زهرا تجری موذنی

A conflict of interest is a situation in which some individuals, whether natural or legal entities, can make one or more decisions related to a specific issue, and if the decision maker makes a decision in favor of certain individuals, a conflict of interest has occurred. This is the case with state-owned companies. It is more important because governments give legitimacy to this process by making regulations. Considering that regulation can provide the fields for the activities of state-owned companies, deregulation in the form of removing or modifying regulations. It can balance the presence of private and public companies in the economy. Based on the principles stipulated in the competition law, the possibility of conflict of interest in the case of state-owned companies is more than other companies active in the economic field. Based on this, the main question that this research seeks to answer is to examine legal solutions to resolve The conflict is between state-owned companies. The solutions presented in this article can be divided into two categories: normative and structural. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical, and the library method was used to collect the sources. The results of this research show that deregulation and creating equal opportunities between public and private companies play an important role in improving the performance of these companies and resolving conflicts.

Examining legal issues from an economic point of view, from an economic basis, and the conditions for claiming damages in arbitration and proceedings are important issues that need to be discussed. This article is descriptive and analytical and has investigated the mentioned subject by using the library method. The findings indicate that in arbitration, since it is not subject to the rules of civil procedure, it is not possible to claim the arbitration fee from the parties. Tasbib, on the other hand, is the most common type of civil liability and has various faces, one of which is the damage caused by refusing to pay the right, which also includes legal damages. Regarding litigation damages in lawsuits before judicial authorities, the results show that costs such as litigation costs, local research, expert fees and expenses are among litigation damages. According to Article 515 of the Civil Procedure Law, the legislator, according to the general ruling, has placed the payment of damages on the defendant, whether he is the claimant or the conviction of the defendant, But on the other hand, in this case, due to the difficulty of ascertaining the intention of the plaintiff, the court can consider the principle of filing a false lawsuit in itself as evidence of the plaintiff's fault and knowledge. Of course, in the case where the claimant is seeking legal damages, it is not necessary to pay attention to the knowledge and intent of the defendant.

Homicide, as a general word, is attributed to all illegal killings, including murder and manslaughter, sometimes leading to benefits for the perpetrator. All murders are not intentional; some are unintentional and legal, such as murdering due to legitimate defense or an attack by a crazy person, which are considered justified despite being intentional. It is to be noted that intentional murder is taking the life of another person life with malice. Regarding this crime, the primary victimized person, who loses life as the significant life capital, sometimes creates the grounds for committing the crime. As a result, they are the ones who motivate the murderer. Therefore, creating a favorable situation and conditions for committing a crime by the victim, which creates a dangerous situation for the murderer, and the one who inevitably commits the crime, makes the murder beneficial for the perpetrator. The present study aimed to elaborate the approach of Imamiyah jurisprudence and, accordingly, the criminal law related to the perpetrators of murder based on benefit. The results derived by descriptive-analytical study of related jurisprudence and legal sources indicate that the newly emerging criminological subject has been the focus of thinkers in Imamiyah jurisprudence and criminal law. Perpetrators of such criminal behavior are not considered blameworthy, and a permissive and sometimes reductionist approach is taken toward them. Moreover, this is what has been taken in the subject of criminal law.

Article 85 of the Iranian Maritime Law approved in 1343, which was added in 1391, assigned duties to the captain of the ship to manage the crime scene on the ship as a bailiff in the event of a crime being committed. Basically, the actions of the captain of the ship are carried out within the framework of the criminal procedure law. In this essay, the researcher is trying to answer the question by analyzing the research records and investigations that have been done, based on the criminal policy of Iran, what is the status of the captain of the ship as a bailiff when the crime occurs?

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method.

The captain of the ship, in the position of the general bailiff, according to the duty assigned by the Iranian maritime law, in the event of a crime occurring inside the vessel under his command, he should, within the framework of the criminal procedure law, first try to discover the crime, preserve the traces and signs and Collect evidence of the crime, identify, find and prevent the escape and hiding of the accused, and in the next step, according to the location of the ship, make the necessary arrangements to obtain the assignment regarding how to continue the investigation and deliver the accused to the competent judicial authority. .

Today, the importance of information technology in order to increase the speed and accuracy of various activities of organizations and as a result to increase their productivity is clearly defined. Judiciary is one of the organizations that has made the provision of electronic services the basis of services in order to increase the speed and ease of judicial services, with the minimum physical presence of citizens and to prevent the delay of proceedings. This research with a descriptive and analytical method and with the aim of investigating the impact and role of technology in the judicial policies of the country seeks to increase the speed, accuracy, efficiency and security in the provision of legal and judicial services and the realization of a comprehensive electronic judicial system. The results show that the Judiciary is obliged to develop the electronic information and communication of the Judiciary, centers and related organizations, to complete and update the data and information of the National Judiciary Data Center and to develop the services of this center and fully establish the National Justice Network. Combining the judicial system and justice system with information and communication technology in substantive and formative issues, not only provides cost and performance management, but also helps to develop quality standards and provides various benefits.

Temporary marriage is one of the specific contracts of Shiite jurisprudence, which in some rulings differs from permanent marriage, including the issue of inheritance of couples. Accordingly, the main question that the present study tries to give a descriptive-analytical answer to is, "Do couples inherit from each other in a temporary marriage?". According to research, while there is no difference among Imami jurists regarding the inheritance of couples from each other, there is disagreement about the inheritance of couples from each other in temporary marriage, and some believe in the absolute permission of inheritance and in contrast to another group, it is believed that the nature of temporary marriage is not appropriate for inheritance. In the meantime, a third group of jurists has presented a detailed theory and, by considering the principle of inheritance or non-inheritance, has added to the existing differences regarding the ruling of the mentioned subject. In the present study, while explaining the opinion of Imami jurists and analyzing the available evidence, the well-known view that there is a "principle of non-inheritance unless the condition of inheritance" has been strengthened.

In the Holy Sharia of Islam and according to it the criminal laws of Iran, in an intentional crime, the victim, as the owner of the right to retribution, is given the possibility to waive his right to the killer, or by compensating for free or receiving money or property or rights, forgive him for his right. In addition to the fact that the Holy Sharia of Islam considers the right of retribution to be one of the personal rights of parents or guardians, the criminal law sometimes has prohibited it. Among these cases is Article 432 of the Islamic Penal Code, which prohibits the owner of the right of retribution as the heir, if the deceased was in debt. The findings by the descriptive-analytical study investigate the reason for this prohibition and indicate that the criminal law of Iran prohibits the owner of the right of retribution when the deceased is in debt due to the preservation of rights of creditors.