative stress which is responsible for pathophysiology of hypertension, causes decrease in total antioxidant capacity. PON 1 is an antioxidant enzyme present on the surface of HDL also which is responsible for prevention of HTN and it’s complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the Effect of Isosorbide and Garlic Supplementation on Protein levels and Gene expression of PON1 at the Heart tissue in Female rats with hypertension After a period of aerobic training.

In the experimental study,30 female Wistar rats weighing 180-220 g were randomly divided into 8 groups: healthy control, sham, blood pressure induction (Hyper), garlic, endurance training, endurance training -garlic. The rats suffered from hypertension of 6 days a week for 8 weeks after dietary period and 10 mg/kg body weight L_NAME injection. Experimental groups received 50 mg/kg body weight garlic supplement for six weeks.The endurance training program was performed at speeds of 20-30 m/min and 20 to 35 minutes, 5 sessions per week for 6 weeks. Protein levels and expression of PON1 heart tissue were measured using ELISA kit and Real Time PCR. Data were analyzed by t-test, One-way ANOVA and post hoc tokey at the significant level P<0.05.

The results showed that there was no significant difference between the mean protein and the expression of paraoxonase-1 in the heart tissue of the female rats with hypertension in the different groups of the study (P> 0.05).Also, there was no difference between the levels of protein paraoxonase-1 heart tissue in different groups than the group of blood pressure induction (P> 0.05).

According to the findings, it seems to that the inadequacy of the training period (frequency and intensity of exercise) and the dose rate of Garlic Supplementation can be one of the possible causes of ineffectiveness in the present study.

Parkinson's disease is one of the most common types of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by motor disorders such as slow motion, lack of movement, muscle stiffness, resting vibrations, and facial masks. The main cause of the disease is the destruction of dopaminergic neurons in the compact part of the substantia nigra in the middle cerebrum, which is associated with a decrease in dopamine concentration at the terminals of corpus striatum. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of coenzyme Q10 on the 6-hydroxydopamine-induced animal model (PD). To create a mock-up model of Parkinson's disease, 6-HDOP poison five μg/kg of mice body weight was injected into the Substantia nigra nucleus in adult NMRI mice. The accuracy of the Parkinson's model in mice was confirmed using catalepsy and apomorphine-induced rotation tests. Immediately after surgery, the Parkinsonian mice were treated with water (solvent Q10) with doses of 25, 50, and 100 Coenzyme Q10 for two weeks and then were subjected to behavioural tests and the neurons of the substantia nigra nucleus was counted. The results indicate that treatment with Q10 significantly reduced the immobility time and Catalepsy, increased motor activity and decreased apomorphine rotation, indicating the protective effects of Coenzyme Q10 against Parkinson's Disease Damage.

Some of Aspergillus species are potential generators of aflatoxin that is a mycotoxin with carcinogenic and teratogenic effects. Animal feed contaminated with Aspergillus species produce aflatoxin, and transfer it to milk and dairy products that cause animal and human health problems. The aim of this study was to isolate any potential aflatoxinogen of animal feeds from farms area in the Shahr Ghods – Shahriar districts
In this study, 394 cattle feed from 41dairy farming in Shahr Ghods – Shahriar districts in autumn, 2014, were randomly selected and they were tested for contamination with potentially aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus by PCR. Isolated Aspergillus from animal feed, by smear and culture, were examined by microscopic and macroscopic and then by molecular method. PCR method used in the presence of primers AFLR, Omt1, FLA1, Nor1, and Par1 to identify potential toxin generating Aspergillus.
The results of study showed 42 cattle feed contaminated with 8 species Aspergillus flavus by PCR which could potentially produce aflatoxin.
The results showed that the dairy farming in Shahr Ghods – Shahriar districts were contaminated with Aspergillus flavus.

Contact increasing of living creatures to electromagnetic felds cause concerns about feld interaction with physiological function of organisms. This survey has done on female and male mice. And, it examined effects of exposure of EMF (1 hour in day, for 7 days) and sexuality on acute pain induced by tail immersion test using 52C ̊ hot water. Results of several experiments reveal, apart from sexuality, EMF had a same decreasing effect on mice’s pain threshold. In conclusion, the results showed that the EMF has the antinociceptive effects on the acute pain threshold

Although numerous factors participate in pain sensation, effcient studies have never been done on these factorsyet. Among these factors modifying effect of Electro Magnetic Field (EMF) on both intensity and duration of painsensation is undeniable.This study has been done on two groups of mice In order to investigate the effect of electromagnetic felds on visceralpain. The frst group were exposed to EMF (one hour in a day for 7 days), where as the second group weren’t. Bothgroups were treated with the acetic acid Intra-Peritoneally for measurement of visceral pain separately.The results revealed that Exposure of mice to electromagnetic feld led to in signifcant and considerable reductionof visceral pain sensation. Understanding the mechanisms creating analgesic effects of electromagnetic feldsrequires further studies.

In order to study and evaluation of production and defecation of Eimerial oocysts in experimental coccidiosis at Arbor Acres broilersn, 20 one-day old male chickens of Arbor Acres strain were chosen and divided accidently into two control and challenge groups. The OPG quantitation test was performed on the chickens feces in both groups on the 10 and 21st days of their breeding period to make sure whether they are infected or not. Then, chickens of challenge group were inuculated with a dosage of 100000 of the mixed oocyst of 4 species including Eimeria maxima, Eimeria tenella, Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria necatrix in 100? solution at the twenty-first day of their breeding period. From the fourth day after Eimerial challenge, samples of the chickens feces were taken from their cages for 10 consecutive days. The number of oocysts were quantitateded by Mac master method. The OPG was zero for the control group on all days of sampling such as we expected, which is indicative of the appropriate qualitative control of the experiment process. In the challenge group,we see increasing process of OPG in days of 4-7 post challenging and the pick level of OPG was seen at seventh day after challenging.From day8 to 9, decreasing of OPG was happened, this decreasing continue with mild,fast and mild process to day of 13, respectively.

This study has been performed on ten quintet groups of mice. In fact, the role of adrenergic system on the effectof EMF on acute pain sensation has been examined treating with four drugs (yohimbine, xylazine, propranololand salbutamol). The animals were divided into two groups, the frst group were exposed to EMF (one hour in aday for 7 days), whereas the second group weren’t exposed to EMF. Both groups were treated with the drugs (IP)separately.The results revealed that Yohimbin (α2 Blocker) decreased and Xylazine (α2 Agonist) increased the analgesic effect of EMF on chronic pain but Propranolol (β1, β2, β3 Blocker) and Salbutamol (β2 Agonist) didn’t show anysignifcant different in analgesic effect of EMF on acute pain.In conclusion we can say that the EMF has the antinociceptive effect on the chronic pain threshold via adrenergicsystem.

Numerous neurotransmitters are responsible for in sensation and process of pain in the nervous system. But therole of cholinergic system has not been properly studied. Thus in order to study the cholinergic antagonistic effectsin pain, the effect of atropine (10 mg/ kg/IP) on chronic pain, has been studied on male and female mice byintraplantar injection of 2.5% formalin (Formalin test).The results obtained indicated that male mice treated by atropine had a higher pain threshold in comparison tothe reference group. In the meantime, this test in the female reference group showed a significant increase in thethreshold of pain. No Significant difference has been shown between male and female experimental groups.The findings of this research indicated that anticholinergic compounds, such as atropine can reduce chronic pain.