رضا جباری

This study aimed to investigate the effects of cold-water immersion and transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) with the current intensities of 1 and 2 mA on recovery during the recovery period quality of subsequent performance of male swimmers.The research method was quasi-experimental, and the population was male swimmers over 18 years in Tehran city (n=20). They were randomly selected as a sample after successfully passing the lifeguard entrance test of 200m breaststroke less than 4 minutes in a time interval of 48hr in three days attended to participate in the games of 200m of frontal crawl with maximum intensity every day. Then, they performed one of the three protocols of Cold-Water Immersion (with 12°c), anodal stimulation (with the current intensity of 2mA), and anodal stimulation (with the current intensity of 1mA) for 15 minutes. The ratings of perceived exertion and feelings of swimmers were recorded using each recovery method by TQR and RPE questionnaires. To measure the effectiveness of the studied methods, the participants repeated 200m breaststroke with maximum intensity. To analyze the data, a dependent t-test, analysis of covariance was used.The results indicated that swimming performance significantly improved the TDCS group (with the current intensity of 2mA) (P = 0.001). The suitable current intensity of TDCS to affect reducing central fatigue and also recovery quality was better in the cold-water immersion group, and it could refer to the increase of venous return and excretion. In addition, the recovery quality was better in the cold-water immersion, and it could refer to the increase of venous return and excretion.

There have been many reports on spinal cord injuries in humans and animals, which is  a major medical and veterinary concern; therefore, the present research project was carried out to devise an appropriate treatment approach.

The purpose of the present study was to apply the modified Allen’s test and Royan Impactor Devicein order to 1) induce spinal cord injury on rhesus monkeys and 2) gain the ultimate confirmation by clinical examinations and MR imaging for application in human and veterinary medicine.

Royan Impactor Device  was used to induce spinal cord injury on rhesus monkeys. Five rhesus monkeys were anesthetized with ketamine, xylazine, and isoflurane. Laminectomy  was done at the level of T9-T10, and a 50 g weight was then dropped from a 12 cm height through a guide tube onto a 10 mm2 impact plate on the exposed spinal cord.

The results of the present study showed signal changes with decreasing the trend in the T2W of spinal cord in sagittal and axial areas due to hematoma, inflammation, pressure on spinal cord, and tissue destruction after spinal cord injury. In the clinical examination of all samples, spinal cord shock symptoms, marked by bladder distention, disappeared 3-5 days post spinal cord injury. Not all measurable factors related to the severity of the injury  were restored to the normal condition until the end of the study although their severities were reduced to some extend.

Modified Allen’s test and the instrument that we designed for this study were able to satisfy the needs of the researchers in treating the spinal cord injury.

The present study was aimed to determine the effect of cold-water immersion and (TDCS) during the recovery period on blood lactate changes in and subsequent performance of professional male swimmers. For this purpose, 20 male participated in this study in two days with an interval of 48 hours. The two-hundred meter breaststroke was performed every day and then the subjects participated in one of the protocols, an anodic stimulation (with intensity of 2 mA)or the artificially exposed to anodic stimulation on the first day, and on the second day they were experienced the cold water immersion (12° C).The subjectschr('39') blood lactate was measured. Finally, in order to measure the effect of the investigated methods on their performance, the 200-meter swim was repeated. To analyze the data dependent t-test and analysis of covariance, LSD follow-up, analysis of variance with repeated measures, were used. The results of this study indicated that swimming performance significantly improved only in the TDCS group, with a reduction in the record time (P = 0.001). Blood lactate showed a greater decrease in the cold water immersion group (P = 0.001).

Metals have always proved their nature as integral parts of the Earth's crust, water, air and various ecosystems. Rare metals are commonly used as enzyme cofactors and act to regulate the cell functions. The accumulation of metals in the brain indicates the important role of these substances in the nervous system. The lack of these metals is associated with a variety of neurological diseases. On the other hand, enhancement of metal levels may lead to various harmful intracellular events, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA fragmentation, protein falsity, endoplasmic endothelial stress, disturbance in autophagy and induction of apoptosis. To date, adverse effects of metal imbalances with multiple human diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, autism spectrum disorders, Guillen-Barre disease, Persian Gulf War syndrome, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and Wilson's disease, have been reported. The role of some of these metal ions, especially in brain function, is important, which led to the introduction of the term metalloneurochemistry to describe the study of metallic ions in the nervous system at the molecular level.

Various metals play an important role in the regulation of multiple vital processes of neurons. Deficiency or elevated levels of any of these metals have harmful effects on the human nervous system, which may contribute to different neurodegenerative diseases.

Olfactory groove meningiomas OGM are rare, benign intracranial tumors. They arise from the anterior cranial fossa at the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone through the suture with the planum sphenoidale. Meningiomas are rare in children and their peak age of incidence is 12 and is slightly more prevalent in boys. Because of their slow growth they are diagnosed at a late stage when they usually have already reached a large size. OGMs surgery is a special challenge for neuro and skull base surgeons because of their proximity to the vessels of the anterior cranial circulation and the optic nerves.in this case report we describe a huge invasive OGM with extensive spread to orbital and paranasal sinus region of a 13 Years Old male patient.

The main purpose of this research was to evaluate how duration and priming method may affect the germination and growth of cumin seed (Cuminum cyminum L.). The study was carried out in 3 replication by using a randomized completely block (RCB) design. The experimental treatments included: control, [hydro-priming in two durations of 24 and 48 h], [osmo-priming (0.2% of KNO3 in 24 and 48 h, 0.3% of KNO3 in 24 and48 h)], [hormo-priming (GA3 500ppm in 24 and 48h, GA3 1000ppm in 24 and 48h)]. Results showed that the highest length of seedling was related to the pre-treatment by 0.3% KNO3 and GA3 500ppm in 24 h. Also the maximum length of roots was related to 0.3% KNO3 and hydro-priming in 24h. The highest germination percentage was resulted under hydro-priming in 24h and the maximum fresh weight of seedling shoot was related to the pre-treatment by 0.3% KNO3 in 24h. According to the vigor index there were not significant differences among the 24-hour treatments, however the maximum vigor index was resulted by pre-treatment with GA3 500 ppm. Also, the increase in pre-treatment duration had a negative effect on the vigor index especially by the osmo pre-treatment. Pre-treatment for 24 hours improved the germination ability of seeds and hydro-priming may be suggested as the most effective treatment in comparison with the other treatments, as it increased seed germination, vigor index and also has also lower cost and higher simplicity.

Water deficit stress, permanent or temporary, limits the growth and the distribution of natural vegetation and the performance of cultivated plants more than any other environmental factors. Mechanism involved is still not clear. Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) is an important medicinal plant in perfume and medical industry. In this research, the effects of water deficit stress on growth, yield, metabolites compatible (prolin) and oil composition of thyme (thymol) were studied. Complete randomized block design with 4 treatments and 4 replications have been used in 2006. Water deficit levels included control (100% field capacity), mild stress (85% field capacity), medium stress (70% field capacity) and severe stress (55% field capacity). The statistical analysis showed that water deficit had significant effect on growth parameters, yield biomass, prolin and thymol. Water stress decreased plant height, number of secondary branches, dry and fresh weight growth and root mass, dry and fresh weight root and length root. In addition, thymol percentage and prolin content increased with severe stress (55% field capacity). Morphological yield with secondary metabolites prolin and thymol were obversed with water deficit changes.

Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) is an important medicinal plant in perfume and medicine industry. In this research، we assessed effects of salinity stress on morphologic، physiologic، and chemical characteristics of (Thymus vulgaris L.). In this research we used complete randomized blocks with 6 treatments and 4 replications. Irrigational levels of water salinity levels were (0، 60، 90، 120، 150 mMolL-1) sodium Chloride The results showed that salinity stress had significant effects on growth parameters، prolin content and thymol percent. With increasing irrigational levels of water salinity، plant height، number stem side، dry weight of plant، thymol percent decreased and root mass، dry weights of root، length and prolin concentration increased. Highest levels of topsoil parts of plant، root and prolin content were produced consequently without salinity stress، high salinity stress (120 mMolL-1) and very high salinity stress (150mMolL-1). Highest levels thymol percent in control and with increase salinity decreased.