رضا هاشمی معصوم آباد

A healthy city is a city that continuously improves its physical, social, and cultural environments, develops its resources, and ensures public health. In recent years, the increasing trends of environmental pollution, unemployment, poverty, poor housing, and social and psychological harms as well as industrialization and the spread of epidemic diseases have decreased the quality of the urban living environment. Noorabad City, like many other cities, is facing many problems such as worn-out structures, inadequate housing, lack of social and health services, and noise pollution. These problems will cause serious damage to the health of the environment and citizens. The present study employs a descriptive-analytical method for final evaluation and data analysis. This study uses t-test and structural equation modeling to explain and model the effects. The results of the t-test of the sample showed that the status of healthy city indicators in the study area with an average of 2.51 is not in an acceptable situation and is estimated to be poor. Analysis of the findings of structural equation modeling indicates that the amount of factor load of the root mean square error (RMSE) is equal to 0.079, which indicates the desirability of the research model. Also, the analysis of the second-order factor model showed that the health dimension has the highest factor load with a weight of 0.94 and the lowest factor load belongs to the physical dimension with a factor weight of 0.64. In order to promote the indicators of a healthy city and balanced distribution of services and facilities, spatial policies and planning should be based on creating a platform for attracting more private sector investment and directing them to disadvantaged areas where the role of urban management and related organizations is very important.

One of the controversial, critical and hitherto disastrous phenomena of urban, worn-out texture and its associated challenges and problems, as well as the concerns of city management in this field, is the present study. The people are in charge of organizing the worn-out urban fabric in the Ardebil area.

In terms of data collection method is field research and in terms of data collection is survey method. The sample size calculated by Cochranchr('39')s formula was 384 persons, which was upgraded to 400 persons with the aim of covering any possible errors. The sampling method is simple random. Finally, Pearson correlation coefficient, analysis of variance, t-test and regression model in the form of Spss statistical software and GIS software were used to analyze the collected data.

According to the results of the research, the highest beta coefficient was related to trust in urban managers (0.76) and socio-economic base (0.13). Therefore, among the variables studied, the greatest impact on citizenschr('39') participation in the organization of worn-out fabrics, belongs to the trust of urban managers.

Trust in city managers, increasing the level of education and awareness of citizens, housing ownership and length of stay in an area, are among the effective factors in citizen participation that by adopting comprehensive awareness measures and programs and raising its level by mass media, especially radio and television, can be increased participation employed. Finally, some suggestions are presented according to the research results.

Achieving social justice in the distribution of urban services is one of the important goals of urban planners in order to fairly allocate social costs and equalize the use of local capacities for the welfare and social development of citizens. The aim of this study is to analyze and evaluate the spatial distribution of urban public services using health-treatment, cultural-religious services index and urban facilities and equipment in the four districts of Ardabil with the approach of social justice. Data and information collection has been done using documentary, library and field methods. To analyze the data and information, Shannon's entropy technique was used to determine the coefficient of importance and in order to determine the extent of having a 6-ARAS model, Pearson correlation test was used to investigate the relationship between population and status. . According to the assessment made with the ARAS model, it was determined that in the health and medical services of region one, the privileged regions are deprived of regions two and three and the fourth region is deprived, in the cultural-religious services of region one, the regions are deprived. And three semi-privileged regions of region two are deprived, in the services of urban facilities and equipment of region one have privileges, regions three and two have semi-privileged and "region four deprived" and in total the service indicators of region one

One of the most important and urgent issues of urban planning is the equitable distribution of facilities, services and accessibility of citizens at the urban level. Economic and commercial centers, including banks and financial institutions, are one of the most important economic sectors of cities and can be sustained. Social, economic, physical, and environmental impacts of neighborhoods. The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent of citizenschr(chr('39')39chr('39')) access to commercial land use in Ardebil neighborhoods. Therefore, the present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. The statistical population of the study is 44 localities of Ardabil city. Spatial statistics models, Hot Spot Analysis, and GIS software were used for data analysis. Finally, regression function in Idrisi Selva software was used to analyze the correlation between commercial user and population as well as to determine the relationship and correlation of this user with other service users. The results show that in Ardabil neighborhoods there is inequality in terms of overall business use. As a result, the neighborhoods have high commercial use weights and high concentrations of hot spots in optimum condition, including areas 3 and 5 from zone 2, zone 7 from zone 1 and zone 6 from zone 3. Also, commercial low weight blocks and low concentrations of hot spots, which include areas 8 and 11 from zone 2, area 11 from zone 3, are lower in urban sustainability. Finally, based on the results of the research, some suggestions have been made.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the spatial distribution of educational land use in Ardebil. In this regard, using spatial statistics models, hot spot analysis and spatial autocorrelation in ArcGIS software, the spatial distribution of educational applications in Ardebil was investigated. Research data were collected by documentary method with reference to relevant sources and organizations. The use of spatial statistics analysis methods in the distribution of educational uses and temporal data (2016) and location (neighborhoods of Ardabil) is one of the innovations of the present study.The obtained results showed that areas 6, 7 and 10 of Zone 3 and Zone 6 of Zone 1 were blocks with high educational use weight and high concentration of hot spots. Finally area 11, of Zone 1, area 11, areas 3 and areas 4, 8 and 9 of Zone 2 were low training weight blocks and low concentrations of hot spots, which were at a lower level in terms of stability. Also, according to Moran index, the spatial distribution of educational land uses in Ardebil was clustered. The results of regression function analysis in Idrisi environment also showed that there was a positive correlation between educational use and population, educational use and residential, medical, law enforcement, commercial, commercial service and sports uses. Nonetheless there was a negative correlation between cultural use and green space and workshop-industrial use. The use of spatial statistics analysis methods in the distribution of educational land uses and data of temporal and location are the innovations of the present study.

Today, tourism has become one of the factors influencing the socio-economic and cultural development of societies. It is also one of the sectors that can be valued significantly when it comes to planning and paying attention to the economic benefits it can bring to the employment of a large part of the unemployed. Urban tourism, which is one of the sub-sectors of tourism, has recently been the focus of planners and trustees. In the meantime, Ardebil city has and always welcomes a large number of domestic and foreign tourists, due to its historical background and its potential and actual potential. Therefore, conducting extensive studies and up-to-date studies in order to evaluate the tourism status of Ardabil city and identifying its tourism areas in order to optimally manage tourism affairs in this city is an important and necessary issue. Therefore, in the present study, using descriptive-analytical research methods and tools such as GPS and ARCGIS software and Vikor, AHP and Fuzzy models, the zoning and identification of tourism areas in Ardabil has been done. The results of the present analysis indicate that the central core of Ardebil city with the axis of the Balchaychay River and Shurabil Lake and in the northeast-southwest direction, has high potential for attracting tourists. has it. In fact, these areas can be named as the dominant tourist center of Ardabil. A place marked by an extraordinary concentration of historical, tourism and leisure attractions. In fact, it can be said that the tourism area of ​​Ardebil and the areas with high tourist attraction were a function of the central and historical core of Ardebil and the Adjara River and the Shurabil Lake. This has led to the over-concentration of tourism elements in the vicinity of these elements.

The increasing urban development in Iran has caused many social, economic, and environmental problems. Among the social issues in cities, especially metropolitan areas, is the spread of crime and the formation of insecure spaces in the city. When urban spaces create a sense of fear and insecurity in people, they become defenseless spaces. That is, spaces in which a person feels the presence may be attacked or something unpleasant happens to him. In other words, such spaces, for whatever reason, could induce fear in people. These spaces are the product of a complex interaction in which the lack of symbolic and real barriers, the absence of the definition of specific areas and monitoring facilities, including natural-social and physical supervision, have made the rate of crime and social harms significant. Therefore, the identification of such spaces is necessary to take preventive measures and reduce the occurrence of crimes.  

The purpose of this study is to identify, analyze, and rank the risk of defenseless spaces in District 3 of Ardabil city. The present research is of applied-developmental type and its research method is descriptive-analytical based on graphic methods. In order to collect the required information, first, a library method was used. Also, the field harvesting method was used to identify defenseless spaces in District 3 of Ardabil city. To perform the analysis, criteria such as the frequency of defenseless spaces, population and building density, income groups, the quality of the road network, the physical quality of the texture, social characteristics, land and building prices, and land use were used. In the next step, data related to the main criteria of the research on surface complication (area zoning) were entered and the analysis was based on spatial statistics in GIS. Finally, after determining the effective parameters in the analysis of urban defense spaces in the form of pairwise comparison of the hierarchical analysis process, the weight of each research criterion was calculated according to the opinion of experts (30 experts including professors and experts in universities, research centers and offices such as Municipalities, law enforcement research offices, and experts in the field of urban planning). Then, after preparing the standard maps, creating a distance map from them, standardizing and reclassifying each of the maps, the layers were superimposed using the weight overlap index.  

Based on the map prepared using the kernel method, neighborhoods No. 3, 4, 6, and 9 had the highest density of defenseless spaces and thus are in a state of danger and vulnerability in terms of the existence of defenseless spaces. These neighborhoods are most densely populated. Calculations made using the nearest neighborhood mean tool indicated that urban defenseless spaces were distributed, clustered, and unbalanced throughout the region. According to the above results, certain areas are the focus of defenseless spaces under study and follow the centralized pattern; in contrast, parts of the area surface are considered as clean areas in terms of the existence of such spaces. The result of implementing the AHP model in GIS showed that 45.35% of the neighborhoods are at high and very high risk in terms of the existence of defenseless spaces. These neighborhoods are among those with informal settlements and middle neighborhoods of the city whose condition of the road network and the quality of their texture are not suitable. They have a high population density and the land use in this area is not compatible. These areas have the potential to spread social harm and delinquency. Also, poor monitoring, visibility, solitude and darkness, confusion, and burnout are the most important elements of urban space defense.  The present study can pave the way for other studies such as the study of crime in the city by types of crimes, the effect of environmental variables on crime, urban crimes based on type of urban context, and other related issues. Based on the findings, the following suggestions can be considered in managing and reducing the vulnerability of neighborhoods:1) Preparing a comprehensive crime plan.  This can help and guide the security forces. In this regard, GIS is very important. 2) Regenerating worn out urban texture that often forms criminal areas. 3) Determining the status of ruined buildings (cleaning or reconstruction) in the area, the number of which is not small. 4) Establishing or combining centers with long hours of work time (even 24 hours a day) 5) Locating and constructing law enforcement centers even in the form of smaller units in vulnerable areas. 6) Installing CCTV cameras in crowded spaces and announcing its existence along with controlng the space by using signs while observing aesthetic principles (with priority on installation in vulnerable areas). 7) Updating and accurately recording computer information about the place and time of crimes.

With the increase in population and the development of urbanization, humans have gradually shifted away from nature, and the excessive population density and interference in the natural environment and the creation of human environments have increased the human, environmental, physical and mental needs. On the other hand, the over-concentration of social, economic, and cultural activities in large cities has caused the population to flock to these cities, and as a result, the need for urban respiratory centers becomes more tangible. Therefore, the objectives of this research are analyzing the dismantling of urban green space (urban-regional parks) and providing an optimal model using multi-criteria decision-making rules (MCDM). The research method is applied, and in terms of its nature and method, is descriptive-analytic. The criteria are grouped into 9 components for the spatial layout of the urban-regional parks space. CRITIC techniques and paired comparisons are used to weigh the criteria used. Excel data analysis, GIS and SELVA IDRISI have been used to analyze the data and draw maps. In order to provide a suitable pattern for locating green spaces (Urban-urban parks) in Ardebil, VIKOR multi-criteria decision-making method was used. The results of the research showed that urban-regional parks in the east of area 1, southwest of area 3 and north of area 4 in terms of access to the park felt lack. Using the output map of the VIKOR model, suitable locations for the construction of new green spaces have been identified. Using the existing status map of the current green space and the output map resulting from the loading of the VIKOR method, an optimal model for the construction of the urban-regional park is proposed.

In housing category, preparation of plans and programs for social and physical dimensions of housing can prevent gaps and inequalities of resident’s well-being and the city’s unplanned growth. Accordingly, the aims of the present study are: the spatial analysis of social and physical dimensions of housing, showing the imbalance proportion of supply and demand for housing, and showing the relationship of housing shortage with horizontal expansion of Ahwaz city. Based on type the present study is an "applied-developmental" and based on method it is a "descriptive-analytical" research. Required data was collected using a library-documentary method. A total number of 20 social and physical indicators were applied for leveling the regions of Ahwaz city. Data analysis was done based on several methods such as; Superiority and Inferiority Ranking (SIR), Holdren, Shannon's Entropy, Pearson Correlation Coefficients, and Visual PROMETHEE software. Findings of the present study indicated that regions 2, 3, 4 and 8 are in a favorable situation in terms of social and physical indicators, whereas, regions 1, 6 and 7 possess a different social and physical situation. It shows an imbalance distribution of affordable housing across the city of Ahwaz. The Pearson correlation coefficient with a sig of two-sided 0.501 confirmed the imbalance supply and demand of housing in Ahwaz. Also, the results of Holdren and Shannon’s entropy methods represented an unplanned expansion of residential areas during 2006 to 2011, but such development was not coincident with housing demand and has taken place in regions where housing shortages have not been severe. This can be considered as an indicator of unsustainable growth of Ahvaz city in the housing sector.

Urban parks have a significant role in reducing air pollution and improving the quality of life of the people living in urban areas. Planning and site selection of urban parks can significantly change a man-made environment to an ideal human society and enhance the quality of life and identity of the inhabitants by promoting the visual beauty and reducing the adverse effects of industrial development. The aim of this study was to evaluate and locate neighborhood parks using the principles of multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) in Ardabil city.

The used method was functional in terms of its objective and descriptive analysis in terms of its nature. The studied criteria consisted 12 components grouped for the spatial distribution of neighborhood parks. In this study, CRITIC techniques and pair-wise comparison were used to weight the criteria. Subsequently, the Vikor multi-criteria decision-making method was used in IDRISI to develope an appropriate model for the spatial distribution of green spaces in Ardabil. The obtained results were presented in the form of a graded map of desirability of place.

The results show that priority pixels introduced in the model output have optimum conditions in terms of the defined criteria. Discussion and

This model can be used as a decision support system in the spatial distribution of the existing neighborhood parks.

The first step in the planning and developing of rural areas is identifying and studying facilities and capabilities and, subsequently, determining the levels of development of rural areas. In the planning and development process of rural areas, recognizing the regions in terms of the status quo and the development level, studying local and regional differences in terms of development, explaining the factors affecting development and, eventually, attempting to solve issues and problems and meeting the needs in line with moderating the current inequalities is quite significant. The need to identify deprived regions and villages is essential in order to plan for the optimal allocation of facilities and services to reduce or eliminate poverty, deprivation and regional inequalities for attaining sustainable development. The present article uses a descriptive-analytical method, as well as VIKOR method and Prescott Allen model to investigate the enjoyment status of rural settlements in Ardebil province (as the statistical population of the study), educational, health-treatment, communication and transportation, commercial and political-administrative services indicators (based on the data extracted from the Statistical Yearbook of the Province). In total, after formatting, development indicators in the Allen Prescott model showed that the rural settlements of Ardebil were at the developed level (0.81  Fi ≤1), Moghan county at a relatively developed level (0.61  Fi ≤ 0.80), Nir, Pars-Abad, Khalkhal, Namin, Moser and Meshkinshahr were at the developing level (0.41  Fi ≤ 0.60), and Sarein and Billesavsar counties were at a relatively developing level (0.21  Fi ≤ 0.40). The reflection of factors such as the centralized management structure, environmental factors, and the failures of the spatial planning system should be mentioned in the outcome of development gap analysis.

In this study, to show the inequality between different cities in Ardebil province, 60 developmental indicators in different sections including health care, social, educational, cultural and infrastructural sections have been analyzed through VIKOR model. Moreover, for data analysis and graph and table representation of data Excel, SPSS, and ARC Map 10.1 software was used. For determining validity of the research indicators, questionnaires were completed by experts (16 experts and professionals in the related area) through AHP model.
A survey in 2011 showed that from among 10 cities in Ardabil province, Ardebil city; Serein Germy and Khalkhal; Parsabad, Bilesavar and Namin; Meshginshahr, Nir and Kosar were developed, developing, less developed, and undeveloped areas, respectively. This inequality is the result of environmental, economic and political factors and it also reflects inadequacy of spatial planning, which places Ardabil in its high priority for development.
Furthermore, according to the conducted analyses it is concluded that there is an imbalanced regional inequality on city scale in Ardabil province; there is a meaningful and positive relationship between the population of a city and the degree of its development; finally there is a meaningful and positive relationship between the distance from the provincial capital and the degree of its development.