رحیمه پورحیدر

The present study was conducted with the aim of examining the relationship between job performance and Social Undermining among elementary school teachers.

This research falls within the category of library studies and utilizes a descriptiveanalytical approach based on the findings extracted from theses.

The results of this study indicate that based on the research conducted in the field of job performance and Social Undermining among elementary school teachers, there is an inverse relationship between job performance and Social Undermining . In other words, as the level of Social Undermining among teachers increases, their job performance decreases. This finding suggests that the presence of Social Undermining in the work environment of elementary school teachers can have a negative impact on their job performance.

Therefore, it can be concluded that there is an inverse relationship between job performance and Social Undermining among elementary school teachers. This means that with an increase in Social Undermining , the job performance of teachers decreases. Hence, in order to enhance the job performance of elementary school teachers, it is necessary to strengthen the work environment by creating a positive organizational culture and reducing Social Undermining .

The growth and development of any country depends on its education and teachers are an important factor affecting this progress.. This research was an applied research in terms of the aim and regarding data collection was correlation. The data analysis method is path analysis type.The statistical population were all senior high-school teachers in Urmia city that between them 306 teachers were selected as research sample by utilizing Morgan table and proportionate stratified random sampling technique. Tools of this research included researcher-made questionnaire for appraisal the performance of teachers)Pourheydar&etal,1398), job enthusiasm (Schaufeli&Baker,2003), organizational trust (Skut & Rader,2003) and learning enjoyment (pekran,2005), job autonomy(Fridman,1999). The content validity, confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis for validity of instrument were tested, and confirmed. Reliability of instruments were confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha test. According to findings tested model is fitness. Mediating role of teachers performance appraisal in relationship between learning enjoyment, job enthusiasm with job autonomy and organizationa l trust was confirmed. In order to creat e learning enjoyment in students and job enthusiasm in teachers we can develop teachers job autonomy and creat e a climate of trust in the school while accurately appraisal their performance.

The purpose of this study was to analyse the role of teachers performance appraisal in school effectiveness with mediating role of job enthusiasm, justice perception and organizational trust. . This research was an applied research in terms of the aim and it was descriptive correlational of causal type research in terms of method The statistical population were all senior high-school teachers) 831) in Urmia city among them 306 teachers were selected as research sample utilizing Morgan table and proportionate stratified random sampling technique. Tools of this research included researcher-made questionnaire for appraisal the performance of teachers, an abridged questionnaire of school effectiveness (Baldwin,1995) standard questionnaire of justice perception (kolcoit, 2001), job enthusiasm (salanova, Schaufeli,2003) , trust (Skut, Rader,2003), and. The content and construct validity and reliability of instruments were tested and confirmed by using experts opinion, confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha test.Path analysis method was used to test the model. SPSS 25 and LISREL 9/2 were two statistical soft-wares to serve the purpose of data analysis. Findings illustrated that there was not significant relationship between school effectiveness and teacher performance appraisal. Significant relationship between justice perception and teacher performance appraisal was not confirmed. Also the mediating role of job enthusiasm and trust in relationships of school effectiveness and teacher performance appraisal were confirmed. In order for schools to be effective it is necessary to increase teachers’ enthusiasm by accurately evaluating their performance and allocating rewards, and to create an atmosphere of trust in the schoolThe purpose of this study was to analyse the role of teachers performance appraisal in school effectiveness with mediating role of job enthusiasm, justice perception and organizational trust. . This research was an applied research in terms of the aim and it was descriptive correlational of causal type research in terms of method The statistical population were all senior high-school teachers) 831) in Urmia city among them 306 teachers were selected as research sample utilizing Morgan table and proportionate stratified random sampling technique. Tools of this research included researcher-made questionnaire for appraisal the performance of teachers, an abridged questionnaire of school effectiveness (Baldwin,1995) standard questionnaire of justice perception (kolcoit, 2001), job enthusiasm (salanova, Schaufeli,2003) , trust (Skut, Rader,2003), and. The content and construct validity and reliability of instruments were tested and confirmed by using experts opinion, confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha test.Path analysis method was used to test the model. SPSS 25 and LISREL 9/2 were two statistical soft-wares to serve the purpose of data analysis. Findings illustrated that there was not significant relationship between school effectiveness and teacher performance appraisal. Significant relationship between justice perception and teacher performance appraisal was not confirmed. Also the mediating role of job enthusiasm and trust in relationships of school effectiveness and teacher performance appraisal were confirmed. In order for schools to be effective it is necessary to increase teachers’ enthusiasm by accurately evaluating their performance and allocating rewards, and to create an atmosphere of trust in the school

The purpose of this study is to validate the teacher performance appraisal questionnaire. Regarding the objectives, operational research method was applied. It was a quantitative method of exploratory design with construction approach. The statistical population were all senior high-school teachers (831) in urmia city in academic year 2018-19 among them 306 teachers were selected as sample utilizing Morgan table and proportionate stratified random sampling technique. This questionnaire is designed based on Danielson ‘s effective teaching framework and Stronge’s professional competencies. (its dimensions included teacher prerequisites, professional responsibility, planning and preparation, organization and classroom management, teacher’s personal characteristics, education or teaching. Validity of the questionnaire were confirmed by confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis . In exploratory factor analysis , parallel analysis was used to determine the number of factors and promin rotation was used to achieve a simple structure of factors. Reliability of the questionnaires were obtained by using Cronbach’s alpha test. The values of Alpha coefficients for this questionnaire equaled: 0/86 that was confirmed. Values of Cronbach’s alpha obtained for each dimension indicate internal consistency SPSS and LISREL were two statistical soft-wares to serve the purpose of data analysis. Loding of scale items and goodness of fit indexes obtained during confirmatory factor analysis indicate that the data of this study have a good fit with the factor structure of this scale . This questionnaire can be used to appraisal the performance of teachers in schools. Also this tool in the inservice education of teachers can be utilized

Nowadays the role of human resources and attitudes of personnel are very essential in gaining achievements and competitive advantage. In this regard, paying attention to the morale and perceptions of employess plays a vital role. promoting organizational justice perception and job enthusiasm are the challenges for managers to achieve the goals of organization, so the purpose of this research was study the mediating role of performance evaluation in relationships between organizational structure and job autonomy with organizational justice perception and job enthusiasm.This research was an applied research in terms of the aim and it was descriptive correlational research in terms of method. The statistical population of this study consists of all the senior high-school teachers in urmia city in academic year 2018-19 which were about 831 individuals (137 teacher from educational district 1 and 169 teacher from educational district 2) . 306 individuals were selected by morgan table and stratified random sampling method. Data collection tools were researcher-made questionnaire for evaluating the performance of teachers(its dimensions included teacher prerequisites, professional responsibility, planning and preparation, organization and classroom management, teacher’s personal characteristics, education or teaching. and standard questionnaire for organizational structure (Rabins, Ivanowich,1989, its’ dimensions included centralization, complexity,officialism), justice perception questionnaire (kolcoit,2001, its dimensions included distribution justice,procedural justice, informational justice, interpersonal justice.), job enthusiasm questionnaire (salanova, Schaufeli,2003, its’ dimensions included: power, commitment, absorption.), teacher autonomy questionnaire (Fridman,1999, its’ dimensions included: creating school identity, teaching and achievement evaluation , parent participation ). Validity of the questionnaire were confirmed through using experts opinions, confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis . Reliability of the questionnaires were obtained by using Cronbach’s alpha test. The values of Alpha coefficients for the questionnaires equaled: teacher performance evaluation= 0/86 , organizational structure= 0/77, organizational justice perception= 0/81,job enthusiasm= 0/89 , teacher autonomy= 0/79 therefore all of the values were approved.Based on skewness and kurtosis obtained from descriptive, statistics distributions of variables were normal.The conceptual model’s of research proposed had desired fitness. (AGFI=0/92 ,X2/df=1/78, RMSEA=0/06, CFI=0/97, GFI=0/9).The results of the correlation matrix of the research variables cleared that path analysis can be applied to study and test the conceptual model. SPSS and LISREL were two statistical soft-wares to serve the purpose of data analysis. Findings illustrated that the mediating role of performance evaluation in relationships of organizational structure and job autonomy with organizational justice perception and job enthusiasm were confirmed. (There were significant relationship between job autonomy and teacher performance evaluation(β=0/29)., between organizational structure and teacher performance evaluation(β=0/31, between teacher performance evaluation and job enthusiasm (β=0/26), between teacher performance evaluation and organizational justice perception(β=0/19). There was significant direct relationship between job autonomy and job enthusiasm.(β=0/27). Also, significant direct relationship between organizational structure and organizational justice perception was confirmed(β=0/46). Therefore job autonomy and organizational structure were indirect predictors of job enthusiasm and organizational justice perception, .job autonomy and teacher performance evaluation were predicted a total of 18% of job enthusiasm variance. organizational structure and teacher performance evaluation predicted a total of 31% of organizational justice perception variance. organizational structure and job autonomy explained a total of 20% of teacher performance evaluation variance. To promote job enthusiasm and organizational justice perception, managers should promote job autonomy and reduce centralization and complexity of organizational structure and pay more attention to performance evaluation. Creating enthusiasm and motivation in employees can be done by a proper performance appraisal and reward system. Managers need to pay attention to the self-control and self –monitoring aspects of employees and reduce strict control through rules and regulations. The participatory , supportive and supervisory role of the association of parents and teachers should be strengthened as a non-profit,non-governmental civic organization, and its results should be used to improve the performance of teachers. principals can use teachers participation (self- evaluation) in order to enhance the evaluation quality and creat. organizational justice perception.Also , it is recommended to apply various approaches in teacher performance evaluation including evaluation by principles, colleagues, students and parents.This might be very effective in designing a service compensation system.Decreasing the hierarchical orders and generating informal and effective communications among teachers and principal causes teachers feel more commitment and attachment to school and their instructional tasks and also makes the external boundaries of school more permeable to responsiveness. The relation among school and the community should be prioritized through various actions such as school- home relations. Managers should look for the pros and cons of evaluation and help teachers be the best in their careers, rather than focusing on mistakes, .This way , they exploit evaluation as an incitant and take advantage of its supportive supervision role. Due to students’ differences in the abilities ,needs, interests, intelligence and skills , teachers can benefit from job autonomy as a vital factor in their instructional tasks. Principals can deligate teachers and with through this way promote job satisfaction, professional competence, increase self- confidence and enthusiasm in teachers .Courses for principals on how to evaluate performance leads to a accurate and logical evaluation approaches which will in turn lead to justice perception enhancement in teachers. This research faced limitations such as the large number of data collection tools, non-longitudinal research, use one type of tool(questionnaire) limitations on generalization of results. It is suggested that officials should consider more job autonomy for teachers in setting guidelines. it is also recommended that principals avoid strict regulations in their schools. Teachers performance evaluation and the service compensation system should be applied properly too.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural relationship between organizational trust, professional ethics, organizational structure and school effectiveness with mediating role of teachers’ performance evaluation. Research method was practical and structural equations model. The statistical population were all senior high-school teachers in Urmia city in the academic year of 2018-19 that between them utilizing Krejcie and Morgan table and proportionate stratified random sampling technique 306 teacher were selected as research sample. For data collection the researcher-made questionnaire for evaluating the performance of the teachers, the standard questionnaire of the structure, professional ethics, trust and an abridged questionnaire of school effectiveness were used. The construct validity and reliability of the instruments were tested and confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha test; respectively. SPSS 22 and AMOUS 22 were two statistical soft-wares to serve the purpose of data analysis. The results showed that the standard coefficients of structure to effectiveness (0/47), trust to effectiveness (0/35), professional ethic to effectiveness (0/08) and performance evaluation to effectiveness (0/16) paths were significant. As well as bootstrap test  results demonstrated that trust, structure, professional ethics to effectiveness by mediating of performance evaluation indirect paths were significant. According to these findings performance evaluation can effect on the relationship between trust structure, professional ethic and effectiveness.

This s tudy tries to investigate the relationship between mental health and internal factors among public health students in Urmia Medical Sciences University. Internal factors of the university are studied in three dimensions as cultural, educational and welfare factors. The statistical population included all BSc. degree female students of Public Health faculty in Urmia Medical Sciences University. From 5 00 individuals, 220 students were chosen based on Morgan table and random sampling. The research method is descriptive – correlation al one. For data collection, two types of questionnaires on Goldberg general health and internal factors of university have been used. T heir reliabilities were estimated by Cronbach's alpha to be 0.84 and 0.82. Data analysis is performed by SPSS software, using descriptive and inferential statistics such as Pearson correlation and regression. The results show that between the quality of work life and optimized performance is a positive correlation (qua Fair pay with r=0.117), Safe working environment with r=0.119, Provid ing promotion opportunities with r= 0.279, and Social ties with r= 0.223 which are related to improvement of performance. Therefore, it is recommended to the administrators of the universities to pay more attention to the quality of employees working life in order to achieve optimal performance. The main findings include d that there are significant correlation between the cultural, educational and mental health among female students. Also, results of the regression test show ed that only counseling facilities could estimate mental health, so administers should pay more attention to the cultural, educational and welfare factors.

In today's competitive era, improvement of performance could provide a better situation for the survival and improvement of the organizations. The role of universities as science sources, is very important, and the quality of work life among other factors can play an important role in the workplace. Therefore, the present study tries to investigate the relationship between quality of life work and improvement in the performance of employees of the organization. The statistical population included all employees of Public Health faculty in Urmia Medical Sciences University in which 50 individuals based on Morgan table participated. For data collection, two types of questionnaires have been used for quality of working life and improving performance. Their reliabilities were estimated to be 0.84 and 0.81 respectively by Cronbach's alpha test.The research is a descriptive, and correlational study. Data analysis is performed by SPSS software, using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results show that there is a positive correlation between the quality of work life and optimized performance such as ‘Fair pay with r=0.117’, ‘Safe working environment with r=0.119’, Providing promotion opportunities with r= 0.279’ and ‘Social ties with r= 0.223’ are related to the improvement of performance. Therefore it is highly recommended to administrators of universities that in order to achieve optimal performance, they should pay special attention to the quality of employees working life.

The main goal of this research is study of the internet addiction amount among students and its relationship between personality elements and anxiety The statistical population included all students of Urmia Medical Sciences University in which 300 individuals including (167 males and 133 females) and choosing by stratified sampling. They answered to three questionnaires such as Yang internet addiction (1998), Anxiety of Najarian (1375) and A & B personality type. Data analysis is performed by SPSS software and using descriptive and inferential statistics such as Pearson correlation, regression and independent t test. The results show that amount of males internet addiction is more than females (P<0. 005). There is positive and significant relationship between internet addiction and anxiety (P<0. 01). Also persons with A personality type be accustomed more than persons with B personality type (P<0. 005) and variables such as gender, anxiety and academic field can predict internet addiction significantly. In general it can be helped to make optimal use of the internet to susceptible individuals of internet addiction with the underlying factors.

Todays, role of health and it’s maintaining is very important in development of economic, cultural, social and political matter in all countries. Therefore, experts believe that to achieve educational goals, and scientific development in the field of health, managers and coaches must have the necessary competence and efficiency. Hence, the goal of this research is study of the relationship between the individual characteristics, including age, work experience, management experience, and triple skills of managers (human, technical, perceptional parameters) and efficiency. This study is a descriptive survey. The statistical population included 103 managers of university, and the sample included 52 managers that were selected using random sampling. Two questionnaires were used to collect the data. One of the them is to collect personal information from them, and the other one is used to measure the efficiency of managers by staff. The main results showed that there is no significant relationship between age and performance (r =0.250, P =0.740) and between job experience and efficiency (r =-0.188, P=0.182), however, there is direct positive relationship between experience of management and efficiency (r =0.127, P =0.04). There are relationships between triple skills of managers (technical, human and conceptual) and efficiency, so by increasing the efficiency, the skills will be better as well. Identity of factors, the three skills, and their relationships with the efficiency are the factors that can be useful for managers to achieve efficiency.

Current study has been carried out in order to investigate teacher's job motivation regarding manager's leadership style in the girl's high-school in the educational year (1386-1387) in Urmia city.
The second method regarding the objective is practical, and descriptive and correlative in nature. In order to collect the data, three realized questionnaires including job motivation with thirty clothed answer questions, a follower's maturity one with ten closed answer, and finally a leadership style questionnaire with twenty closed answer questions were used. Content based validity is used to determine the validity of the questionnaire. Based on scientific texts and theories, they were regulated and delivered to experts on education, adviser and consultant professor. Obtaining their approval the questionnaires were conducted. Concerning the reliability of the questionnaires Cornbach's Alfa test was utilized.
The statistical population included all the managers (27), teachers (623) people. Statistical sample size was 27 managers and 135 teachers which randomly selected. To test the normal distribution of variables Kolmogorov-Smirnov was conducted. Through descriptive and inferential statistics the collected data were analyzed. In order to test hypothesis and answer the tresearch questions, parametric and non-parametric tests including: t-test, variance analysis, chi-square test, and person correlation were used. For analyzing the data SPSS software was utilized.
Results showed that most of the managers in girl's high-school in Urmia use explanation style, and job motivation among teachers are high. There is significant difference between teacher's maturity points and the manager's leadership style. The teacher's job motivation based on manager's leadership style is not deferent. No significant difference was observed between manager's leadership styles and the teacher's job motivation in district one and two. No significant difference between teacher's job motivation in governmental and private school was observed.