رضا حسین زاده

In the 7th principle of the Constitution, local councils are considered at the level of Islamic Consultative Assembly as one of the main decision-making bodies of the country. Participating in decision-making and running the country requires authority and power. Since local councils are actually local parliaments, have the local councils like the parliament enough authority and power to fulfill this fundamental role and how to obtain a suitable model from the parliament for better governance of councils. In order to clarify the issue, it’s necessary to consider the similarities and differences of the local councils and Islamic assembly. They are similar in terms of the legal regulations that are enforceable, the bounding of all approvals on the Islamic laws, being directly selected by people, the consultative and supervisory aspect and the membership of minorities. However, the local councils differ in terms of the limits of legislation, competency, publicity, cancellation of membership and dissolution. Therefore, the local councils are considered as the entity with just consultative and cooperative nature and without the least supervisory or decision making and governance power.

 West Nile virus is an infection transmitted through blood-sucking arthropods. Ocular manifestations are one of the characteristics of West Nile virus infection. They occur mostly in connection with severe neurological disease. In this study، using bioinformatics analysis، we investigated and identified the genes in the pathways related to West Nile virus infection in the retina.

 In this study, using bioinformatics methods and referring to the GEO dataset, the appropriate dataset was selected for analysis. This dataset included gene expression profiles in West Nile virus infection with retinal pigment cells. Gene clusters with high and low expression were categorized. For more accurate data evaluation,  databases such as Enrichr، STRING and Network analyst were used. The candidate genes were isolated and their protein relationship was also measured using cytoescape software version 3.7.1. The obtained values with P-Value˂0.05 were selected as significant data.

 The number of 830 genes with high expression and 500 genes with low expression was involved in the development pathways of West Nile virus infection in the eye. Apoptosis، necroptosis، AMPK and MAPK autophagy pathways were clearly observed. After evaluating the relationship between protein networks، RIPK1، STAT1/3 and JAK2 increased expression and GSK3B، MAPK8 and TSC2 genes had decreased expression.

 The present study showed that important proteins and genes played a major role in strengthening West Nile virus inflammation in the retina, among which RIPK1,TSC2, STAT1 and JAK2 showed a more prominent role in this pathway.

Despite Iran's capacities in the Bunker industry and its role in resistive economy policies, Iran has not been able to achieve its desirable position in this industry. Part of Iran's insignificant share of the bunkring in the Persian Gulf is due to the lack of comprehensive policy efforts. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explain the policy making of the development of Iran's Bunkering industry and identify the factors and conditions that should be considered in policy making. Collected data is qualitative and based on the data theory approach. The data gathering method is a deep interview with 16 active experts in the Bunkering area and snowball sampling was done. Data analysis was performed in three stages of open coding, selective coding, and axial coding. After open coding, concepts and categories were extracted. In the central coding step, the Bunkering industry development policy has been considered as the main category and the causal conditions, the empowering policies (8 policies), the facilitating policies (5 policies), intermediary policies(5 Policy) and Consequences of Bunkering Industry Development are presented.