روح انگیز جمشیدی اورک

Knowledge management is a continuous effort to maintain, direct and purposefully increase the knowledge capital of organizations. Today, in addition to human and economic capitals, other capitals called social capital have been taken into consideration.This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge management and the social capital of nurses working in the hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in the year 2021.

  This correlational study was conducted on two groups of 114 nurses with bachelor's degree and master's degree who were selected by stratified random method. The tools of data collection were knowledge management questionnaire and Nahapit and Ghoshal social capital questionnaire. They were analyzed in SPSS version 16 software with using the descriptive method (frequency distribution of variables, mean) and inferential statistics (independent t-tests, Pearson correlation, analysis of variance, chi-square, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests).

The results of the research showed that the average score of knowledge management and the range of scores for master's degree and bachelor's degree nurses are 78.12 ± 16.13 (43-115) and (111-27) 75.96 ± 19.47, respectively. In addition, the average score of social capital and the range of scores for master's degree and bachelor's degree nurses are 91.64 ± 20.06 (29-135) and 87.90 ± 25.17 (27-127), respectively. A positive and significant correlation has been observed between the variables of knowledge management and social capital in undergraduate and graduate nurses with scores (P-value ˂0.001, r=0.68) and (P-value ˂0.001, r=0.73), respectively.

Considering the significant correlation between knowledge management and social capital in two groups of nurses, nursing managers can play a significant role in promoting knowledge management and increasing the spirit of team work and raising employees' trust in the organization by holding various programs and collaborative management. Have organizational behavior and excellence in the nursing profession among disciplines.

Mobile technology has provided new opportunities for health care systems. Improvement of health services outcomes in different patient groups is one of the benefits of using this tool. Although the use of mobile in Iran is expanding, there is no evidence of the state and the use of this technology in health system. The aim of this study was to review published researches on the application of mHealth in the health system of Iran.
In order to carry out a review study, Pubmed database was searched by the keyword "mobile Health" and its equivalents which have derived from the "Medical Subject Headings". Iranian databases including Iran medex, Magiran and Scientific Information Database (SID) were also searched for Persian and English terms of mobile health. Retrieval citations from information databases were sent to the endnote software and evaluated based on the considered criteria.
The research sample consisted of 26 articles that met the criteria of the study. In most of studies, text messaging was the main intervention tool of mHealth. The results indicated significant effect of mobile health in improving the patient's care.
In Iran, mobile health can be effectively used in the health system due to population structure and geographic extent. According to the results of this study, the use of mobile health, especially in educating patients for self-care and preventing the spread of diseases, can be very effective.

Emotional intelligence is one of the most important factors for success in all aspects of life. Emotional intelligence is the ability to recognize emotions in themselves and others, effective management of emotions, the emotions in their motivation and effective communication. Given the importance of the issue and the lack of nursing research in the field of emotional intelligence in Iran, in this article emotional intelligence in nursing, patterns and measurement methods were discussed.
After searching the database Ovid, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, SID, Magiran using keywords intelligence, emotional intelligence, nursing students, Information obtained after review of 47 sources.
Emotional intelligence can be positive results, such as socio-emotional success, confidence is high, more life satisfaction, health and social commitment to the cause. Patterns of emotional intelligence considered and Different tools have been designed to measure this type of intelligence.

Emotional Intelligence plays a key role on motivations and creation of effective communication through the efficient management and excitement employment. This study was conducted to determine relationship between emotional intelligence score and demographic information of students from Tehran University of Medical Sciences. This study is a descriptive cross sectional correlational study performed in 2013 in Nursing and Midwifery Department of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The population of this research were 69 freshman semester one nursing students selected through the convenience sampling method. The data were gathered through the self-report method using a particular questionnaire. The questionnaire applied in this work consists of two parts: demographic information and a 41-item questionnaire of the revised Farsi Shateh emotional intelligence designed in 5 part Likert’s scale. Validity of the questionnaire was simultaneously and its reliability was satisfied through estimating the correlation coefficient between two tests (r=0.75) and internal consistency of the test questions (α=0.89) in the study conducted by Beshart (2007). Data derived from 69 questionnaires were analyzed using the mean, standard deviation, and chi-square and Z tests extracted by SPSS v.16 software. The mean emotional intelligence score and standard deviation of the students was obtained as 3.72 and 0.364, respectively. Students with diploma GPA below 17 had higher emotional intelligence score as compared to students with minimum diploma GPA of 17 (P<0.05). Moreover, no statistically significant relationship was observed between emotional intelligence score and variables including age, gender, career, housing condition, and previous emotional intelligence (P<0.05). Emotional intelligence is a kind of intelligence which, also confirmed by scientists, can lead to further success in the life and job. Since this intelligence is learnable and improvable for any age and gender, it is recommended to provide suitable trainings about it for students.

Some of the main questions which can be of importance for those researchers who intend to perform a systematic review in a field of science are: ‘What databases should I use for my review? ’; ‘Do all these databases have the same value? ’; and ‘Which sources retrieved the highest of relevant references? ’. The main aim of this work was the identification of the best database for retrieving information on telemedicine by comparing the percentage of relevant references among the total literature available that can be retrieved from each database. Databases (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature، PubMed، Scopus، and Web of Science) were searched on the topic of telemedicine and education، telemedicine and cost benefit، and also telemedicine and patient satisfaction. Results of analysis and accuracy coefficient، sensitivity، uniqueness، and the overlap of databases were calculated. The number of studies retrieved from each database varied for each topic. PubMed with 50. 7% in accuracy and 61. 4% in sensitivity was the most effective database for retrieving information on the abovementioned topics. Databases with the highest proportion of unique records in retrieved relevant references varied between the 38% for PubMed to 3% for CINAHL. The largest overlap in the four databases was between PubMed and the Web of Science (18. 6%). Few papers (0. 7%) were indexed by all four databases. Our analysis suggests that information scientists، librarians، and researchers who want to access the best references on telemedicine should start by searching PubMed. Searching PubMed، Scopus، and Web of Science، respectively، will provide about 90% of the relevant available literature.

Physicians and nurses have to effectively communicate together and believe that none of them can reach to the expected results without another’s help. As a representative of an effective communication، collaboration is process through which physician and nurse discuss healthcare problems of the patients and each one presents his/her information based on mutual respect to complete a healthcare program. The main objective of this study is to define the attitudes of the physicians and nurses occupied in public hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Science about Collaboration. This is a cross sectional comparative study in which the study population was selected among the physicians and nurses employed in hospitals of Tehran University of Medical sciences. The tool applied in this study consists of two parts. The first part involves demographic characteries of the research samples، whereas the second part includes Jefferson questionnaire to measure attitudes toward physician-nurse collaboration. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS v. 14 software package. To obtain research objectives، after collecting required information، data were analyzed using descriptive statistical indexes a and T-test، 2 test، and ANOVA were used. In this study 160 sample participated for each group. The results of this study indicated a significant difference (P<0. 001) between mean scores of the physicians (44. 5±5. 05) with that of nurses (50. 8±3. 84). Based on findings of this study، it was concluded that it is required to do some cultural practices about the cooperation between physicians and nurses. In addition، it seems that holding workshops to define the objectives and strategies for creation of collaboration toward physicians and nurses is of highest significance for medical and nursing students. Through elucidating the attitude of physician and nurse toward collaboration، this research can provide some strategies for creation of effective communication between physician and nurse through which both can be benefited

Randomized controlled clinical trial is the most valid type of epidemiological studies for the treatment of diseases. The aim of the present article is to determine the subject area, type of intervention, and blinding methods used in this type of study design.

This is a cross-sectional descriptive study in which all the articles based on randomized controlled clinical trial were studied. The articles were all affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences(TUMS) and indexed in PubMed by the end of the year 2010.

Among the subject areas, most randomized controlled clinical trials(44 cases or 14%) were conducted in the field of Obstetrics and Gynecology. In terms of intervention type, the majority of the studied trials(214 cases or 68.2%) used drug intervention. And regarding the type of blinding, double-blinding was employed more than other blinding techniques(152 cases or 48.4%). On the whole, 125 cases(39.8%) of randomized controlled clinical trials were conducted through drug intervention simultaneous with double-blinding technique.

In different subject areas, the application of blinding techniques and type of intervention are somewhat related to research methodology and medical ethics. It seems that intervention type depends on subject area, and blinding technique is determined by the selected type of intervention.

Needs of patients is one of the most important issues that should be considered in decision making of managers in hospitals. This study aimed to determine preferences of patients referring to the outpatient clinic of Firoozgar hospital. In this study، 150 patients referring to the outpatient clinic were selected using convenience sampling method in 2011. We used the choice based conjoint analysis to conduct the study and analyze the data. The mean age of the participants was 31. 76 (±0. 738). Most of the participants (70%) were female; and 30% were male. Doctors'' consultation with patients was the most important issue from the participants point of view (relative importance=37. 1%). The second important issue was the formation of medical records (relative importance=21. 6%). The least important issue was the way of setting appointments (relative importance=10. 2%). Patients needs and views should be noticed in all stages of planning، implementation and evaluation of patient-oriented interventions. Meeting the needs of patients may lead to enhance the quality of services provided and patients'' satisfaction. Several research tools and methods are provided to capture patients'' views and preferences in health care services. The choice based conjoint analysis is recommended to apply in studies that assess participants'' views.

Availability of scientific research at high levels of evidence، provide an appropriate context for evidence-based nursing. This study aims to identify the levels of evidence of nursing theses and dissertations in type-one medical universities of Iran in a period of twenty years.

This is a descriptive survey on 1810 nursing theses and 54 dissertations. The abstract and/or method section of the theses and dissertations during 1991-2010 was reviewed and then their levels of evidence were determined by comparing these data with the table of evidence-based research assessment. Descriptive analysis on data was performed using SPSS-PC (v. 16).

A large percentage of the theses (60. 7%) and dissertations (92. 6%) were at the 6th level of evidence. First and 5th levels of evidence were not seen in Masters Theses، and none of the 1st، 4th and 5th levels of evidence was found in PhD dissertations. The lowest percentages (1. 9%) of theses were situated at the 4th level. Only 7. 4% of the dissertations were at the 2nd & 3rd levels of evidence. The trend of theses and dissertations during this period revealed that the 6th level of evidence is dominant. However، during 2005- 2010 the trend changed into performing research at the 2nd & 3rd levels of evidence.

The results revealed that the majority of theses and dissertations in all educational fields and faculties are at the lowest (6th) level of evidence during the studied period. Thus، regarding the importance of evidence-based practice for increasing the quality of nursing care، investigating approaches to promote and improve the level evidence of nursing theses and dissertations is recommended.

Patients'' perception of various aspects of health services could provide useful insights to improve health services. In the present study the technique of Choice- Based Conjoint Analysis (CBCA) was used to elicit patients’ views on desired attributes of outpatient services. Five attributes related to outpatient services provided by hospital clinics، were surveyed. They included appointment making، waiting time، forming medical records، and presence of medical students and other patients in the examination room. There were 200 patients selected through convenient sampling method. Data were gathered via structured interviews and analyzed by logit regression model. The three main attributes preferred by respondents were: no presence of other patients (57%)، appointment making (17%)، and forming medical records (15%). The scenario with maximum utility consisted of the following: telephone appointments، having medical records، no presence of medical students and other patients in the examination room، and the maximum waiting time of half an hour. The sequence of the priorities preferred by the outpatients was found to be firstly، examination by consultants in private، secondly، telephone appointments، and finally، formation of medical records. CBCA could be a potentially useful technique for eliciting the preferences of health service users.

Abstract writing is one of the secondary services for summarizing the content of documents. It represents the major information and is used as an overview of the text. However، abstracts should be written and indexed on the basis of some criteria to provide sufficient and reliable information about the main text. This study aimed to assess the abstracts of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials (RCTs) indexed in PubMed on the basis of the CONSORT abstract checklist.

This was a descriptive cross-sectional survey. The study sample included 314 RCTs indexed in PubMed with the affiliation of Iran and Tehran University of Medical Sciences up to the end of 2010. The abstracts were evaluated by the CONSORT checklist in which the items were scored 0–8.

The Mean score for quality was 4. 7± 1. 02 out of 8. None of the abstracts were assigned as the most qualified (Score=8) and the highest score was 7. Among the RCT designs، parallel trial designs were the most common ones. Indications of the type of randomization، the blinding type، and the number of participants involved were found not to be well reported qualitatively.

The findings indicated that the items designated for RCTs abstracts were not thoroughly taken into consideration. It seems that training of researchers and authors is required for betterment of the quality of reporting in abstracts. In addition، journal editors should provide guidelines for authors to report this type of studies correctly.

Women's dissatisfaction with childbirth experience may have immediate and long-term effects on their health and relationship with infant. There is not enough documented researchs in this area. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of LI4 Acupressure on delivery satisfaction in women referring to Fatemieh hospital in Shahroud. In this experimental study 100 women in labor referring to delivery room of the hospital in Shahroud were randomly assigned into experimental (n=50) or control group (n=50). The experimental group received LI4 acupressure at the onset active phases for duration of each uterine contraction over a period of 20 minutes and the control group received only LI4 touch. An observation checklist and information forms were used for data collection and content validity method was used for validating of questionnairs. Delivery satisfaction was measured immediately after delivery in both groups. There was significantly different in satisfaction rates between two groups (P=0.017). 86% of experimental group and 68% of control group expressed their satisfaction in highest score (score 6). According to the finding, it seems that LI4 acupressure has some positive effect on delivery satisfaction in women. Therefore using this easy and applicable method in delivery rooms is recommended.

Determining the overlap rates is a quantitative method to compare database contents. In this survey, traditional overlap, relative overlap and synthetic degrees of freedom between PubMed as a free database and Scopus as a subscription-based one in the cardiovascular disease field have been determined. This descriptive applied research was done during January to June 2009. First, the descriptors related to three cardiovascular diseases, namely stroke, high Blood pressure and cerebrovascular accidents, were obtained from Emtree Thesaurus. Then, original articles on the three mentioned problems were retrieved from PubMed and Scopus by searching these descriptors. Primary raw data needed for overlap calculation were obtained using Reference Manager Software. Data analysis was done in Microsoft Excel. A total of 9899 articles on cardiovascular diseases were retrieved from both databases, including 8593 and 7713 articles from PubMed and Scopus, respectively. There were 6407 common titles while 2186 and 1306 titles belonged only to PubMed and Scopus, respectively. The traditional overlaps were 68%, 66.7% and 60.7% for high blood pressure, cerebrovascular accidents and stroke, respectively. Relative overlap between PubMed and Scopus for stroke, high blood pressure and cerebrovascular accidents were 75.8% vs. 75.3%, 89.2% vs. 74.1% and 86.7% vs. 74.3%, respectively. Synthetic degrees of freedom were smaller than 0.5 for the three considered diseases. Due to PubMed's higher relative overlaps versus Scopuss, more user and librarians are led to use PubMed. Larger numbers of retrieved unique articles for each cardiovascular disease from PubMed as compared with Scopus, along the fact that it is free, makes PubMed preferable.

The homepage is the initial place at which the users are directed towards having access to the available resources. This makes web designing of high importance to university administrators and authorities. The purpose of this study was to conduct a qualitative evaluation of websites with WEBQEM in libraries of Medical Universities in the Islamic Republic of Iran. This study was a descriptive survey which was conducted on 24 websites. Data were gathered on the basis of WEBQEM checklists. Data analysis was performed by using SPSS software version 13. The evaluation was carried out by applying four criteria of WEBQEM. The website's reliability was evaluated as "Very Good", with the average score of 0.82, and its efficiency as "Good" with the average score of 0.64. Usability and functionality scored an average of 0.5 and 0.52, respectively. Finally, half of the websites, on which this study was conducted, were evaluated as "Good "while the other half were as "Average". Considering the average scores obtained by using the four main criteria of the study, it was conceived that the in terms of functionality and usability of these web sites had some shortcomings. Although reliability and efficiency scored average, some of the websites were not of the expected quality by the main criteria.

Patients with burns, experience high levels of anticipatory anxiety during dressing changes. Anxiety tends to increase after each dressing and during time; on the other hand this anxiety cannot be completely managed by anxiolytic drugs. Nurses contribute to pain management by using pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Relaxation techniques are one of the most used approaches in pain anxiety management. However there is not enough information about the effects of these techniques on pain anxiety of these patients. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of jaw relaxation on pain anxiety of burn dressing. This study was a randomized clinical trial with control group. One hundred patients hospitalized in Shahid Motahari Burn Center in Tehran within July to December, 2009 were recruited by convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to either experimental or control groups using minimization. Experimental group practiced jaw relaxation for 20 minutes before entering dressing room. Data were assessed with Burn Specific Pain Anxiety Scale (BSPAS) and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-Square test, dependent and independent t-test and Fisher’s exact test by SPSS-PC (17). Significant statistical difference was seen between the level of pain anxiety before & after intervention in experimental group. Moreover, after intervention there were a significant difference between the level of pain anxiety after dressing in experimental and control groups. There weren’t significant difference between pain anxiety after intervention, before and after dressing in experimental group. Nurses can independently decrease the pain anxiety of burned patients and its subsequent physical and psychological burden by teaching the simple and inexpensive technique of jaw relaxation. Further studies are suggested to assess the effect of this technique on pain anxiety of patients with other disease except burns who suffer from painful procedures.

Many pregnant women like to avoid pharmacological or invasive methods of pain management in labor. Acupressure is a non- invasive method that has been suggested for labor pain relief. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of LI4 acupressure on labor pain in the first stage of labor. This single-blind randomized clinical trial was performed on 100 eligible women who were at the beginning of active phase of labor (3-5 cm dilatation of cervix). The case group (n=50) received LI4 acupressure at the onset active phases for duration of each uterine contraction over a period of 20 minutes, while the control group (n= 50) received a touch at this point without massage. Labor pain was measured several times using a subjective labor pain scale (Visual analogue scale) before intervention, immediately, 20, and 60 minutes after intervention and then each hour until delivery. Finally, severities of pain were compared between the two groups. There were significant differences between the groups in subjective labor pain scores at immediately, 20, 60 and 120 minutes after intervention (P<0.001). These finding showed that LI4 acupressure was effective for decreasing pain in women during labor. LI4 acupressure can be an effective nursing management for women in labor.

The frequency of severe burn and the results of this injury in the form of death, mortality, illness and social and economical costs on society is an acceptable justification for special attention to the burn victims by health experts. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of jaw relaxation on dressing pain intensity of burn patients.

This study was a randomized clinical trial. One hundred patients referred to Shahid Motahari Burn Center in Tehran within July to December, 2009 were selected by convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to either experimental or control groups using minimization method. The experimental group practiced jaw relaxation technique for 20 minutes before entering dressing room. Data were collected using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and analyzed by SPSS 17 and independent t-test.

The mean burn dressing’ pain intensity score in experimental group was 45.93±24.97 and in control group was 48.05±25.61.There were no significant difference between the pain intensity after dressing in both experimental and control groups (p=0.676).

Regarding to ineffectiveness of jaw relaxation on burn dressing’s pain intensity, it is suggested that further relaxation practice sessions be held and continued in the dressing room and also the effect of this technique on residual, penetrating and procedural pain of burn patients be examined and compared.

Prolonged labor has been associated with cesarean delivery and low Ph cord blood. Furthermore, hemorrhage and infection, which are strongly associated with long labor, are leading causes of maternal death. Due to the importance of duration of labor, this study investigates the effects of Hego (LI4) acupressure on length of delivery time, mothers’ physiological responses i.e., respiration and pulse rates of mothers, and Apgar scores of newborns. In this randomized clinical trial study, 100 pregnant women, who were at the beginning of active phase of labor (dilatation 5-3)and had referred to Fatemiye educational and research clinic in Shahroud, were randomly assigned to either the LI4 acupressure (n=50) or LI4 touch control (n=50) group. The experimental group received LI4 acupressure at the onset of the active phase for duration of each uterine contraction over a period of 20 minutes but the control group received only LI4 touch. Length of delivery time was calculated in two stages: from 3-5 cm cervical dilation to full cervical dilation and full cervical dilation to the delivery. Pulse and respiration rates were measured before intervention, immediately after intervention, 20, 60 minutes after intervention and then each hour until delivery. One-minute and five-minute Apgar scores were also registered. There were significant differences between the groups in length of delivery time. The total labor (3-5 dilation to delivery) was significantly shorter in the LI4 acupressure intervention group (P=0.038). Maternal pulse and respiration rates weren’t significantly different between the groups (P=0.711, P=0.108). There were no significant differences between two groups for neonatal Apgar scores at one and five minutes. (P= 0.2, P= 0.3). These finding showed that LI4 acupressure was effective for shortening the length of delivery time and had no side effects on mothers’ pulse and respiration rate or no newborns’ Apgar scores. Therefore, this safe, simple and modern technique which requires no cost and equipment can be used in maternity hospitals.

Health surveillance systems are now paying more attention to infectious diseases, largely because of emerging and re-emerging infections. The main objective of this research is presenting a statistical method for modeling infectious disease incidence based on the Bayesian approach. Since infectious diseases have two phases, namely epidemic and non-epidemic, joint distributions seem preferable for modeling disease incidence. We used a hidden Markov model - suitable for joint distributions- to arrive at a statistical model applicable to infectious diseases. Parameter estimation was done using a Bayesian method. The resulting model was then applied to monthly incidence rates for malaria to test the model's applicability to real data. The error sum of squares of the model fitted to monthly incidence rates for malaria was 190.59 and the coefficient of determination between observed and fitted values was 0.84. It appears that the hidden Markov model with a cyclic regression equation has a proper goodness of fit when applied to malaria incidence rates. The hidden Markov model is an efficient statistical tool for modeling infectious disease incidence rates.