سمیه سامانی

Depression is one of the most common mental disorders. Often the onset of this disease is during adolescence and early youth. This period, which is the period of transition from childhood to adulthood, is a stage of emotional instability caused by the demand for separation and independence. Students are in this age range. The occurrence of depression at this age causes a sharp drop in academic and social performance. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the prevalence of depression in Iranian medical students using Beck questionnaire.

A systematic review and meta-analysis was conductted. All articles written in English and Persian on the prevalence of depression in medical students up to 22 August 20023 were searched in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Magiran, and Scientific Information Database (SID) databases, and Google Scholar search engine. The heterogeneity of the studies was investigated using the I2 index and the meta-regression model to evaluate the variables suspected of heterogeneity at a significance level of 0.05. Finally, 9 articles were analyzed using CMA software.

The overall prevalence of depression in Iranian medical students based on the nine published articles was 15.2% (95% CI 11.8-19.5; 95%). The highest depression in medical students was recorded in Hamedan, 24.8% (95% Cl: 19.5%-30.9%) in 2015 and the lowest prevalence of depression in medical students was obtained in Kerman province, 6.5% (95% CI: 4-10.4) in 2016. Depression was higher in female than male students. Also, a significant statistical correlation was observed between prevalence of depression in medical students and years (P<0.05).

The prevalence of depression in Iranian medical students was 15.2%. Although, the rate of prevalence was increased annually; therefore, policy makers and managers should take serious measures to reduce depression.

Depression is one of the most prevalent mental disorders among students associated with a major decline in academic and social performance. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of depression in Iran's nursing students.

the research was conducted as a systematic review and meta analysis, all published scientific articles related to the prevalence of depression in nursing students were searched in 5 databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, SID, Magiran) and Google Scholar search engine and then their quality was evaluated. The heterogeneity of the studies was investigated using the I2 index and meta-regression model to evaluate heterogeneity-prone variables at a significance level of 0.05. Ultimately, 9 articles met the criteria for inclusion in this study and were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software.

Based on the random model, the prevalence of depression in Iranian nursing students was equal to 3.2% (2.1 – 4.5; 95% confidence level). Results showed that the highest prevalence of depression in nursing students was 6.2% (5.3-7.1; 95% confidence limit) in Sistan and Balochestan province in 2004, while the lowest prevalence was 0.8% (0.5-1.2; confidence limit 95%) in Esfahan and Qom provinces in 2016. Also, there was a significant relationship between the calendar year, sample size, average age, and prevalence of depression in Iranian nursing students (P<0.05).

The results showed that the prevalence of depression in nursing students was 3.2%, which decreased with the increase of the calendar year and average age. Nevertheless, policymakers and managers must take measures to reduce depression.

Objective (s):

 The outbreak of Covid-19 induced many psychological consequences on various segments of society, including nurses. Fear and anxiety caused by the Covid-19 epidemic in nurses, in addition to triggering mental disorders, could reduce the quality of services and increase the costs of the health system. Therefore, this study was performed to assess anxiety of Iranian nurses during the corona epidemic.

This meta-analysis included all published papers reporting on anxiety in Iranian nurses during the corona epidemic. Heterogeneity of studies was evaluated using theI2 index and the probability of diffusion in diffusion by Egger test and meta-regression model to evaluate the variables suspected of heterogeneity at a significance level of 0.05. Finally, 15 articles were analyzed using CMA software.

Based on the random-effects model, the mean and standard deviation of the anxiety of Iranian nurses during the corona pandemic was equal to 21.96 ± 3.18 (10.17-15.71; 95% confidence interval).  The highest mean and standard deviation of nurses' anxiety in 2020 was equal to 44.08 ± 0.76 (42.58- 45.57; 95% confidence interval) and the lowest mean and standard deviation of nurses' anxiety in 2020 was equal to 4.37 ± 0.38 (3.60 -5.13; 95% confidence interval). There was also a significant relationship between sample size and anxiety of Iranian nurses during the corona epidemic (P <0.05).

The results showed that nurses suffered from anxiety during the corona epidemic. The findings suggest there is need to take appropriate preventive measures among nurses during such crisis.

Due to the many developments in the field of science and knowledge, self-directed learning can play a key role in lifelong learning and empowerment as a very important skill. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the attitude of healthcare services management students of Zabol University of Medical Sciences towards self-directed learning in 2019.

In this descriptive-analytical study, 62 students of health care management major were selected using the census method. A standard questionnaire was used in this study. Data were analyzed using appropriate descriptive and inferential tests.

The most frequent elements were "lack of influence from the teacher" (3.24 ± 0.935) in the category of perception of self-direct learning, "higher arousal power than the traditional method" (2.65 ± 0.791) in the category of how to effect learning, "quizzes and tests" (2.73 ± 0.961) in the category of barriers and "good lecture" (3.02 ± 1.000) in the category of motivational factors.

From the students' point of view, Individual characteristics played an important role in determining self-directed learning efficiency and lack of knowledge was one of the major obstacles.

Dust deposition phenomenon is one of the most important environmental crisis in places close to desert or dry areas. One of the environmental issues in the eastern regions of Iran is the activity of dust storms and aerosols in the atmosphere of cities. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effects of dust on the prevalence of respiratory diseases among the second-grade high school female students in Zabol City.

In this descriptive-analytic research, 300 female students of the second grade of 5 high schools in the Zabol city were selected randomly in the academic year of 2018-19. Data is collected through demographic and standard respiratory diseases questionnaire and inserted intoSPSS21 software and analyzed via descriptive-analytical statistics.

The results revealed that the prevalence of respiratory diseases and allergy symptoms are higher on stormy daysamong the students (p value < 0.05). Besides, there is a statistically significant correlation between the students' educational level, the presence of respiratory diseases, the Chest pressure and allergy symptoms
(p value < 0.05). The most common respiratory diseases in the mentioned cases are related to year eleven. Moreover, there is a significant relationship between lower grade (or Less GPA) and respiratory distress (p value > 0.05).

Due to the results of this study, most of the students have breathing difficulties on stormy days and the effects of dust were quite clear on them. In addition to the necessity of remedial actions of dust control in the Sistan province, screening and monitoring breathing difficulties among students should be considered in their health control schedule.

Introduction and purpose: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are among the most important causes of disinclination to work and reduced work incentives and can lead to occupational stress over time. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the prevalence of MSDs and occupational stress among rural carpet weavers in Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran. This descriptive analytical study was conducted on 100 female carpet weavers living in four villages of Sistan province. The study population was selected through convenience sampling technique. The estimation of the prevalence of MSDs and job stress was accomplished using the Nodric questionnaire for Psychological and Social Factors at Work. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software (version 16) using t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient. According to the results, the female carpet weavers had a high level of occupational stress. The most frequent MSD was observed in the upper back (98%), while the least frequent one was related to the knee disorders (45%). Occupational stress showed a positive relationship with MSDs and their components (except for the three components of the hip, knee, and leg) (P=0.001). Based on the findings of the research, it is essential to take effective measures to reduce occupational stress among rural female carpet weavers. Furthermore, considering the effect of six out of nine components of MSDs on occupational stress, the consideration of the improvement and proper design of the workplace, mental and emotional needs of carpet weavers, proper way of siting and mobility, and exercise at certain times can effectively reduce occupational stress and skeletal disorders.

Introduction and Aniline is a simple aromatic compound that has a wide application in various industries. This compound has mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. Given the solubility and high toxicity of aniline, the entrance of this compound into the surface and ground water can endanger human and environment and disturb aqueous species life . Regarding this, the present study was conducted to investigate the elimination of aniline from aqueous solutions by means of Arachis hypogaea ash.
The equilibrium adsorption level was determined as a function of the solution pH (i.e., 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11), contact time (i.e., 20-150 min), adsorbent doses (i.e., 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1, 1.2, and 1.5 g/L), and aniline initial concentration (i.e., 20-150 mg/L). Adsorption kinetic was assessed using pseudo first order, pseudo second order, and Elovich kinetics.
According to the results, Arachis hypogaea ash was capable of reducing aniline by 65% at the pH of 7, initial aniline concentration of 90 mg/ L, contact time of 120 min, and dosage of 0.8 g/L. Regarding the adsorption kinetics, and a second-order equation resulted in the achievement of the best fit.
As the finding indicated, Arachis hypogaea ash as an inexpensive absorbent was a quite effective substance for the removal of aniline from water and wastewater.