رسول زحمتکش رودسری

Peptic ulcer is a painful inflammatory disease occurring inside the gastric or the first part of the small intestine (duodenum). One of the leading causes of this disease is Helicobacter pylori infection. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role as a warning factor in the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection in the immune system. TLRs belong to a group of pattern recognition receptors of the host's innate immune system. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between the C1174T polymorphism of the TLR5 gene and Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with peptic ulcers in Mazandaran province.

This case-control study investigated 150 patients with peptic ulcer and Helicobacter pylori infection and 150 healthy individuals. After extracting genomic DNA from gastric biopsy samples, genotypic and allelic frequency in patients and control group was determined by Three primer ARMS PCR method. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 23).

The frequency rates of CC, CT, and TT genotypes in patients were 19.3%, 49.3%, and 31.3%, respectively. In healthy people, these values were obtained at 38.6%, 45.3%, and 16%, respectively. Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant relationship between the C1174T polymorphism of the TLR5 gene and peptic ulcer disease.

As evidenced by the results of this study, the presence of the T allele at the C1174T position can be considered a factor for increasing the risk of peptic ulcer disease; nonetheless, the investigation of other TLR5 gene polymorphisms in larger populations is needed.

Peptic ulcer disease causes open sores in the lining of the stomach or duodenum. Helicobacter pylori infection is the main cause of gastrointestinal ulcers. CD14 is a pattern recognition receptor in the cell membrane that identifies bacterial products and plays a key role in the early stages of immune and inflammatory responses. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the C159T polymorphism of the CD14 gene in patients with peptic ulcer and Helicobacter pylori infection.

In this case-control study, 137 patients with peptic ulcers and 123 healthy individuals were evaluated. Genomic DNA was extracted from gastric biopsies, and genotypic frequency in patients and the control group was determined using the Tetra primer ARMS-PCR method. Data analysis was performed using SPSS v.26 software.

The frequency of CC, CT, and TT genotypes in patients was 24.8%, 41.6%, and 33.5%, respectively, while in healthy individuals, it was 8.9%, 43.1%, and 47.3%, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between the C159T polymorphism of the CD14 gene and peptic ulcer disease and Helicobacter pylori infection (P = 0.0003).

The results of the statistical analysis showed that the presence of the T allele at the C159T position of the CD14 gene is considered a risk factor for peptic ulcer disease and Helicobacter pylori infection. However, further studies on other CD14 gene polymorphisms and larger populations are needed.

Ovarian cancer is the second most common cancer of the reproductive system in women. miRNAs are small non-coding molecules that play a role in regulating target gene expression. Genetic diversity increases the chance of developing ovarian cancer by changing the expression of target genes. The present study aimed to assess the polymorphism of miR-146a gene rs2910164 in women with ovarian cancer in the population of Mazandaran province.

In this case-control study, 70 women with ovarian cancer and 70 healthy women were investigated. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples. Tetra primers ARMS-PCR method was used to investigate the genetic diversity of miR-146a. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 23), with statistical tests at a significance level of 0.05.

The frequency rates of CC, CG, and GG genotypes were calculated as 17.14%, 31.43%, and 51.43% in patients and 28.57%, 40.00%, and 31.43% in healthy individuals, respectively. The statistical results demonstrated a significant relationship between the frequency of the C allele of the miR-146a gene and ovarian cancer (P=0.007).

The results of this research highlighted the relationship between CC genotype and ovarian cancer in the studied subjects. Allele C can be introduced as a risk factor.

Mitral valve prolapse is a cardiac condition affecting the valve between the heart's left chambers, with genetic factors playing a significant role. This study aimed to assess the relationship between ACE gene deletion/insertion polymorphism and mitral valve prolapse in Mazandaran Province, located in northern Iran.

This case-control study included 90 patients with mitral valve prolapse and 95 healthy individuals as the control group. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood leukocytes, and genotypes and allelic frequencies were determined using the GAP-PCR method.

The frequencies of II, ID, and DD genotypes of the ACE gene in patients were 22.22%, 42.22%, and 35.46%, respectively, while in the control group, they were 32.63%, 45.26%, and 22.1%, respectively. A statistically significant difference was observed in the frequency of the DD genotype in patients compared to the control group (P=0.048, CI=1.00-3.70, OR=1.92). The odds ratio indicated that the D allele increased the probability of mitral valve prolapse by 1.58 times more than the I allele (OR=1.58). Furthermore, the frequency of the DD genotype was significantly higher in patients with high blood pressure (33.9%) compared to those without high blood pressure (12.7%) (P=0.02).

The results suggest a potential association between the I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene and mitral valve prolapse. However, further studies involving larger populations are necessary to confirm these findings.