سارا ضیاغم

Episiotomy is one of the common methods used to widen the pelvic outlet, and it is associated with complications such as pain and bleeding. Green tea and Myrtus communis are two medicinal plants with anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties. The present study was conducted with aim to investigate the effect of Myrtus communis extract and green tea on pain reduction and episiotomy wound healing.

This three-blind randomized clinical trial study was conducted in 2020-2021 on 90 primiparous women referred to the maternity ward of Shushtar Al-Hadi and Ganjovian Dezful hospitals. The samples were randomly treated in groups receiving green tea, Myrtus communis extract ointment and placebo for 14 days. Evaluation of the wound healing status was done with Rida index and pain intensity by VAS. Data analysis was done with SPSS software (version 23) and Mann-Whitney and Friedman tests. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

There was a significant difference among the three investigated groups in the Rida index on the 14th day, and this index was lower in the Myrtus communis group than in the green tea group and the placebo group (P=0.001). VAS index on the 14th day had a significant difference among the three investigated groups, and this index was lower in the Myrtus communis group than in the green tea group and the placebo group (P=0.001).

The use of Myrtus communis ointment and green tea extract can reduce pain intensity and improve heal episiotomy wound, and it seems that the effect of Myrtus communis ointment is more than green tea ointment and placebo.

 Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a common psychosomatic disorder linked to menstruation in women at gestational age and can lead to absence from work and academic failure. 

 This study aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of PMS, Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) and associated factors among the female high school students.

 This descriptive-analytical study was carried using randomized classification method on 368  female high school students in Shoushtar, Iran in 2016. Data were collected by a demographic form and Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool. Collected data were analyzed in SPSS software using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Chi-squared test, binomial test, Mann-Whitney test and Spearman correlation test at a significance level of P<0.05.

 The Mean±SD age of participants was 16.3±0.87 years. The prevalence of PMS in students was 53.5% and for PMDD it was 12.22 %. The most prevalent symptoms were mood, behavioral and physical symptoms. The frequency of PMS was higher in students with a positive family history.

 The prevalence of PMS in high school female students was relatively high. Since this problem can interfere with one's personal, social and academic activities, an educational program at schools and informing students in this regard can be helpful and effective in promoting the health and young girls.

Menopause is the most critical period with unfavorable changes in anthropometric and metabolic parameters which is associated with Cardiovascular disease risk. Metabolic syndrome has a key role in causing cardiovascular disease and has been a major problem in many countries. According to various studies, the increased ferritin level is associated with metabolic syndrome and those with higher ferritin levels are at more risk of metabolic syndrome. Therefore, due to the high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Iran, this study was performed with aim to investigate the relationship between serum ferritin levels and metabolic syndrome. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 165 menopausal women referred to the 17 Shahrivar health center and health center No. 8 of Ahvaz in 2013. Demographic information questionnaire was completed for the subjects; for the evaluation of the components of metabolic syndrome, blood pressure was measured twice with interval of 10 minutes after a break and their mean was considered. Waist circumference (WC) was measured. HDL, triglycerides, cholesterol, serum ferritin and FBS tests were done after 12 hours of night fasting on serum of patients. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 19) and Chi-square test, ANOVA, Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients. P In this study, 58 patients (35.2%) had metabolic syndrome. The mean serum ferritin levels in women with metabolic syndrome were 34.53 ± 25.45 and in women without metabolic syndrome was 33.56± 23.12. There was a significant relationship between body mass index, waist circumference, blood glucose, plasma triglyceride, lipid profile and metabolic syndrome (p<0.05). But no significant relationship was found between metabolic syndrome and age, metabolic syndrome and serum ferritin (p>0.05). There is no significant relationship between serum ferritin levels and metabolic syndrome.

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a major complication of delivery. Active management of third stage of labor decreases the risk of postpartum hemorrhage. This study was to assess the effect of dextrose on third stage of vaginal delivery.
This clinical trial study was performed on 120 pregnant women referred to maternity ward of Shahid Mustafa Khomeini Hospital in Ilam between 2012 and 2013. The subjects were selected by convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to two groups of dextrose and oxytocin. After fetus expolsion, the dextrose group received 200 cc dextrose 10 % and oxytocin group received 20 units oxytocin per 1000 ml serum ringer by intravenus infusion. Then, the length of third stage of labor was recorded in minute. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16) and independent t-test and Chi-square. P Two groups were similar in maternal and neonatal characteristics. Mean length of third stage of labor in dextrose group (5.11±1.28 min) was significantly shorter than oxytocin group (7.86±1.14 min) (P=0.001). There was no case of placental retention or need for manual removal of placenta in both groups.
Active management of third stage of labor with administration of dextrose 10% as noninvasive method can significantly reduce the duration of the third stage of labor.

Postpartum hemorrhage is of the major causes of maternal mortality worldwide, and is responsible for approximately 30% of maternal direct death. Given the importance of management of postpartum bleeding for mother and child, this study was performed with aim to evaluate the effect of Oxygen inhalation on postpartum hemorrhage.

This clinical trial study was performed on 120 pregnant women referred to the Maternity of Shahid Mustafa Khomeini Hospital of Ilam from 2012 to 2013, for normal vaginal delivery. The subjects were selected with convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to two groups. In two group, for Management of the third stage of labor, one liter of ringer and 20 units of oxytocin were used. In the intervention group, in addition to the routine administration, 8 liters of oxygen via face mask was continuously used until 2 hours after delivery. Blood loss was determined by regular weighting of the buttocks and gases and pads, and 1 gram increase in weight was considered to be equivalent to 1cc blood). Data was analyzed by SPSS software (version 16) using T-test and Chi-square test. P<0.05 was considered significant.

The results of t-test indicated that the mean of bleeding was 256.16±97 cc in control group and 149.5±46 cc in intervention group at the end of first two hour after intervention that the difference between two groups was significant (p<0.006).

Oxygen inhalation during the third stage of labor and the first two hours after delivery significantly decreases postpartum hemorrhage.

Menopause is a critical period in the women life which is associated with different neurophysiological and cognitive changes. This study aimed to determine the relationship between menopausal symptoms with metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women. This descriptive - analytical study was conducted on 165 postmenopausal women referred to health centers in Ahvaz. Data collection tools were standardized questionnaire menopausal rating symptoms (MRS), questionnaire to record demographic information and the results of experiments and measurements (blood pressure, Waist circumference). The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficients, Mann-Whitny in bySPSS version 19. The results showed that the overall mean of MRS in this study was 11.85±5.4. The mean of metabolic syndrome was 36±4.8 percent and we found significant association between blood pressure (p=0.04),blood sugar (p=0.02),HDL-C(p=0.02) and urogenital symptoms. But there werent significant relationship between other metabolic syndrome components and other menopausal symptoms (somatic and psychological Dimensions). the relationship was observed between metabolic syndrome and urogenital symptoms Therefore, as a preventative health strategy women with urogenital complaints should examin for metabolic syndrome.

Vaginal delivery is the best method of delivery. Cesarean section without obstetric indications imposed relatively high costs on the health system. One of the major causes of increased rates of cesarean section is the mother's preference, which refers to the lack of knowledge or incorrect information. The purpose of this study is determination of educational needs in pregnancy period to choose cesarean section or vaginal delivery in aspect of nulliparous women. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 15 nulliparous pregnant women referred to Ahvaz health center units in 2012. The statistical populations were selected by simple available sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires (alfa =0.86) by interviews method. The Data were analyzed by SPSS 16.0 software, using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient. P-Value less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. The results showed that the mean age of referred mothers was 25.32±4.85 years. Majority of mothers (48.7 percent) were college graduates and 68.1 percent were housekeeper. In this study, the three educational priorities in the pregnant women’s point of view were training and gaining more information about the effectiveness of delivery mode on maternal body condition, the effectiveness of delivery mode on newborn health and more information about how to vaginal delivery respectively. The results of this study suggested that Health authorities must design the educational programs based on the needs of clients to increase the effectiveness of training and also reduce the costs.

Cesarean is one of the most common surgical procedures in obstetrics and gynecology. Poor wound healing and failure of incision are the main causes of complications after cesarean delivery. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of phenytoin cream on cesarean wound healing. This double blind randomized clinical trial was conducted in 2012 on 80 candidate mothers for cesarean section in Imam Khomeini hospital of Ahvaz، Iran. Subjects were randomly divided into two phenytoin and placebo groups (n=40 for each). Cesarean wound healing was assessed using REEDA scale at days 7 and 14 after repair. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16 and independent t-tests، chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests. P value less than 0. 05 was considered significant. The mean scores of wound healing in phenytoin group were significantly lower than placebo group at days 7 and 14 after delivery (p=0. 001). There was a significant difference in total wound healing between two groups at day 14 after delivery (p=0. 003). Phenytoin cream has a significant effect on faster cesarean wound healing

Behavior is result of decision and it is based on awareness and attitude. Knowledge or learning cause to stimulation human to learning. Many of mistake in medic are result of lack of awareness about therapy subject that these mistakes cause to physical، emotional and financial damage to patient and these reduce patient'' trust to treatment team and will fallow it cause to pay fine for trespassing.

This research was a cross sectional-descriptive study and the study''s population was all of MS & BS midwifery student and assistant resident of gynecology Ahvaz medical science of university that 90 person of them entered to project by available sampling. Research tool was a bi-partial questionnaire with demographic data and 33 question with quad-answering for determining awareness’s student about subject’s study. Data analyzed by descriptive statistic and SPSS software version (17).

The mean age of student was 24. 72±4. 58; most of them were midwifery student (61. 11 percent). The mean score of awareness was 10. 83±2. 7 (low awareness). Between score of awareness and prediction of student about their awareness was not significant (p=0. 168). Between score of awareness and take apart in workshop of project’ subject was significant (p=0. 007).

It is necessary to evaluation level of awareness'' treatment employers for detecting their strength and weakness and determining methods for promoting their awareness for programming promotion awareness level، function and reducing mistakes and medical complains. Midwife and gynecologist are face to many medical complaints so codification common and handling forensic medicine topics are very important.

menopause being the most critical period، the unfavorable changes in anthropometric and metabolic parameters associated with CVD risk. Metabolic syndrome is the key factor for cardiovascular disease and has become major problem in many countries. the high prevalence of metabolic syndrome، especially in women after menopause This study was performed to investigate the relationship between the Menopausal age and metabolic syndrome in non-obese postmenopausal women. This cross sectional study on 140 healthy non-obese postmenopausal women who had a BMI less than30 Kg/m2، at 2009 in Ahvaz the data were contained demographic information، menopausal age، BMI، values of HDL-C، FBS، TG serum after 12 houres fasting، blood pressure and waist circumference. we used the Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis by SPSS 15 software. Menopausal age with FBS (P=0. 04) was negatively significant. But there was not any correlation between menopausal age with other Components of metabolic syndrome. [triglycerides (P=0. 28)، systolic blood pressure (P=0. 80) diastolic blood pressure (P=0. 48)، waist circumference (P=0. 08)، HDL-C (P=0. 65)]. late menopause has favourable effect on Fasting glucose.

Following hot flashes, the second, most common and bothersome menopausal complaint is vaginal atrophy. This symptoms causes vaginal or vulvar dryness, dyspareunia, vaginismus or itching that can significantly affect quality of life. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of vaginal perssaried containing sodium hyaloronate or vitamin E for the treatment of atrophic vaginitis.Subjects and This randomized, double-blind clinical trial study was carried out at 17 Shahrivar health center (an educational center in Ahvaz, Iran) from August to December 2010. Forty postmenopausal women with symptoms of vaginal atrophy were randomized in two groups to administer vaginal perssaries of 5 mg sodium hyaloronate (n=20) or 1mg vitamin E (n=20) for 8 weeks. Vaginal maturation was measured and compared in both groups. The data were analyzed using independent t-test and Paired t test, in SPSS version 16.0. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The results showed that the vaginal maturation values were significantly improved at both treatment groups (P<0.001). However, the mean maturation value in sodium hyaluronate group was significantly higher when compared with vitamin E group (P<0.001). Sodium hyaluronate and vitamin E increased maturation of vaginal epithelium, but improvement was greater in sodium hyaluronate group. Therefore, sodium hyaluronate vaginal pessary is suggested as an ulternative in women who do not want to or cannot use estrogen treatment of vaginal atrophy.

Urogenital atrophy is a common problem after menopause and quality of life in post-menopauseis seriously affected by the symptoms associated with vaginal atrophy. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the vaginal suppository of hyaluronic acid and vitamin E in atrophic vaginitis treatment. This randomized double-blind clinical trialwas carried out in Ahvaz (Iran) from August to December 2010. Forty postmenopausal women with symptoms of vaginal atrophy were randomly allocatedto two groups to take vaginal suppositories of either 5 mg hyaluronic acid sodium salt (n=20) or 1 mg vitamin E (n=20) for 8 weeks. The symptoms of vaginal atrophy were evaluated by a self-assessed 4-point scaleand the composite score was determined asnone، mild، moderate، and severe in four periods. The results showed that the symptoms were relieved significantly in both groups (P<0. 001). The relief of symptoms was significantly superior in the hyaluronic acid group compared with the vitamin E group (P<0. 05). Although both hyaluronic acid and vitamin E relieved the vaginal symptoms، improvements were greater in the hyaluronic acid group. Therefore،hyaluronic acid vaginal suppository is suggested for women with vaginal atrophy who do not want to or cannot take local estrogen treatment.