زهره حسنی

The purpose of this study is to identify and evaluate the factors (internal and external) affecting the ecosystem of corruption in sports, so by identifying these factors, competitive corruption is analyzed. The research population is 23 university professors who have a history of research and study in the field of corruption. Based on the literature review and research background, 11 indicators were identified and extracted in 4 main dimensions: a) Contemporary Sports Characteristics. b) Governance. c) Extrapartial Levels. d) Consequence. To analyze the data, the combined method of fuzzy multi-criteria decision theory including ANP based on DEMATEL was used. The results showed that the “Consequence” index and “Extrapartial Levels” were the most effective factors, as well as the indicators of the “Contemporary Sports Characteristics” and “Governance”, were recognized as the most Impressive factors. The results of factor prioritization showed that the main indicators of Governance have the highest final weight. Although the Consequence in the corruption cycle is the last stage of this phenomenon, but in the effectiveness cycle, as the first and most effective indicator, it affects other criteria, because as the primary stimuli, the possibility of perceiving the risks associated with participation. It also explains the profit and loss conditions of corrupt activities. By adapting the system of crime and punishment, increasing financial crimes and severe disciplinary sanctions of corrupt people, severe restrictions on pardoning corrupt officials and preventing their re-entry, and establishment of monitoring systems can play an effective role in reducing sports corruption.

The purpose of this research is to identify and evaluate the factors (internal and external) affecting the normalization of corruption in sports, therefore, by identifying these indicators, sports corruption is analyzed. The research community consists of 23 international experts who have a history of research and study in the field of corruption. Based on literature review and research background, 15 indicators were identified and extracted. For data analysis, the combined method of fuzzy multi-criteria decision theory including: ANP based on DEMATEL was used. The results of the causal-disability relationships of this research showed that the indicators of the external world (8 indicators) were recognized as the influencing factors (cause). Among these, the lost paradise index, the frequency of corruption opportunities, and the low cost of participating in corruption were the most effective, respectively. Establishing a monitoring and investigation system to identify corrupt structures and limit the opportunities for corruption, adapting the crime and punishment system, trying to deal with indifference and social numbness, creating efficient educational systems to bring the society together. With the strategy of denouncing corruption, creating incentive mechanisms for whistle-blowing actions can greatly reduce the tolerance of corruption in the society and eliminate the ease of participation in corruption.

The main purpose of the current paper is the Scientometric analysis of scientific productions in sports science based on the articles indexed in the Web of Science during the years 2012-2022.

In terms of type and nature, the current research is an applied one in which scientific techniques and indicators are used. The statistical population of this research includes all the articles indexed in Web of Science in the 10-year period of 2012-2022 in sports sciences. VOSviewer software was used to draw the co-authorship network of organizations, the density map of countries and the co-occurrence of words.

The results stated that the highest and lowest scientific productions in the focused area were in 2021 and 2012, respectively. According to the data obtained from the VOSviewer software, there are 36 nodes and 335 links in the map. The topics of "higher education", "sports science", "performance", and "physical training" were identified as the topic clusters of the field based on the clustering of high-frequency words. The countries of Spain and Australia have more density in articles than Italy, Germany, Turkey and republic of China (p<0.01). The cluster analysis of the co-authorship network of countries in the field of sports sciences states that the network consists of 5 distinct clusters.

The convergence of various words such as "exercise", "education" and "sports" in drawing the scientific map illustrates the importance and necessity of the awareness in researchers interested in the topic, who can introduce the best author, country and organizations and also draw a proper picture and insight of the process and content of this field.

One of the important applications of scientometrics is the drawing scientific maps, which is done using various techniques, including co-citation. The aim of this study was to draw a scientific map or the intellectual structure of the sponsorship in sports in the Web of Science (WoS).

This scientometric study was conducted using co-citation analysis. The statistical population of the current study was all research articles in the field of sponsorship in sports during 2002-2022, indexed in the WoS and used the keyword "Sponsorship in sports". After the data were extracted from the database, they were analyzed using the VOSviewer software and the co-citation method.

The scientific map of sponsorship in sports consists of 5 thematic clusters (sports sponsorship, financial sponsorship, sports, impact and performance) related to financial sponsorship in sports. The number of words studied showed that the topics published in the journal had a diverse thematic distribution. The distribution graph of vocabulary degree was of power type, indicating that a large number of words co-occur in different articles and a smaller number of words located at the end of the degree distribution graph or at the beginning of it had few co-occurrences of words. In addition, based on the number of societies formed, it was found that the authors of the articles tended to form small scientific groups in the form of universities or research institutes of their respective organizations.

Foreign research considers the existence of a competitive structure in the economy of countries as a driving factor for the development of financial support for sports, but domestic research has examined the factors that prevent the attraction of financial support.

Nowadays, interests in ready-to-eat foods, especially ordinary burgers, have increased. To produce typical burgers, breadcrumbs and soybean meals are commonly used as fillers. Use of breadcrumbs and soybean meals in regular burgers limits choice of consumers with allergies. The aim of this study was to produce typical hamburger products by replacing breadcrumbs and soybean meals, which could be used by people with celiac disease and sensitivity to soy protein.

In this study, mixtures of breadcrumbs and soybean meals respectively decreased by 50 and 100% and similar quantities of teff flour were substituted for these mixtures in low-meat hamburgers. Then, physicochemical, sensory  and cooking characteristics of treatments containing teff flour were compared with those of control sample.

The control sample included the highest cooking yield (92.45%) and the lowest moisture retention (68.87%) and TF100% treatment (31.10%) included the lowest oil absorption within all samples (p < 0.05). Samples containing teff flour received a higher score in the characteristics of smell and color. In sensory evaluation no significant differences were observed between the samples in terms of texture, taste and overall acceptance (p > 0.05).

Results of this study showed that replacing breadcrumbs and soybean meals with teff flour in low-meat hamburgers could be appropriate in terms of decreasing fat absorption and improving moisture retention and sensory and

The purpose of this study is to study and analyze sports from the perspective of legislation in the sixth to tenth term of the Islamic Consultative Assembly between 2001 and 2020, which has been done at a descriptive-analytical level in a qualitative manner. Data are collected in a secondary form and using the library-documentary method. The results showed that out of 17 bills and plans submitted, 7 items have been implemented in accordance with the law (41%). Of these, 4 were related to bills proposed by the executive branch. Most of the sports laws and unapproved proposals have been related to the reform of laws and restructuring in sports. Also, the focus of sports bills and plans is related to the distributive and regulatory areas of policy-making. Almond et al(2008). Is that the symbolic and extractive realm has not been assigned to in these eras. n the final part of the research, from the perspective of Fairclough(2008) critical discourse analysis, two of the most important sports negotiations are: the plan to allocate a percentage of the income from broadcasting sports competitions by the Islamic Republic of Iran Radio to sports federations (sixth parliament) and the plan The transformation of physical education and youth organizations into the Ministry of Sports and Youth (eighth parliament) has been studied at the levels of description, interpretation and explanation, and through this, the link between the text and society has been represented.

The occurrence of corruption in sports is not a new phenomenon. However, in recent years, corruption in sports has taken on a complex and multifaceted form. It is no longer acceptable to consider isolated individuals or limited organizations as the main perpetrators of corrupt activities, because corruption has found a systemic character. And corrupt behaviors are usually carried out through a network that helps to hide the path of corruption. The purpose of this study is to analyze network corruption in sports. The research population is 18 university professors who have a history of research and study in the field of corruption. The factors of this research have been identified by reviewing the theoretical literature and research background (12 indicators). Multi-criteria decision making method including Fuzzy Delphi was used to analyze the data. Based on the findings of the present study, The highest consensus of experts on network corruption was assigned to the index of "diversity of skills and expertise of members" and the lowest was assigned to the criterion of "monopoly".

The Unconventional scientific productions in higher education and the dependent informal employment are the problems that have plagued third world countries such as Iran in recent years. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to examine this market among the higher education students with an emphasis on the cognitive dissonance theory. The research method was qualitative-analytical. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 35 students, 52 heads of institutes, 5 authors and 10 sport sciences faculty members of Tehran university, Shahid Beheshti university, Allameh Tabataba'I university, Tarbiat Modarres university, Islamic Azad university and Razi university in 2018-19. The sampling method was theoretical and purposeful one. The findings showed that the strongest individual position was to be minion and the strongest external position was jobless and corruption in the society. The study showed that the sample was aware of the criminal nature of these types of jobs but had not received any penalties from the judicial authorities so far. It proves the weakness of the legal system. It can be considered as a kind of threat towards the education and legal authorities and requires their collaboration to remove such informal employment.

The purpose of this study is to policy sports in the Iranian legislative system in the first and second decades of the Islamic Revolution. The research method is qualitative at the descriptive-analytical level and the data have been collected using secondary library-documentary sources. The results showed that in the first to fifth terms of Islamic Consultative Assembly, the number of sport bills converted into law was "6 cases" that had a significant advantage over the number of sport plans that were "2 cases". The subject area of sports laws is related to: reforming the structure and statutes of sports organizations, sports participation at the championship level, cultural-educational-research cooperation at the international level, financing and privatization in sports, and based on the Almond et al (2008) and policy division, the focus of the proposed sports plans and bills is related to the regulatory, distributive and symbolic domains, respectively, and the extracted domain, which is for revenue and extraction of resources, does not include items, and in the final part of the research two examples of speeches of the representatives of the third and fifth term of Islamic Consultative Assembly in relation with the bill on the establishment of sports clubs by the people under government supervision and the plan to reform the goals and structure of the Physical Education Organization from the perspective of Fairclough critical discourse analysis at three levels: description, interpretation and explanation have been studied and through this, the link between the text and society was represented.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of perception social Status on work engagement in teachers of physical education in Kermanshah city. The statistical population consist all teachars of physical education in Kermanshah city. Simple random sampling method and sample size were 218 people. Participants completed social Status questionnaire and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. The data analysis was performed using one-sample t-test and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Validity and reliability of the Measurement models were confirmed.The results of single-sample t-test showed that the level of perception social prestige (2.71 ± 0.60) and work engagement (2.36 ± 0.49) in the studied society were lower than average. The Structural equation modeling revealed that social Status effected on work engagement (β=0.71). In addition, perception social Status also explains 0.50 work engagement variances. The results of this study show the importance of paying attention to the social Status of teachers and make it as a factor in promoting work engagement at school.

Sport corruption is defined as any illegal and immoral move that practically attempts to distort the outcome of an athletic approach to advance its material goals. To encounter this phenomenon, the role of the media is vital where contaminated faces are revealed through the representation of corruptive activities. Representation is the production of meaning through conceptual and language frameworks. The continuous flow of media representation from the real world strongly influences the perceptions and actions of the audience, because it is assumed that these representations are the reality themselves. The aim of this study was to investigate the representation of sport corruption in Iran media space. In this study, documentary method was used with a content analysis approach. Reports and news of corruptive activities reflected in the official media were analyzed from 2007 to 2017. The findings revealed 12 types of corruption in 24 different sport fields. From the perspective of communication, a part of the fight against corruption can be assigned to the media; the media that either keeps track of the cases and examples, or gives those who complain about corruption a chance to talk. In fact, this media teaches audiences that corruption is unacceptable and must be fought; thus it mobilizes public opinion against corruption.

The academic orientation of entrepreneurship is influenced by the practical implications of the emergence of fundamental innovations of knowledge. The focus on the commercialization of knowledge and inventions, the emergence of academic entrepreneurs, and the creation of knowledge-based business divisions are all considered as significant examples of academic entrepreneurship. In this research, the qualitative method of data theory theory has been used to achieve the conceptual model of the impact of academic entrepreneurship components, which is the main basis for collecting information in this method, conducting semi-structured interviews with knowledgeable individuals and experts in the subject area The sampling used in this research was theoretical sampling. After interviews and collecting information, the codes obtained in different sections were analyzed and after the steps The triangular open, axial and selective coding of the final model is obtained by the researchers in this study; the final transformer of the whole category The conditions, the circumstances of the intervener, the solutions, and, finally, the implications and results of entrepreneurship, each of these conditions and the constituent elements of the model have variables and categories, the focus of which is the realization of the goal The ultimate causes of university entrepreneurship.

Today, there are many cities around the world that have been exploited by the dispersed growth of natural resources, open and green spaces. One of the ways to cope with such a disorderly growth in the world is to use the "smart growth" pattern in city development plans. In this regard, in the forthcoming research, the analysis of the physical-spatial parameters of urban smart growth indicators in areas of Babol city and the factors influencing it through eight key indicators of smart growth have been addressed. The purpose of this research is to investigate the physical and spatial analysis and prioritize the seven areas of Babol based on smart growth indices in order to realize the goals of sustainable development. The research method in this study is descriptive-analytic and is considered as an applied research in terms of purpose. Based on the proposed hierarchical model, an ANP paired comparison questionnaire was used to collect the required data to determine the weight of the criteria. The ARAS questionnaire was used to rank the areas based on urban smart growth indices. Statistical sample society is 20 senior managers and senior officials of the municipality of Babol. The results of the research show that area 4 located in the central and old nucleus of the city with a score of 0/198 has the best condition, and area 1 with 0/090 score is the worst situation. Accordingly, in terms of the level of smart growth indicators, one, two (with a score of 118) and a third (with a score of 117) areas are considered as deprived areas that are in the first priority of development and attention Urges by city managers to eliminate deforestation.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of athlete brand image on identification with athletes and the effectiveness of celebrity athlete endorsement. The statistical population consisted of students of Azad University as well as Razi University in Kermanshah and 500 subjects were studied as the sample. Athlete Brand Image Questionnaire by Arai, Jae Ko & Kaplanidou (2013) study (α=0.89), Cohen & Perse’s Identification Scale (2003) (α=0.89) and Celebrity Athlete Endorsement Questionnaire adopted from Van der Waldet, De Beer & Du Plessis (2007) developed scale (α=0.76); their structural and content validity was confirmed. The results of structural equation modeling indicated that athlete brand image had a significant impact factor on endorsement and identification. Identification as a mediator had a significant effect between athlete brand image and endorsement. This mediating role for sport products was more effective than non-sport products. This finding emphasized the congruity of endorser-audience as well as endorser-product.

The main purpose of this research was to provide a model for university entrepreneurship for the technical and vocational college. The present study, from the perspective of the purpose of developmental-applied, was qualitatively and in terms of the nature and method of the Foundation's implementation. The study population was experts in the field of university entrepreneurship and faculty members (faculty members and instructors) of the technical and vocational college in 1995-94 who were sampled by a targeted snowball sampling method and interviewed with a semi-structured interview. Became to analyze the qualitative data, the foundation data theory and open and axial coding method were used. The results of the research show that the results of the interviews and their coding, the extraction of 4 dimensions, 10 components and 70 indicators for the academic entrepreneurship of the technical and vocational college. Structural dimension consists of three components of entrepreneurial vision (8 indicators), supportive structure (5 indicators) and research system (7 indicators); process dimension includes two components of entrepreneurial leadership (8 indicators) and commercialization process (6 indicators); behavioral dimension It includes two components of communication and networking (5 indicators) and innovation culture (10 indicators) and developmental dimension including three components of entrepreneurial competence (5 indicators), curriculum planning (8 indicators) and learning-learning process (8). Index).

This investigation examined the relationships between goal orientation, motivational climate and sportspersonship orientation. Participants were 366 youth male athletes age (M=17.51±2.47). The athletes completed TEOSQ, PMCQ, and MOSO questionnaire. Pearson Product Moment Correlation showed task orientation and perceived task motivational climate was positive related to respect for the rules and the officials, respect for the opponent, and respect for social conventions. Regression analysis revealed task motivational climate is the only predicator for respect for the rules and the officials, respect for the opponent, and respect for social conventions. In conclusion, athletes in task motivational climate may be more willing to behave morality and sports personship orientation.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Persian version work ability index and its relationship with the physical fitness indicators among employees in Kermanshah in 868 (250 females, 618 males) were selected through multi-stage sampling method. The research instrument consisted of questionnaire and physical fitness tests. Questionnaire validity was determined via content validity, convergent and divergent validity and exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were utilized to test the factor structure. Internal consistency was determined Cronbach’s alpha. Finally, the data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and simultaneous regression model
The principal component analysis with varimax rotation identified two factors subjective health related work ability) 41.86% of the variance) and ill- health related work ability (19.47% of the variance) in the index construct. Results convergent validity showed high correlation between questions of ability to work, and intraclass coefficient correlation 0.72-0.81 also was high. Mean WAI index score was higher among employees with low absenteeism (40.46 points) than among those with high absenteeism (32.04 points). Reliability of the index with Cronbach’s alpha 0.74 was acceptable. Goodness-of-fit indices of second-order factor analysis confirmed the tow extracted factors and two-factor model had a superior fit compared to the one-dimensional model. Finally multiple linear regression showed physical fitness tests were predictor factors for the work ability among employees. In conclusion, Persian version of the Work Ability Index showed satisfactory psychometric properties among employees.

In order to achieve the goals of restructuring in the electricity market of Iran, the stock exchange was launched due to its proximity to the full competition market and the prices set close to the equilibrium market. The benefits of trading in energy stocks include more transparency of information and prices, faster price discovery, price fluctuations based on market and industry realities, higher market liquidity and financing for producers, supplying energy to distributors and consumers, allowing more control over deals and tracking offenses. In the Iran electricity market, transactions outside the market include the liquidity of transactions before the physical delivery of electricity on the day of operation; and the plants will not be fined in the event of non-delivery of the traded power on the day of operation. Therefore, to maintain national capital, the verification and feasibility of delivery of negotiable capacity on the day of operation by the independent operator of the system is mandatory. This paper examines the effect of the constraints and restrictions mentioned in the electricity grid, especially the fuel constraints on allocating the maximum allowable production capacity to power plants participating in the Energy Exchange. For this purpose, the objective function is defined in two levels, which is optimized by integrating the LP-metric algorithm with the sum of weight coefficients and converting it into a single-level problem in GAMS software. The proposed method is tested on the IEEE 24-bus network and the numerical results are analyzed.

The aim of this study was to compare the satisfaction from body areas and social - physique anxiety in Islamic Azad university students. For this purpose, 424 athlete and non-athlete undergraduate students completed body areas satisfaction scale (BASS) and seven-item social - physique anxiety scale (7-SPAS). Results of multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) showed that while sport (individual / team) participation has a significant effect on the scores obtained by body areas satisfaction scale and social - physique anxiety scale, but gender, interaction of gender and sport had no significant effect on the scores obtained by body areas satisfaction scale and social – physique anxiety scale. In conclusion, the results of this study revealed that male and female athlete students were more satisfied from their body areas and they experienced less social - physique anxiety when compared to male and female non-athlete students.

The aim of this study was to compare the intensity of pre-competition emotion in athletes with type A and B behavior patterns. Out of 08 wrestlers participating in Iranian national championships (2005), 32 wrestlers were selected as subjects by global Bortner scale. Then, 6 subjects with high scores (mean 6.45±0.3) formed Type A athletes group and 6 with low scores (mean 3.69 ± 0.47) were considered as Type B athletes group. Hanin's Individual Zones of Optimal Functioning (IZOF) model was used to assess the intensity of emotions athletes feel in their best / worst performance. Descriptive data showed that in both groups best performance was associated with a higher level (close to very much) of positive and effective emotion intensity (P+) as well as a lower level (close to little to moderate) of negative and effective emotion intensity (N+). Wilcoxon test showed a significant difference between best and worst performances of Type A group when there was a comparison between the intensity of negative and effective emotion and negative and harmful emotion (P≤0.0). In Type B group, there was a significant difference in athlete's best performance when positive and effective emotion and harmful emotion (P≤0.0). Mann-Whitney U test revealed a significant difference between Type A and B athletes in perceived negative (effective – harmful) emotions in their best / worst performances (P=0.0). This study showed that Type A athletes were more sensitive (i.e. they experienced higher intensities) to the negative effective and negative harmful (N±) emotions in their best/ worst performances when compared with Type B athletes.