فهرست مطالب سمانه ملکی

Considering the prevalence and consequences of non-suicidal self-injury, it is necessary to identify and treat the mechanisms involved in NSSI. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy specifically targets mechanisms thought to be involved in the initiation and maintenance of NSSI; therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on alexithymia, experiential avoidance and rumination in people with non-suicidal self-injury.

The current study was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. Among the people referring to the clinics and counseling centers in Tehran, 30 people who had the highest score in the non-suicidal self-injury questionnaire were selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into two experimental groups and The control group (15 people) was replaced. The experimental group received 8 sessions of Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, but the control group did not receive any specific intervention. The research tools were: nonsuicidal self-injury questionnaire, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, Ruminative Response Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 software and Multivariate analysis of covariance analysis method.

The results indicate the significant effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in reducing alexithymia, experiential avoidance and rumination in people with non-suicidal self-injury in the post-test stage (P<0.05).

mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, by directly addressing the mechanisms involved in the initiation and maintenance of non-suicidal self-injury, offers great promise as a transdiagnostic therapy that can be a successful intervention for individuals who engage in self-injurious behaviors. Therefore, according to the obtained findings, therapists can use this intervention to reduce alexithymia, experiential avoidance and rumination in people with non-suicidal self-injury.

Although previous studies have shown that there is a strong relationship between childhood trauma and depression, the mediating mechanisms of this relationship have not been well studied. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the structural relationships between childhood trauma experience and depressive symptoms in adults with the mediating role of dissociative experiences and attachment styles.

The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the research was made up of all the people who referred to the clinics and psychological service centers of Tehran in 2023. Among the statistical population, 320 people were selected by convenience sampling method. The research tools were: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Dissociative Experiences Scale, and Attachment Styles Questionnaire. Pearson correlation, structural equation modeling and SPSS version 23 and AMOS version 23 software were used for data analysis.

The results showed that the research model has a good fit. Direct path coefficients of childhood trauma experience (T = 0.28, β = 2.52), dissociative experiences (T = 0.27, β = 2.63), secure attachment (T = 0.27, -2.31) β=-0) and insecure attachment (T=2.21, β=0.23) were significant on depression symptoms. Also, the indirect coefficients of childhood trauma experience through dissociative experiences (p < 0.05, b = 0.52), secure (p < 0.05, b = -0.60) and insecure attachment styles (b = 0.05) p>0, b=0.39) were significant on depression symptoms. The results also showed that the research variables explained a total of 75% of the variance of depression symptoms.

These findings may provide indications for the development of measures to reduce dissociative experiences and teachings based on attachment styles to reduce depressive symptoms in adults with traumatic childhood experiences. It is suggested that trauma and depression psychotherapists pay special attention to the two components of dissociation and attachment styles in their interventions.

Due to the one-dimensionality of the existing protocols about the executive function devising task-oriented and diverse interventions grounded in executive functions and evaluating their effectiveness on the reading skills of students with attention-deficit reading disabilities is of paramount importance.

This study aims to design and assess the effectiveness of a program aimed at improving reading skills, specifically focusing on executive functions, for students afflicted with attention-deficit reading disabilities.

This research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative elements. In the qualitative phase, a therapeutic intervention designed to enhance reading proficiency was developed based on a systematic review of relevant studies, with input from a panel of nine experts to ensure its validity. The subsequent quantitative phase involves a quasi-experimental design, including pre-test, post-test, and follow-up measurements with a control group. The study population consists of second and third-grade students with reading disabilities in Tehran who sought assistance from learning disability centers. Using voluntary sampling, 55 students were initially selected, and ultimately, 24 students (12 in each group) were randomly assigned based on stringent entry and exit criteria. The research instruments utilized include the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth Edition, the SNSP-IV grading scale, and the reading assessment. Data analysis was conducted using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) in SPSS 25 software.

The mean scores on the reading assessment within the experimental group exhibited a statistically significant difference between the pre-test and post-test phases (p< 0.01). However, no significant difference was observed between the post-test and follow-up phases (p> 0.05).

Based on the findings, it is evident that the developed program can effectively enhance the reading proficiency of students grappling with attention-deficit reading disabilities.

From a public health standpoint, the average weight of newborns is one of the main indicators of the quality of health care services received, reproductive health, safe motherhood, nutrition and intrauterine growth during pregnancy. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the biological characteristics and the marital satisfaction of mothers who give birth to newborns with low birth weight (LBW) in the city of Chalus. This is a causal–comparative study, conducted in 2016 in which the mothers of 50 newborns with a birth weight of less than 2500 g and those of 50 newborns with an ideal / satisfactory weight of more than 3800 g were surveyed. The information was gathered with Afrooz Questionnaires for Biological, Cognitive, Psychological and Social traits of Mothers and Marital Satisfaction of Couples. The data collected from the questionnaires was analyzed with descriptive statistics and logistical regression using SPSS version 22. The results of this study showed that the frequency of newborns with LBW in Chalus was%3/7. The frequency of pregnant mothers with an age of less than 20 was%3/33 while those over 35 was%11, and%23/8 with consanguineous marriages. The analysis showed that of the maternal characteristics studied, Mather’s age and marital satisfaction had a statistically significant relationship with LBW in newborns. This study demonstrated that certain biological and psychological maternal traits have a considerable impact on LBW in newborns, and can be further considered in programs aimed towards the prevention of LBW.

Reading is the most critical and complicated learning activity for children in the first years of school and is the basis of all various learning. Reading disorder is the most common kind of learning disorder. The working memory outstanding deficiency is proven in who are affected by the reading disorder in different projects. Working memory is the most important cognitive process which is the basis of thought and learning and plays an effective role in learning reading and math for children. Studies about children with learning disorder have shown that deficiencies in working memory are related to reading, writing and mathematics disabilities. Therefore, to design effective interference for this group of children besides reading-skill-centered activities, providing opportunities to reinforce working memory seems also essential.

The most common and significant learning disabilities include reading disorders. Reading is the foundation for all other learning, and children with weak reading skills are more vulnerable learners through their education and future, thereby failed to show significant progress in academic learning outcomes. Reading covers a language learning system and it is a subset of lingual skills. Linguistic difficulties constitute the main core of reading disorders; hence, practitioners in this discipline are required to take the initiative in effective interventional programs, not only as to provide opportunities to practice and develop active learning, but also as to stimulate and strengthen linguistic components of reading.

Working Memory Questionnaire (WMQ) (2012) is a measure for evaluating daily problems in relation with working memory deficits in patients with brain damages. This memory is our ability for recalling and managing data. People take note of the information they need to remember on their minds. So working memory (WM) is one of the effective factors on quality of life. On the other hand, there is a need for reliable and valid memory tool. The main aim of this research was to study psychometric properties of working memory questionnaire (WMQ) in a case from the Iranian society. Instruments of this research were Working Memory Questionnaire (WMQ) and Cornoldi Working Memory Questionnaire that were conducted on 300 (150 male, 150 female) residents in Kashmar city. They participated voluntarily in the research. To determine the validity of the questionnaire, factor discovering analysis and first type confirmation were used. To study convergent validity, researchers used Cornoldi Working Memory Questionnaire and Cronbach Alpha to determine the reliability. Factor analysis results showed that with the exception of items 6 and 29, other items have appropriate factor load. Cronbach Alpha coefficient was 0/894. Also, components of WMQ had statistically significant and positive relationships with Cornoldi Questionnaire scores. Based on the obtained results, WMQ is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing working memory in the Iranian society.

In today's world, the growing trend of immigration led to the increase of the migrantstudents population. However, the migration process for whatever reason or extendof duration, is stressful and these students are at risk in terms of psychologicalproblems. This study aims to investigate the effect of migration on the behavioralproblems of children. This is a causal-comparative research. Using randomizedcluster sampling, 364 children with their mothers were selected, so that from all theprimary and secondary schools of Kish Island, six schools (three girls schools andthree boys schools) were randomly selected, and from each school three classes wereselected, and all the students of each class with their mothers were involved in theresearch as samples. The research data were collected using the Quay & Peterson’sRevised Behavior Problem Checklist (parental version). For data analysis, Mann–Whitney U test was used. The results showed that considering the average rating,there is a significant difference between behavioral problems of native andimmigrant students, both in the total score and in the subscales of scores. The resultsindicate that the risk of behavioral problems in migrant children is significant.Having such information can be helpful in public health planning for the initialprevention of mental health problems in immigrants.

Families apply their own parenting methods for individual and social training of their children. These methods include models of child rearing that are shaped by interaction between behavior of parents and their reactions to children's behaviors. For assessing these methods, different kinds of scales and instruments have been proposed. The aim of this study was to investigate psychometric properties of Arjmandnia Parenting Methods Scale (APMS) on families who have children with intellectual disabilities. This research was a cross-correlational research. The population of this study included all parents who have children with intellectual disability in Tehran. Arjmandnia Parenting Methods Scale (APMS) and the Baumrind Parenting Styles (BPS) were administrated to 300 parents who were selected according to availability sampling method. The results of exploratory factor analysis revealed the validity of the five factors of the scale as indicators of internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha and Theta respectively) and also the split half method indicated favorable credit for the scale and its components. The results show that the APMS has appropriate characteristics and totally can be used in the Iranian sample.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of linguistic plays on the verbal working memory performance in students with reading disorder.
The study design was quasi-experimental, with pre-test, post-test and control group. In this study, purposeful selected method was used for sampling and the sample was included 30 students in second and third grades. The study population were referred to Learning Disorders Clinics in Tehran and the Imam Hossein Hospital and were diagnosed as the reading disorder. The subjects were randomly assigned to the two experimental and control groups (each containing 15 individuals). Linguistic plays were conducted for a 50-minute session for six weeks (two sessions per week). To evaluate the effect of the linguistic plays, working memory subtests of WISC-4 (as an index of verbal working memory) were utilized. Analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data.
The findings achieved through data analysis showed that after omitting pre-test effect, test of working memory indicates the effectiveness of linguistic plays on the performance of verbal working memory both in students’ total score in the test and in working memory sub-tests.
According to the results of this research and the importance of improving working memory performance of students with reading disorder, it can be suggested that the linguistic plays can be used in the schools and health centers to increase the performance of both working memory in students with reading disorder.