نشریه امنیت انتظامی دریایی
پیاپی 52 (بهار 1402)

Criminalization of terrorist activities is one of the basic and important measures to prevent and fight against this phenomenon. The development of dimensions and scope of terrorist acts and the loss of life and money caused by terrorism has caused many countries to approve special laws and regulations to punish its perpetrators. In this way, the contribution of international treaties in the said development should not be neglected. In fact, treaties and in other words contractual rights are one of the ways of criminalizing some actions in the international arena that are not criminalized according to customary law. In this thesis, the researcher tries to investigate and analyze the criminalization of maritime terrorism in international conventions and the strategies of governments in facing and suppressing maritime terrorism.

The research method is analytical-descriptive.

If the origin of maritime terrorism and the basis of organization, equipping, financing and even training is related to governments and government groups, due to the benefit of complex facilities, on the one hand, it will increase the sphere of influence and the impact factor. increases, which makes the fight difficult.

Interpol police organization is an organization that was formed with the cooperation of different governments. The reason for this cooperation was the very important role of governments in preventing international crimes and establishing international order and security, including maritime order and security. Today, the international order is facing major challenges, including crimes such as genocide, crimes against humanity, and cybercrimes. Factors such as organization, transnationalization, and the use of the Internet (virtual space) have facilitated the commission of crimes. In such a situation, the necessity of cooperation between governments and related institutions is felt more than ever. For this reason, the International Police Organization was formed for the mutual cooperation of governments in the field of fighting international crimes and establishing public order.

The research method in this thesis is descriptive and library. In this method, the writer has analyzed, interpreted and collected the materials by using library sources, published books and legal sources.

The results and findings of the research:

 At the national police level, as the most important executive institution to deal with crimes, while knowing the concepts and examples of different types of crime, including smuggling, they should use new scientific, technical and police methods to combat them at the international level. international and in order to more effectively fight against all kinds of crimes and establish order and security, the international police, which has the role of executive and operational support between the police of different countries, is coordinated and uses new methods to fight crimes and establish order and security Set an example.

Sahifa Sajjadiyyah, which is mentioned in the Psalms of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) and the Gospel of the Ahl al-Bayt, is one of the most important and authoritative Islamic texts after the Holy Quran. This book is a collection of 54 prayers and supplications that Imam Sajjad (peace be upon him) recited and Imam Baqir (peace be upon him) and his brother Zayd bin Ali wrote it in two versions. The twenty-seventh prayer of Sahifa Sajjadiyah is one of the famous prayers of Imam Sajjad (a.s.) about the border guards of Islam. In this prayer, Hazrat Zain al-Abidin (a.s.) prayed for the stability of Muslim borders and asked God for knowledge, patience, sincerity, faith, piety and abundance of numbers for the border guards. The main theme of the twenty-seventh prayer of Sahifa Sajjadiyeh is the characteristics of the frontiersmen of Islam in all times. Protecting the territorial borders of any country is one of the most important duties of governments. In the system of the Islamic Republic, the police force is responsible for the security of the border points in line with its duties and within the framework of the border police.

The research aims to investigate and analyze the characteristics of frontiersmen and frontiersmen in the twenty-seventh prayer of Sajjadiyeh in a descriptive-analytical way.

Results and findings of the research:

 The results show that this prayer is all-encompassing, comprehensive, has subtle monotheistic, moral and mystical points in the battle scene and lists the features of the frontiersmen in the language of prayer. In this prayer, the qualities and characteristics of border guards are mentioned, such as: insight, patience, goodwill, courage, avoiding fame and hypocrisy, sincere action for God, seeking martyrdom, believing in God, the need to learn defense doctrines and tactical techniques of war and border management

The progress of science in various fields and the abuse of this by criminals in committing crimes has raised a special and new type of criminal phenomenon called transnational crimes at the international level, which is now due to its rapid growth, the society The world has faced various challenges in social, legal, political and economic dimensions. The specific characteristics governing this type of crime, especially its organized type, and the destructive effects that result from the commission of these crimes, prompted the international community to increase its cooperation against these crimes in transnational dimensions. The purpose of writing this research is to analyze the role of international police (Interpol) of coastal countries in preventing international cybercrimes.

The current research is an applied research and its method is a survey. The statistical population of the research is commanders and managers of the first level of police command of the province, of which 28 people have been selected using the full number. In order to collect data, the researcher-made questionnaire of International Police Role (INTERPOL) and the researcher-made questionnaire of prevention of international cybercrimes were used. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by respected professors and its reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha formula of 0.78 and 0.86, respectively. In order to inferential analysis of the data obtained from measurement tools, spss software and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, correlation coefficient, regression and Friedman test were used.

The findings show that the role of the international police (Interpol) in preventing international cybercrimes has a positive and significant effect. Also, the components of the role of the international police (Interpol) (police diplomacy tools, capacity building) have a positive and significant effect in preventing international cybercrimes. According to Friedman's test, the highest average was allocated to police diplomacy tools and finally to capacity building.

The results show that the INTERPOL organization, based on an information-oriented approach, seeks to deal with and manage cybercrimes strategically at the national, regional and international levels.

Cyber attacks have been increasing rapidly over the years, sometimes resulting in large financial losses for businesses, recoveries, regulatory sanctions, as well as collateral damage, such as reputation and trust. In this regard, the maritime sector, which until now was considered safe due to the lack of internet connectivity and the isolated nature of ships at sea, is witnessing a 900% increase in cyber security breaches in operational technology as we enter the digital age. Although some research is being done in this area, maritime cyber security has not been explored in depth. Hence, this research scrutinizes the cyber security landscape in the maritime sector with the aim of highlighting security problems and challenges. Then, it describes and analyzes possible mitigation measures that can be used in advance to prevent such attacks. Finally, several challenges and open problems for future research are discussed.

The research aims to investigate and analyze the challenges of cyber security in the marine and commercial ships in a descriptive-analytical way.

IT and OT systems in modern ships should be prepared with more advanced security measures due to their high vulnerability to cyber threats. In this article, we discuss some possible countermeasures that could reduce potential cyberattacks and make the transportation industry a tough target, such as implementing a new security standard that would reduce the number and scope of cyberattacks. put. However, many security challenges remain unsolved, especially with the increasing use of autonomous and semi-autonomous vessels.

Article 85 of the Iranian Maritime Law approved in 1343, which was added in 1391, assigned duties to the captain of the ship to manage the crime scene on the ship as a bailiff in the event of a crime being committed. Basically, the actions of the captain of the ship are carried out within the framework of the criminal procedure law. In this essay, the researcher is trying to answer the question by analyzing the research records and investigations that have been done, based on the criminal policy of Iran, what is the status of the captain of the ship as a bailiff when the crime occurs?

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method.

The captain of the ship, in the position of the general bailiff, according to the duty assigned by the Iranian maritime law, in the event of a crime occurring inside the vessel under his command, he should, within the framework of the criminal procedure law, first try to discover the crime, preserve the traces and signs and Collect evidence of the crime, identify, find and prevent the escape and hiding of the accused, and in the next step, according to the location of the ship, make the necessary arrangements to obtain the assignment regarding how to continue the investigation and deliver the accused to the competent judicial authority. .