رویا اکبرزاده

In recent years, usage of sex pheromones as a replacement for pesticides against harmful insects has gained great interest due to their important ecological advantages like high specificity, biodegradability and low toxicity. The stem borer, Sesamia cretica Lederer (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Amphipyrinae), is one of the main insect pests of sorghum, maize, sugarcane, and cereal crops in the Mediterranean area. The components of sex pheromone of this insect was identified as consisting of (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol (80%), (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-yl acetate (10%), and (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol (10%). The previous reports for the synthesis of these compounds suffer from several problems such as difficult procedure, harmful solvents and low overall yields. in this research an efficient strategy for the synthesis of the main component of this pheromone is described from safe and readily available starting materials.

Using novel methods of clinical evaluation is an important policy of educational institutions. Logbooks are among the most effective, novel techniques of clinical activity evaluation. The present study aimed to design, implement, and evaluate an electronic logbook to enhance the quality of evaluating operating room and anesthesiology field apprentices.

This was a combined research. In the qualitative stage, field apprenticeship logbooks were developed using the Delphi method in a purpose-based manner. Following that, the web-based electronic version was designed for Android. In the quantitative stage, clinical evaluation was performed on 30 BSc students of operating room and anesthesiology at Sabzevar School of Paramedical Sciences, Iran. At the end of the semester, a satisfaction scale was completed by the students and analyzed using descriptive statistics.

In total, operating room students of the seventh semester (n=18) and anesthesiology students of the eighth semester (n=12) were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the participants was 21-22 years. The operating room and anesthesiology students had favorable and excellent satisfaction with all the items of the clinical apprenticeship evaluation using the electronic logbook.

According to the results, using an electronic logbook by clinical professors could enhance the performance of students and motivate students to increase their clinical competence in conducting various procedures in the operating room during the apprenticeship period.

The rapid changes resulting from the use of technology in human life have brought about dramatic changes. Therefore there is a need to revise traditional teaching methods and use modern and student-centered approaches by educational systems. The aim of this study was to compare the two methods of electronic and traditional education on learning anesthesia machine in anesthesiology students of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences.

 This is a semi-experimental study conducted in the academic year of 1397 on 63 anesthesiology students of the 5th and 7th semesters of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. The traditional method of anesthesia machine was taught to students in the operating room and the software method of anesthesia machine was taught by visiting the reputable site https://static.draeger.com. After completing the training, both groups completed their respective checklists

 Students' pre-post learning score in both groups was15/77±11/386 and 19/55±9/128و  which was not statistically significant (P = 0.088). The mean (standard deviation) of students' learning score post-test in both groups was38/03±7/088 and 37/61±7/066  which was not statistically significant (P = 0.994).

The mean scores of students' learning in both e-learning and traditional teaching methods were similar. Since students had no restrictions on how often they use the site, this is a significant feature of the learning process, and considering the students' willingness to use new teaching methods, the use of electronic teaching methods for students can be recommended.

Neuropathic pain is one of the common, important, and irritating complications in diabetes.  Despite the importance of this pain, there is still no effective treatment for that. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of evening primrose oil and gabapentin on neuropathic pain in patients with type 2 diabetes. This triple-blind clinical trial was performed on 70 patients with diabetic neuropathy who obtained score 2 from the Michigan Questionnaire and referred to the Department of Endocrinology at Khayyam clinic affiliated to Hakim Hospital in  Neyshabour from December 2017 to May 2018. The participants were divided into two groups of 35 people. The intervention group was treated with a capsule of evening primrose oil orally  (1000 mg) twice daily for three months and gabapentin (300 mg) daily. On the other hand, the control group was treated with gabapentin (300 mg) and placebo. The neuropathy pain severity was measured before and after the end of three-month intervention using Michigan and McGill Pain Questionnaires. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software (version 21) through Fisher's exact test, ANCOVA, multilevel logistic regression, Mann Whitney U test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and the Chi-square tests. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. According to the results obtained from the McGill questionnaire, the mean scores of neuropathy before the intervention were obtained at 10.12±0.57 and 9.85±0.65 in the intervention and control groups, respectively. However,  the mean scores of neuropathy after the intervention were estimated at 6.18±0.48 and 8.31±0.60 in the intervention and control groups, respectively, which was statistically significant (P<0.02). Evening primrose oil is effective in reducing neuropathic pain in type 2 diabetic patients. Therefore, this can be a supplementary treatment for reducing pain associated with diabetic neuropathy.

Consultation is a helpful process in which a counselor, with all his might, is trying to create the right ability to make decision in the volunteer. Considering the necessity of the students’ educational guidance and the critical position of the consultant professor in the professional development of students, this study aimed to assess the satisfaction of students of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences from the performance of counselors.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in 350 students of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences in a census sampling. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire and reliability was performed by Cronbach’s alpha and formal and content validity. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20 software.

The results of the research show that 76.1% of the students are satisfied with the performance of counselors. The highest level of satisfaction was observed in the item of “respecting ethical principles and respect for mutual respect to students” and the least amount of satisfaction related to the item of “the possibility of timely access to the consultant’s professor”.

The results showed that the majority of students participating in the study had a good satisfaction. Professors who are skilled and experienced can make changes, positive changes and advisories, which can create enormous changes in students. Therefore, it is suggested that university authorities, by conducting the proper planning of the selection of professors in specialized counseling, and, on the other hand, by inducing the motives of counselors, will witness the most successful process of student counseling.

Stroke is a debilitating and chronic disease. Caring of a patient with stroke can affect caregiver’s life dimensions, especially their quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of patient care education on caregivers’ quality of life of stroke patient.
This randomized field trial was performed on 120stroke patients who were hospitalized in Vasei hospital in Sabzevar in 2014. Research units were randomly assigned to two groups: intervention group (n=60) and control group (n=60).Both groups completed SF-36 questionnaire before and one month after education. Data analyzed through chi-square, wilcoxon, paired t-test and independent t-test with STATAsoftware(V.12) with 5% significant level.
The results revealed that, one month after education, scores of quality of life was significantly higher in intervention group than control group. The most differences were in General Health (p=1.000), Role ofPhysical(p=1.000) and Role of Emotion (1.000).
Teaching caring to caregivers of stroke patients leaded to enhancement of knowledge and skill in caring of patients and, finally, increased their quality of life. So,the importance of teaching care skills to caregivers by nurses must be paid more attention than before.

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in the women and، since nutrition is one of the factors in thise disease، the present study was conducted to assess the effect of energy، macro nutrients and antioxidants intake in women on the breast cancer in Sabzevar. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 125woman with breast cancer in Sabzevarin 2011. Census sampling was done in homes by volunteers and referral of suspected women to mammography، ultra sound and radiology clinicand، also، and Sabzevar center of cancer statisticsforexaminationand diagnosis of breast cancer. After writting informed consent by patients، a demographic questionnaire and semi-quantitative frequency of 160 foods wascompleted by the trained interviewers. The obtained nutritional information was analysedusing the Software Nutritioni IV. Descriptive statistics، frequency، one-sample t-test and non-parametric X2 tests were assessed using SPSS 16 software، and 05/ 0>p was considered as significant level. The mean BMI of patients was 22. 5±5. 7 kg/m2، the average age of women was 50. 7 ± 1years، mean of the first menstrual period was 13. 2±1. 6 years and mean of menopause 46. 4±4. 7years. Dietary assessment showed mean of energy، protein، fat and carbohydrate intakes were 2309±1389. 24، 64. 26​​±19. 05، 65. 84±21. 70 and 363. 79± 154. 72، respectively (P<0. 05). Also، in this study، energy and macronutrients intakeswere rather than dietary standard values، andantioxidants of vitamin A، E، C and selenium intake were less than dietary standard values in women. The findings showed that energy and macronutrients intakesrather than dietary standard values، and antioxidants intake was less than dietary standard values in women.

Evidence-based nursing guidelines can significantly improve the quality of nursing care. A key prerequisite for improving care quality is quality assessment. Meanwhile، a key indicator of healthcare quality is the quality of nursing care. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of implementing evidence-based guidelines on the quality of nursing care provided to patients with angina pectoris. This pretest-posttest clinical trial was conducted in 2014 on 76 patients in Khatam Al-Anbia hospital، Gonbad-e Kavoos city، Iran. A standardized questionnaire was used for assessing the quality of nursing care standards both before and after educating evidence-based nursing guidelines. The SPSS v. 15. 0 was used for conducting statistical tests such as the paired- and independent-samples t and the Chi-square. Before the study، the means of documentation quality in four areas of nursing diagnosis، care planning، implementation، and evaluation were respectively 0. 94 (0. 19)، 0. 63 (0. 10)، 11. 57 (0. 23)، and 2. 57 (0. 18)، and. After the study، these values increased to 3. 2 (0. 14)، 3. 52 (0. 17)، 15. 36 (0. 22)، and 5. 7 (0. 23)، respectively. The differences between the pretest and posttest readings were statistically significant (p<0. 001). Given the significant effects of implementing evidence-based nursing guidelines on the quality of nursing care standards، educational managers of hospitals need to develop effective strategies for facilitating evidence-based nursing practice.

having appropriate nutrition can affect the quality and quantity of adolescent students’ growth; therefore this study was conducted to assess the nutritional status and its relationship to the educational achievement among adolescent students. This cross sectional study was carried out on 800 adolescent students who were in a range age of 14-18 years in Sabzevar، Iran. Multi-stage random sampling was used. in order to this، after receiving permission from Sabzevar Education Office، subjects were randomly selected from the first to fourth grade girlish and boyish high schools of city and then، demographic checklist، academic information and food frequency questionnaire were completed by students. Also، their weight and height were measured using standard methods. The quantity of food mentioned in food frequency questionnaire was converted to gram through the domestic index guideline. Next، every food was coded biased on Nutritionist IV instructions and analysis was performed via descriptive statistics، frequency and the correlation coefficient and one sample t-test by means of SPSS 16 software in a significant level of P<0. 05. The mean BMI of female and male students were 20. 3±2. 7 and 19. 5±3. 2 kg/m2، respectively. Dietary assessment showed amount of Energy، vitamins A، C، D، folic acid، calcium، iron and zinc intake were less than DRI (P <0. 05). Also، among all of the nutrients there was only observed a significant correlation between iron intake and total average score and specific average scores in female students (P <0. 05). The findings of this study indicated a lower intake of some nutrients among sabzevarian high school students than the DRI.

Background and Thalassemia major is a hematic hereditary disease with high rate of incidence in Iran. Malnutrition and growth retardation is prevalent in these patients. This study was done to assess the nutritional status and blood indices in patients with β-thalassemia major. This cross sectional study was conducted in 72 individuals with thalassemia major aged 10-20 years. Systematic sampling was done in patients attending Mashhad and Sabzevar thalassemia clinics. Written informed consent was obtained from patients who were willing to participate in the study. Data was collected through the semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire which was completed by trained interviewers. Nutritional information was studied in Nutritionist IV. To measure blood indices 5 ml blood was drawn from the patients. Descriptive statistics, one sample t-test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests were performed in SPSS V.16. P<0.05 was considered as significant level. In this study there were 55.6% female and 44.4% male. The mean BMI of patients were 19.05±3.74 and 18.99±3.7 kg/m2, respectively. Dietary assessment showed that the mean of macronutrient intakes were more than dietary standard values except for cholesterol and fiber. Also, intake of micronutrient, were less than dietary standard values except in taking B vitamins, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and sodium. Values of Hb and Hct were found to be less than the standard level but serum ferritin was more than normal range. The findings showed that deficiency of micronutrients due to malnutrition is prevalent in thalassemia patients.

Cardiovascular diseases are major factor in reducing the amount of sleep and increased nighttime wakefulness. Due to the many complications resulting from medication, non-pharmacological methods that can improve the quality of sleep in patients with chronic heart disease, seems to be reasonable. This study aimed to assess the effect of the Benson relaxation technique on quality of sleep in patients with chronic heart disease. The study design is a randomized clinical trial. The study population comprised 60 patients with chronic heart disease referring to Vasei hospital in Sabzevar that randomly divided into control group (n =30) and intervention group (n =30). The intervention Group did Benson relaxation exercises for 20 minutes twice a day over a month. Tools for data collection Consists of; demographic form and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index that in two times before and after the intervention were completed. Data with Mann-Whitney test, Chi-square, Fisher exact, Wilcoxon tests and Analysis of Covariance and using SPSS statistical software version 11.5 and with significance level p˂0/05 were analyzed. The mean± SD quality of sleep in the intervention group before making a gentle Benson relaxation was; 10/33±4/41 that after the intervention was decreased to 7/5±4/01. Analysis of the data in average sleep quality of participants in the intervention group before and after the intervention showed significant differences (P< 0/001). Benson relaxation has desired effect on sleep quality of patients with chronic heart diseases, so it can be used as a complementary therapy to improve sleep quality in these patients.

Semen is one of the factors in preparing endometrium for embryo implantation. This is in contrast with public believed that immune response to antigen in ejaculated semen will disrupt fertility and pregnancy. The aim of this study was investigation of the influence of seminal plasma injection on Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) success among infertile couples. This clinical trial was conducted on 140 infertile couples undergoing ICSI treatment in Kosar infertility clinic and reproductive health research center of Urmia، Iran during 2010-2011. Couples were randomly divided into seminal plasma injection and control groups. Cry preserved seminal plasma was prepared 30-60 minutes before embryo transferring. bHCG test and sonography was performed respectively at day 14 and between 6th to 12th weeks after embryo transfer. Outcomes were compared between two groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 and chi-square test. P value less than 0. 05 was considered significant. There were no significant differences in number of oocyte، quantity and quality of transferred embryo between two groups (p>0. 05). Rate of implantation based onβHCG results were 24. 3% (17 women) in intervention group and 25. 5% (18 women) in control group. Rate of abortion was 18. 7% (n=2) and 11. 1% (n=3) in intervention and control groups، respectively. There were no significant differences in implantation rate (p=1) and early abortion rate (p=0. 5) between two groups. Intravaginal application of seminal plasma has no effects on fertility outcomes in patients undergoing ICSI treatment.

The role of teacher-student interaction and collaboration in solving linguistic problems has recently been in the center of SLA research. Accordingly, this study investigated the effect of Oral Interactive Feedback (OIF) on the accuracy and complexity of Iranian intermediate EFL learners’ writing. After ensuring the homogeneity using Preliminary English Test (PET), the researchers randomly assigned 50 sophomores into OIF group and Explicit Feedback (EF) group, with 25 students in each of them. The participants in the OIF group received oral interactive feedback, including elicitation and metalinguistic clues, on their written errors, while those in the EF group received oral explicit correction on their written errors. Data collection was based on immediate revisions of compositions and a post-test. Using ANCOVA, the researchers found that the OIF group outperformed the EF group in terms of both accuracy and complexity in both revised compositions and post-test. The findings from the study may encourage language teachers’ further use of OIF, using elicitation and metalinguistic clues, in treating EFL learners’ errors in written discourse.

Title: Evaluation of individual characteristics، family history and blood group in women with breast cancer in Sabzevar، 1391 Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women globally. This disease has varied Incidence and mortality rate in different communities which this variation is affected by some factors such as age، sex، race، socioeconomic and marital status، geographic location and lifestyle. this study aimed to examine individual characteristics، family history and blood group in women with breast cancer in Sabzevar. In this cross-sectional survey، 218 women with age of older than 20 years suffering from breast cancer were identified through census method by health volunteers from 1380 to 1389 in Sabzevar. Needed information was collected using an interview form whose validity and reliability were approved via face validity and content and test-retest method. Obtained data was analyzed using spss software and descriptive statistics was applied to calculate indexes and frequencies. among 218 patients، 125 (57. 3 percent) were alive. the Subjects’ average age was 52. 85± 1. 2 with a Maximum and minimum age of 86 and 28 years old، respectively. among 124 live patients، 26 patients (21 %) of them had a history of breast cancer in the family. If there is a first-degree relatives with breast cancer، chance of getting cancer would be higher than other cases (46. 1 %). The most and least frequency of blood group were O (37. 6 %) and AB + (6. 9 percent)، respectively. findings of the present study revealed that the family history and blood group of O can be considered as risk factors of developing breast cancer in Sabzevar. The mean age of onset is lower than the worldwide age. Enhance، these issues should be noticed in the planning of health services.

Medical record is a supporter for patients rights as well as medical staff. Forensics is also one of the majors which uses medical records. The aim of this study is a determination of accountability rates in referred items to Legal Medicine Organization during 1388.

This study is a descriptive and applied one. Referred cases to Legal Medicine Organization during year 1388 formed the study population. According to the number of these cases, 790 records from mentioned patients’ record have been selected randomly and determined in four fields (outpatient examinations, cause of death, medical malpractice, and psychiatry). The gathering data tool was a checklist which had been designed according to Forensic standard records. Data analyzing were done by descriptive statistics through SPSS software.

According to determinations, 43.5% of referred records were in medical malpractice, 15.8% in psychiatry, 11.5% in cause of death, and 29.1% in outpatient examinations. The efficacy of medical records in malpractice was 85.5%, in psychiatry 63.2%, in cause of death 82.4%, and in outpatient examinations was 53.5%. Also, 44% of 387 referred impairment cases has been determined.

The research findings showed an acceptable efficacy rate in medical records. The imperfections in the records could be resolved by relevant experts, during summarizing and preparing these cases for medical error commissions; also, in the absence of papers or documents, elimination of defects is done through renewed request from hospital. Based on our Findings, a significant proportion of medical records, which had been sent from medical centers, in the first stage didn’t have required documentation. Therefore, medical staffs training would be necessary in hospitals and medical centers as well as documenting and declaring legal documentations.

Introduction& Stress is a negative excitement that is in accordance with biochemical، psychological، and behaviorl changes. The main events of living as the stressor factors have significant effects on the body and psyche of a person. So، this study aims to assess the intensity of stressor events in Sabzevar residents in order to take effective steps in reduction and prevention of the related stressors. In thprent descriptive – analytical study which was conducted on 1581 city –dwellers with the age range of 18 to 65 years of age in 2007 which were randomly selected through stratified sampling. Relevant data were collected through a questionnaire، a scale and a meter، and were analyzed in SPSS using descriptive and analytical statistics. The total study population consisted of 829 women (%52. 4)، and 741 men (%46. 9). From the stressor events point of view the results showed that the most prevalent stressors were relatively the rising of life expenses، inadequate earnings، the responsibility of house chores (173 people)، the death of a family member caused by a fatal disease (170 people)، debt، bankruptcy and finally temporary unemployment. On the basis of the study findings، stressor events in the field of economic problems were considerable and the necessity of employment and educating the methods of stressors management can be an important step toward the reduction and prevention of the problems.

Background and Most congenital anomalies are preventable and their identification and prevention are much more cost-effective than their treatment and rehabilitation. The present study was conducted to determine the incidence of apparent congenital anomalies in neonates born in Mobini Maternity Hospital in Sabzevar Iran. Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional deh1ive research was conducted on all neonates born with apparent anomalies from February 2005 to February 2006. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire including the information on parents neonate and the anomaly which was confirmed by a pediatrician. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS 11.5 using chi-square. Out of 7786 live neonates 191 cases (2.4%) had distinct congenital anomalies. Incidence of anomalies was 56.5% in males (108 cases) which was significantly higher than females (p....

If pregnancy prolongs more than 42 weeks it is called prolonged pregnancy. It occurs in 10 percent of pregnancies. This problem increases the maternal morbidity and fetal morbidity and mortality. In order to avoid these complications and to manage prolonged pregnancies, different methods are used. The two current ways are the induction of labor at 41 weeks and the expecting management of pregnancy. The goal of this study was to compare the effectiveness of expecting management and induction in prolonged pregnancies. In this study 160 pregnant women with pregnancy age more than 41 weeks referring the Mobini Hospital in Sabzevar in the year 2005 were studied. After accurate determination of pregnancy age the patients were classified into two groups of elective induction and expecting management of pregnancy. The former group was admitted in hospital and the last were cared. Data was gathered through the questionnaire and analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results of this study showed that there was no difference in maternal and fetal complications such as meconium staining, fetal distress, and birth-time Apgar, weight and sex of neonates between the two groups. Incidence of cesarean section in elective induction was 57/5 % and in the expecting management of pregnancy was 22/5 % (p< 0/01). Also according to the results the mean time of hospitalization, differed in the two groups (2/17versus 1/17day, p < 0.05). According to the lack of maternal and fetal complications in expecting management of pregnancy, this method can be used for management of prolonged pregnancy instead of the elective induction in 41 weeks.

Background and Life style is the style one adopts throughout life and is considered as one of the important factors in mental and physical health. It is also affected by culture, race religion, geographical, economical and social factor, as well as by beliefs. The present study was conducted to defermine the life style of people living Sabzevar, Iran so that, upon a good knowledge of their life style, an appropriate guide is suggested to policy makers to help people make modifications to their life style. Methods and Materials: This research is a descriptive analytical study. People living in Sabzevar, Iran with age 18 to 65 years old were the study population, out of which 1537 subjects were selected through stratified random sampling. Instruments used for data collection were questionnaires, weight scale and a meter. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using descriptive and analytical data. According to the findings, 46.9% were men and the rest (52.4%) were women. As for the life style, dominant figures included smoking 12.2%, physical activity 37.8%, sleep disorders 54.6%, abnormal BMI in men and woman 43.2% and 56.7% respectively, solid oil use 43.3% and use of vegetables and fruit 14.4%. The findings of this study revealed that the life style of people living in sabzevar(Low physical activity, obesity, smoking, inappropriate diet) is a considerable health problem and requires continuous intervention programs to being modifications into personal behaviors and life style.