زینب شاهرخی فر

The indiscriminate constructions and residential and administrative constructions of the 7th district of Tehran municipality have caused the changes and developments of this area not to proceed in a logical and orderly manner; The results of such a process are many anomalies and visual disturbances that have occurred in the image and body of urban spaces; Therefore, the purpose of this research was to express the need to know the indicators of the beautification of the 7th district of Tehran and to identify the key factors affecting the state of urban vitality; which has used survey and descriptive-analytical research methods. The statistical population of this research is the 7th district of Tehran Municipality, where 200 people were selected as a sample by simple random sampling method. The reliability of research indicators was calculated through Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which was more than 70% for all research factors, and Bartlett's test was used to measure the validity of the research. The findings of the research showed that the first hypothesis of the research that the beautification of urban spaces is undesirable in the studied area has been confirmed and requires more effort from city managers. In other words, the findings obtained from the t-test showed; The significance level for all factors is P=0.000>0.05; Therefore, the first hypothesis is confirmed; The second hypothesis was the effect of the beautification factors of urban spaces on vitality in the study area, the findings showed that according to the critical ratio of each of the beautification factors affecting the vitality of urban spaces, which is above 1.5 and the value of the p statistic that is separate for each The factors of the beautification of roads and sidewalks, the structure and arrangement of buildings and urban furniture have been investigated, leading to urban vitality, and the mentioned hypothesis is also confirmed.

Tourism activity has been relatively stable in recent years, and despite the uncertain outlook for the global economy, macroeconomic tensions and unemployment in many countries, it has become clear that this sector has benefited from the process of globalization; In such a field, considering the development of science and technology and the progress that has been made in research models, planners are trying to plan in the field of tourism by using new models. Tourism development planning in Alborz province with emphasis on the participation of local community in these plans will create jobs and economic growth in this province. Therefore, in this research, which has been done by descriptive-analytical method, an attempt has been made to present strategies in the field of tourism development in Alborz province by using a combination of SWOT and AHP models; Therefore, based on the calculations of the SWOT model, threats with a score of 2.939 have the highest coefficient, followed by weaknesses with a value of 2.936, opportunities with a value of 2.911, and finally strengths with a value of 2.903; However, after combining the results of the SWOT model with the AHP model, the defensive strategy (WT) with the estimated value of 4.078 has obtained the highest value of the calculated weight, followed by the aggressive strategies with the measured value of 3.895, the competitive strategy. With a measured value of 3.773 and finally a conservative strategy with a value of 3.626 in the lowest rank of the hierarchy of strategies is considered. Thus, based on this output, suggestions have been made for the development of the tourism sector in Alborz province.

Identifying spatial patterns in vulnerability involves a comprehensive look at vulnerable points. And provides analytical power to the authorities. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize patterns of vulnerability so as to minimize the amount of damage to them in the event of a crisis. The city of Tehran, as the political and administrative center of the country, is faced with a variety of risks due to demographic burden and physical development. In this research, we tried to analyze the spatial distribution pattern of urban vulnerability to natural hazards in social and physical dimensions in Tehran's 7th region. The method of this descriptive-analytic study and the model used for trigonometric fuzzy logic. The results indicate that: According to the z score, the positive values are 1.96 up, which form the clusters of hot spots in the southeastern region of the arena; It is a sign of more vulnerability in these areas. Also, negative values of 1.96 and less, which are statistically significant and blue, have formed cold spots, And it is interpreted that low vulnerability zones are clustered in space and are mainly located in the northwest. Therefore, the lower the color range in the red and blue areas was less statistically significant  to the point where this positive net worth is 1.65 that in this situation, the spatial behavior of the vulnerability is considered to be non-significant in terms of hot or cold clusters with high and low values and spatial autocorrelation that the map is also displayed in yellow.

Housing, as the environment in which the family has formed and developed, plays an important role in many aspects of human life. However, millions of people live in cities without the security of enjoying the proper ownership of housing and related services. With regard to this, governments should increase their efforts to promote, preserve and ensure the full realization of the right to adequate housing for those social strata. In this way, as the first measure expected of the governments, housing is provided for a decent life of the citizens. Depending on their views, governments apply policies and interventions. The problem of housing in Iran, as in most other societies in the world, is of particular importance. The government was obliged to meet this requirement in the form of a five-year development program. However, housing policies, as tools for proper development in accordance with Islamic principles, have not been able to meet the housing needs. Therefore, considering the housing problems in the city of Kermanshah and the continuation of these problems, this research is carried out to identify the factors affecting housing policies in the city and to present the necessary strategies in this area.

Based on the strategic plan of housing policies in Kermanshah, the existence of a series of macroeconomic factors hinders the full realization of housing programs and policies. The contradictions, discrepancies and heterogeneity in the physical structure of the city were considered as the biggest obstacle on the macro level, which needs serious attention. It is necessary to pay attention to external macro factors such as managers’ ‘taste’ in looking at housing policies, lack of public sector facilities, housing market downturn due to lack of investment by the private sector with moderate importance, lack of adequate oversight on the implementation of national building regulations in designing and implementation of all urban and urban development projects, feeling of insecurity for public and private investments with little significance, inadequacy of government’s housing policy for the entire social strata of the community, non-establishment of factories in the industrial and agricultural sectors, and expensive materials and building materials. On the other hand, there is a range of effective factors on housing policies in Kermanshah. Using these factors, one can deal with some of these problems. Considering these factors, offering housing loans in accordance with the up-to-date requirements has the highest strategic appropriateness. Therefore, one should pay particular attention to these factors.

Regarding the plans and policies implemented in Kermanshah, as one of the metropolitan cities of Iran, there has been some difficulty in furthering development goals despite the improvement in the quality of residential units. The root of these problems is mainly in the regulation of residential development policies with a purely economic viewpoint without regard to target groups. Therefore, one has to find suitable strategies and solutions in order to resolve the housing problems of this city. Therefore, in this research, after understanding the city’s problems and the opinions of experts in the field of housing, with the consensus of the experts, it was concluded that the most influential programs were the housing mass production policy and Mehr housing plan. Despite all the quantitative measures, the city of Kermanshah needs about 20,000 houses for its citizens in the 2010s. Providing housing facilities for different income groups, encouraging the private sector to build and provide housing through industrial practices, education and culture, enforcing national building regulations and optimal monitoring of these regulations are the most important strategies for this research.

Today, the most important factor in the progress of each society is healthy human resources, increasing the level of health indicators in each society is considered a priority of governments. The present study examines the extent of the health of the cities of Ardebil province. The research method is based on the applied purpose and based on descriptive, documentary and analytical nature; In which 40 health-therapeutic indicators were evaluated using the Topsis model. Among the indices, the indicators of the number of covered villages and the number of paramedics with the weight of 0.0269 are the most important indicators. The statistical population of the study consisted of 10 provinces of Ardabil province in 1395. The results of this study indicate that the provincial towns are not equal in terms of health and health indicators, and they are very different, and most of them are not in desirable position in terms of health and health indicators. In the meanwhile, the city of Ardebil is the most disadvantaged city and the city of Sareen. Also, Pearson's correlation between the population and the availability of cities shows a high correlation between the two factors. The result of Pearson's correlation between the distance between the international frontier and the degree of enjoyment also indicates a relatively high correlation between the two factors. Therefore, in order to reduce the development gap between provincial cities, deprived cities should be placed on top of development.

The urban scattering that developed as urban scattering after World War II had many unfortunate consequences for cities. The major problems facing cities in the country are the physical, economic, social and environmental interconnectedness of unplanned horizontal expansion. In spite of all the problems, one must also accept the fact that horizontal expansion of cities is inevitable; hence, in recent decades in Iran, the expansion of cities has become a problem and the need to pay attention to urban issues in the context of science, is importance and Necessary. Recent research has analyzed urban sprawl or horizontal sprawl using current and historical remote sensing data using simple statistical models that tend to be applied to different spatial and temporal dimensions and specified that which one of the cities of Amol and Babol of Mazandaran province is of Spiral one and how is its trend over time as well as its rate in different urban segments and which of these two cities has had the most land use changes around them and in which direction is the future of these changes.The data collection tool is based on documentary information. Using IDIRSI and ARC MAP software, Land Use and Supervised Fuzzy Artmap Classification Method was extracted and the Cross Tab Model was used for the extent of land uses changes, Helderen model was used to identify the extent of horizontal expansion and Markov chain method was used to predict land use change trends for the time horizon of 2026. Evaluation of satellite images shows that land use changes in Amol city are more than Babol city. The model results also show that in the city of Babol in 2016, the highest land use changes occurred with 55.54% and the lowest land use change with 2.32%. while in Amol, the largest change in irrigated agricultural land is 66.97%. The physical growth of the cities of Amol and Babol is also mainly due to the population factor, which has resulted in a decrease in gross population density and an increase in the net per capita urban area and ultimately in horizontal and sprawling expansion. The results also show that in Amol orchards, but in Babol, irrigated agricultural lands will have the most changes.

Housing is one of the basic needs of all peoples and households whose desirable condition plays a direct role in quality of life. One of the most important ways to understand the housing situation in each type of planning is to use housing indices. Kermanshah Province, as one of the western provinces of Iran, has encountered severe housing problems for various reasons. These problems manifest as poor housing, low quality housing, inappropriate texture and building materials in residents. Therefore, the present study uses quantitative and qualitative indices of housing to study the housing situation and ranking of the cities of this province. The research methodology is an applied one based on the objectives of the study, and based on the nature of the study, the methodology includes descriptive, analytical and correlation methods. The statistical population of the study covers 14 districts of Kermanshah Province based on the 2011 national census. In order to collect the required data, the results of the census of population and housing in 2011 in Kermanshah Province were used. Then, 21 quantitative and qualitative indices were selected in the housing sector and weighted by the Shannon Entropy method, and then VIKOR model was used for ranking the cities of the province. Based on this ranking, Kermanshah and Paveh cities are at highest level of access to facilities and the cities of Sarpol-e-Zahab, Ghasre Shirin, Songhor, Dalaho and Salase Babajani are at the lowest level of access. The result of Pearson's correlation suggests a relatively high correlation between the extent of access of a city and its population and a relatively weak correlation between the degree of access to facilities in a city and its proximity to the center of the province. It is suggested that low access and deprived municipalities be considered as a priority for housing development programs.

One of the most important issues in the field of urban planning and strategic issues in large cities, the issue of location, layout and spatial organization has temporary accommodation centers. The study accident-prone accept the reality of homelessness in Tehran and the possibility of a large number of citizens, scientific search for the selection of suitable areas for temporary deployment of damage taken before the accident took place. Therefore, effective measures for the identification and selection is sent. This research is descriptive and analytical. And using a combination of techniques, geographical information systems (GIS) survey and multi criteria evaluation (MCE) and the hierarchical model (AHP), analysis and spatial analysis of various factors affecting the optimal deployment of temporary accommodation centers in the study area for is.very good show. So that areas with a darker color and more capable to accept the establishment of temporary settlement sites are significant. And areas with lighter colors because of the lack of appropriate criteria for the establishment of these places are not suitable for the establishment of temporary accommodation.

Nowadays, with the development of cities and urbanization, the problems and difficulties suffered several cities and civilians. The urban green spaces, especially parks, as the evening relaxing in leisure time and is now recognized as citizens. Urban parks and green spaces of the main parts is publicly and freely available to all the citizens of the city. But what is important to the quality of distribution parks in the city as well as the quality of facilities and services offered in these spaces and it is. Nazarabad city as the center of the city, due to its proximity to major cities including Tehran and Karaj, has been a rapid growth in population and physical development. Therefore it is necessary that the status of this important user in the city to be evaluated both quantitatively and qualitatively. In this study, quantitative analysis, including distribution parks, per capita available, the equipment and facilities available in the park is done. Using a questionnaire, the quality and satisfaction of the citizens of the state park system is measured. If the results are quantitative, low per capita area of parks and green spaces in the city and there Nazarabad this is inappropriate. In analyzing the quality is poor and the satisfaction of security and welfare in urban parks, citizens are happy with the situation.