رامین علیزاده

Qais ibn Sa'd ibn Ibadah Ansari is one of the companions of the Prophet (PBUH) (and one of the companions of Imam Ali) (AS) and Imam Hassan. No date has been mentioned for his birth; He was a teenager and had honors during the time of the Prophet, such as: the servant of the Prophet, the head of law enforcement and the bearer of the Ansar flag in some battles, which shows his closeness and companionship with the Prophet during the caliphate of Imam Ali (AS). , Is one of the first people who pledged allegiance to him and was one of the companions of the Imam in the battles of Jaml, Safin and Nahrawan. He held various positions in the period of Imam Ali (AS). Finally, after the peace of Imam Hassan (AS), he settled in Medina and died at the end of Mu'awiyah's rule. The period of Imam Ali (as) and after him has been studied. Studies have shown that Qais and his family were among the main pillars of Islam during the time of the Holy Prophet (pbuh) and After his death and during the time of Imam Ali (as), he showed great courage and efforts in strengthening Islam and remained true to his covenant until the end.

Among the cities of the Arabian Peninsula, Yathrib has a good living situation compared to other cities due to its favorable geographical conditions. However, the rivalry between the Jews and the Aws and Khazraj on the one hand and the internal challenges between the Aws and the Khazraj on the other, had faced the people of this land with deep intellectual, cultural and political challenges. To be able to save them from the current situation was one of the aspirations of both groups. The central question of the present study is what internal factors led to the invitation of the people of Yathrib from the Prophet to emigrate to this city? The hypothesis is that the political challenges to gaining the presidency and awareness of the people of Yathrib through the news of the Jewish people from the resurrection of the Prophet were among the reasons for inviting the people of Yathrib to the Messenger of God. The present study is based on library resources and descriptive-analytical method.

Today, social business is known as an effective and sustainable solution in the economic and social development of countries and is attracting the attention of wider sections of society every day. How to finance is one of the strategic issues in advancing social businesses to start and manage these businesses. In this study, using the qualitative research method, the factors affecting the financing of social businesses through the banking industry have been identified and categorized. By conducting interviews with banking industry experts in 1999, a total of 15 interviews were selected using snowball sampling. Twenty-four main categories were identified based on the data paradigm model of the foundation and structured in six dimensions. Income generation, legal obligations of banks and financial innovation, investment and competitive environment in the banking network as "causal conditions", characteristics of the firm, political laws and sanctions as "interfering conditions", informal institutions in the banking network, place of supply Finance in banking policies, environmental constraints, knowledge and expertise of bank employees as "underlying conditions", social mechanisms of value creation, agile banking executive system, implementation of integrated banking control and supervision system, attracting investors, selling shares to Title "interactive dimension", individual entrepreneurial capacity, business platform, sustainable social business, maximizing benefits as a "pivotal phenomenon" and ... Finally, based on the analysis of the extracted data and the inference of the results by the researcher, the financing model of social businesses was extracted through the banking industry.

Nowadays, a bank is considered as a significant institution, a financial and economic organization where the absence of effective regulatory systems can provide a platform for abuse and widespread offense that have brought inappropriate social and economic consequences to the community; it may affect not only the entire banking system of a country but also the entire global financial system. In this article, we will discuss the four concepts of banking crime and corporate governance, the principles of corporate leadership for prevention, the effects of principles of corporate leadership on the prevention of the banking crimes and the application of corporate leadership principles in Iran.

Criminal law on the banking crimes constitutes a part of the crimes and penalties in support of the economic order against abuses and illegitimate possessions which are largely jobbery or cause damage to the economic system. Corporate governance is a structure that includes a set of relationships between company management, the board of directors, stakeholders and other beneficiaries in which the objectives of the organization are explained and defined as the necessary means for achieving the objectives and supervision of the units’ performance. The earliest and first concept of the corporate governance taken from the Latin word "Gouberance" means guiding, which is commonly used to navigate the ship.

In this study, we use descriptive and analytical methods based on library resource. We also use case-by-case judgment from the Iranian Court.

One can refer to Basel's standards as the soft resources of corporate banking governance. Basel's Standards anticipate international banking rules for better banking activity and risk prevention, which are presented as recommendations. Basel's fourteen principles, released in 2010, have recently been reviewed in October 2014. In these fourteen principles, in addition to preventive mechanisms such as the system of rewarding managers, disclosure and transparency, employee reporting systems to the board of directors, the way to select the board members, etc., specific bank roles have also been predicted or strengthened which is for prevention of crimes. For examples, we can mention the role of chief risk officer (CRO) and chief channel officer (CCO).
The prevention of bank embezzlement by establishing corporate governance systems is of paramount importance. The occurrence of this crime necessarily involves a series of crimes and offenses, including false accounting, one-sided audits and supervision, and collusion between managers and employees that provides a setting for committing crimes. Effective governance of corporate governance systems in the country's banking network can easily limit the scope of this crime and pay more attention to preventing aspect rather than punishing severe executions and imprisonment for their perpetrators.
The displacement and so-called cleaning of these illegitimate funds by the bank's network can generate a variety of corruption in the direction of hidden revenues and further strengthen the productive and illegitimate infrastructure. Therefore, the formulation of anti-money laundering regulations in the banking system of the country (quite seriously and operationally) and, more importantly, its principled implementation, is one of the essential requirements that should be in line with the strengthening of the corporate governance of the Iranian banking system. Therefore, it is imperative that the corporate governance institution, or in other words, Corporate Leadership in the interests of transparency, accountability and justice and observance of operating rules, in order to prevent bank offenses.In the current situation, the Central Bank of Iran is structurally subordinated to the level of authority in order to impose corporate governance regulations in banks, and thus to respond to the consequences of monetary policy.Obviously, with the establishment of corporate governance in the country's banking system, instead of adopting a criminal law approach by the legislator, a crime prevention approach has to be taken that has not paid special attention to the Iranian legal system. There is no doubt that criminal law should not be relied upon as long as it is possible to predict appropriate legal systems to prevent the occurrence of crimes in the banking sector.In fact, corporate governance is a regulatory tool used by economic entities, especially financial institutions, to monitor activities and to achieve goals such as accountability, transparency, justice, and respect for stakeholders' rights. And in fact, determines the structure by which the goals of the organization are formulated and the means for achieving these goals and monitoring the performance are specified.In this regard, the philosophy behind the formation of the Basel Committee in response to a global need for cooperation in the field of banking supervision, including the provision of regulatory guidelines and recommendations, encourages convergence in the use of banking standards and practices in countries with the aim of providing health and safety of the banking sector. In fact, corporate governance follows a unique approach as a mechanism for protecting values ​​and business relationships. This mechanism is in full compliance with business codes, codes of ethics, code of conduct, ethical charter, and ... as well as local corporate laws and commercial laws.

Corporate social responsibility (banks) is one of the important banking system issues which one of its effects is preventing banking crimes. Implementation of social responsibility principles and disciplines is of high importance in banks. Actually, “social responsibility’ pattern is a managerial expression, when exercising, crimes and banking crimes reduction is one of its functions. Actually CSR or corporate social responsibility is commitment of business sector for cooperating in sustainable economic development through working with staff, family and society for improving the quality and in this regard ISO 26000 and equator principle in 10 articles following social standardization of banks which today are accepted by 68 international banks, could be referred to. Therefore, in fact corporate social responsibility or CSR is a managerial discussion which entered into law, as well. Since it is a prevention mechanism and could be used in banking laws, as well. Prevention system caused by corporate social responsibility also is a self-regulation mechanism which is considered as one of the most important noncriminal techniques. In this paper, there is an attempt to study its role in preventing banking crimes through descriptive-analytical method aiming to express social responsibility.

One of the prominent features of ethics is to prevent conflict and tension in society and between individuals, and when ethics exist in society, some abnormalities in society will be eliminated. Ethics are also important in business relationships and will promote business prosperity, trust, honesty and goodwill, and economic transactions will result in a healthy and reassuring environment. The question posed in this study is: Is business ethics effective in preventing bank crimes? In order to answer this question, the function and role of business ethics has been examined. In this paper, a descriptive-analytical research method with a pick-up tool in which a new model of prevention in law is explained.

Business ethics is a normative science that improves and promotes business transactions and is one of the business transactions that should be conducted in a crime-free environment and because of business ethics as a police business relationship or the police business relationship is mentioned, so if you institutionalize it in banks, you can prevent many bank crimes and see the economic health of the business. In fact, business ethics as a new model of banking law has a special place, the most objective presence of ethics in the business world is the same set of codes of conduct.

So that the judicial authorities should also crime and punishment, the offender and character, financial position, and in this regard special attention to the family or community punishment and in particular the call for non-criminal penalties alternative is paying special attention. The importance of this issue in paragraph 6 of Article 81 of the Law criminal prosecution 1958 France and Articles 40 to 95 of the penal code legislation was approved in 1392 is considered. This article is an attempt to establish the position of “non-criminal responses instead of answering criminal” has been done. If the decision is that the responses would be appropriate culture necessary measures to be carried out in the community and the courts.

Corporate social responsibility (banks) is one of important banking system issues which one of its effects is preventing banking crimes. Implementation of social responsibility principles and disciplines is of high importance in banks. Actually, “social responsibility’ pattern is a managerial expression ,when exercising ,crimes and banking crimes reduction is one of its functions. Actually CSR or corporate social responsibility is commitment of business sector for cooperating in sustainable economic development through working with staff, family and society for improving the quality and in this regard ISO 26000 and equator principle in 10 articles following social standardization of banks which today are accepted by 68 international banks, could be referred to. Therefore, in fact corporate social responsibility or CSR, is a managerial discussion which entered into law, as well. Since it is a prevention mechanism and could be used in banking laws, as well. Prevention system caused by corporate social responsibility also is a self-regulation mechanism which is considered as one of the most important noncriminal techniques. In this paper, there is an attempt to study its role in preventing banking crimes through descriptive-analytical method aiming to express social responsibility.