سمیه علیزاده

Weaning of children depends on several factors, recognizing each of these factors will be effective in adopting strategies to prevent abrupt cessation of breastfeeding. The aim of this study was to investigate the method of complete weaning of children and the factors affecting it in mothers with children aged 30-36 months in Kerman.

In this cross-sectional study, 802 urban and rural mothers with children aged 30 to 36 months were selected by stratified random sampling. A breastfeeding pattern questionnaire with 75 to 98% Cronbach's alpha was used to collect data. Data analysis was performed using spss-21 software.

The average age of the mothers was 31.41±5.5, most of who had a university degree (45.2%) and were housewives (81.4%). In this study, complete weaning was gradual in 39% of children. The mean duration of gradual cessation of lactation was 21 days. 66.5% of mothers had obtained information in this regard. 58.2% of mothers made changes in their children's nutrition program. 46.7% of mothers considered a program (such as traveling, buying toys and going to park) for psychological support of their child.

Mothers need specialized training in the process of weaning their children to complete the gradually weaning process for mothers and children without the use of various drugs or chemicals, with minimal possible physical or psychological damage.

Sport is considered to be a problem for the development and maintenance of physical and mental health in society and its lack is considered a problem. The purpose of this study was development and Psychometrics "Factors Affecting Sports Poverty Scale”.

The present research is methodological and a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. In the qualitative section, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 faculty members and sports officials. In the quantitative part, content validity was measured by content validity ratio using Lawshe table. Content Validity Index was measured by Waltz & Bausell method. The construct validity was calculated by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis among 460 participants in public sports in West Azerbaijan province who were randomly selected by cluster sampling. Reliability was measured by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability was performed by 40 participants of public sports in West Azerbaijan province who were non-random and convenience. Data analysis was performed in SPSS. 24 and PLS .1.2.3.

From the findings of the qualitative section, scale items were obtained. The content validity ratio was 0.73 and the Content Validity Index was 0.84. The results of factor analysis with 192 items showed 16 subscales. The reliability of the scale was obtained by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient of subscales between 0.72 to 0.92 and composite reliability between 0.73 to 0.94.

The "Factors Affecting Sports Poverty Scale"was developed with validity and reliability. Therefore, its use is recommended to measure and identify the factors affecting sports poverty.

Today, the rapid growth of cities and the consequent need for large-scale housing have made the issue of dealing with widespread change in metropolitan areas a major challenge in urban planning and human geography. Therefore, the occurrence of the phenomenon of cell movement, which is mostly observed in areas with high regional values. in the present study, with the aim of evaluating the correlation between the life of the building and the increase in density in Region 2 of Tabriz metropolis (Zafaranieh town) to investigate the principles and indicators governing the amount of dense construction in the study area. In terms of purpose, it is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical research in terms of nature. In order to collect data and information, two main methods of field libraries have been used. Thus, after reviewing the theoretical foundations of the research, to extract the price of residential land in Zafaranieh alley (land price and issued building permits) during the period 2009-2019 by referring to real estate agencies and municipalities as neighborhood it was prepared. In order to analyze the effects of increasing the regional value and reducing the useful life of buildings by increasing building density, models including kriging interpolation, kernel, cross-writing, fuzzy, Shannon and Pearson entropy in GIS, IDRISI software environment , SPSS and EXCEL were used. There is a high correlation between increasing the value of the area and increasing the building density in the area, which is equal to 0.863. In fact, since Zafaranieh town with average land value is one of the high value areas of Tabriz and the life of altered parts and cells is less than thirty years, this shows the correlation between increasing the regional value and reducing the useful life of the building.

Statement of Problem: Lack of financial capacity of executive agents and urban management in helping housing programs and financing of urban services has been effective in the process of formation and nature of urban density and also the realization of unforeseen densities in urban development plans.Therefore, in the last two decades, the policy of selling excess building density by municipalities has caused disruption in the country's urban system, space organization and urban image. Therefore, these factors have led to a lack of service uses and increased mass congestion, which over time has turned cities into a platform for land and housing business.

In the present article, we intend to study the changes in building density in Zafaranieh town of Tabriz to measure the paradigms affecting the formation of building densities in the study area.

The present research method is descriptive-analytical in terms of purpose, application and nature. Accordingly, two main library-field methods have been used to collect data and information. Thus, after reviewing the theoretical foundations of the research, first, using the approved plans of the city of Tabriz, the number of floors and criteria related to urban densities of the study area during the period 1390 - 1399 were extracted; Then, referring to the municipality of Tabriz region 2, the number of issued permits, the number of construction floors and the revenues from the sale of density were determined.In order to analyze the data, using Arc GIS geographic information system and models such as: CrossTeb, Holdern model and Shannon model, changes in the number of building floors, the growth rate of saffron town and the distribution of altered parts are analyzed.Result and

The results of this study show that in the period 1390 - 1399, changes in building density in the study area were quite noticeable that the most important factor in this field was the sale of density to provide municipal revenue.

In December 2019, the COVID-19 was first reported in Wuhan, China, and the World Health Organization declared its outbreak an international concern. Pregnant women are among the high-risk groups that COVID-19 can have a significant impact on their health. Since COVID-19 can increase maternal and fetal mortality, this narrative review study was performed to evaluate the complications of COVID-19 in pregnant women.

This study reviews data from several reliable databases such as PubMed, SID, Magiran, Web of Science, and Scopus, without time limit until October 2020. The keywords included "Pregnancy", "Pregnant women", and "COVID-19". According to the inclusion criteria, finally, 26 articles were included in the study.

In this study, most reported maternal and fetal complications in pregnant women with COVID-19 include thrombotic events, acute respiratory distress syndrome, fetal distress, preterm delivery, postpartum fever, PROM, vaginal bleeding, and preeclampsia. The most common effect of COVID-19 during pregnancy is on the coagulation, immune and cardiopulmonary systems, which is mostly due to the stimulation of the immune system. It can also affect the coagulation system and cause thrombotic events.

It seems that COVID-19 can increase the severity of the disease and its complications in pregnant women and threaten the health of the mother and fetus.

Use of explosives by terrorist organizations has increased extensively in recent years. It is important to develop non-destructive and highly sensitive sensors to detect explosives. In this paper, a Photonic Crystal sensor using waveguides and nano cavities in a hexagonal network of silicon rods in the air substrate is proposed. Nano cavities are filled by an organic material with refractive index of 1.59. This two-dimensional Photonic Crystal sensor can detect two different explosives, RDX and HMX, simultaneously. The area of this symmetrical hexagonal structure is 19×17µm2. The FDTD method with plane wave propagation was used for analysis. Simulation is performed and the transmission spectrum of the structure is plotted. The entry of explosive in to the sensor causes the change of the refractive index. The maximum amplitude of the transmission spectrum at the output of two channels at 1590 nm has been increased due to the difference in the light absorption. Then, a difference of 0.03 in the maximum amplitude of the transmission spectrum is shown because of two different explosives. This feature is very useful for sensing and detection applications. Quality factor (Q factor ) for the designed sensor has been measured bout 122.28.

Drivers are more exposed to unhealthy lifestyle due to their working conditions. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the relation between lifestyle and high-risk behaviors in drivers visiting the Cargo Terminal of Yazd.

This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2017 in the Cargo Terminal of Yazd. Convenience sampling was performed. Data were collected using two questionnaires, a lifestyle and a researcher-made high-risk behaviors questionnaire. Data were analyzed by independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and Logistic Regression using SPSS version 22.

The results indicated that 59.3% were smokers, 44.9% hookah users, 24% drug users, and 65.3% had relation with someone other than. There was a significant correlation between lifestyle and smoking and also drug use. Income and the number of days away from family showed a significant relation with all the high-risk behaviors. Marital status had a significant relation with hookah use and the relation with their wife. Also, education had a significant relation with hookah use and drug use.

Conducting intervention programs to prevent the use of various tobacco products and also the use of appropriate preventive measures to prevent the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases can play an important role in improving lifestyle and reducing high-risk behaviors in drivers.

Hypertension is a chronic disease that causes a great deal of harm to the individual, which is the leading cause of disability and death worldwide, accounting for one eighth of all deaths. This disease is not treatable but it is manageable. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate factors related to hypertension based on health belief model in Yazd.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 400 people over 30 years old in Yazd city. Sampling was done by cluster method. Subjects were included in the study according to the address of the headers. Questionnaires were completed by self-report and interview. Data collection tools were demographic questionnaire, awareness questions and health belief model. SPSS 15 software was used for data analysis. Statistical indices, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman correlation were used to analyze the results.

The mean and standard deviation of age were 44.08 ±11.6 years. There was a significant relationship between demographic variables of age, gender, occupation, education, marital status and history of hypertension in relatives. Among the constructs of health belief model, only the perceived barriers showed a significant relationship with blood pressure (P <0.01).

Since there is a significant relationship between perceived barriers and hypertension, it is suggested that future interventions be designed to reduce perceived barriers (No need to change lifestyles, lack of time for physical activity, cost of regular blood pressure control, and no family accompanying diet changes) and blood pressure control.

Drug abuse is one of the important challenges in the field of mental health and adolescence health promotion. Because of the social and medical cost of drug abuse and its consequences among youth people, it is necessary to intervene effectively. This theoretical based study explained predictability of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) on drug abuse related behaviors among adolscents.  This cross-sectional study was conducted in Chabahar City in 2015 among 300 male adolescents, recruited randomly. All data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire with confirmed reliability and validity. The data were analyzed by independent t- test and pearson correlation.  we found that 77% of the participants had no history of parental drug abuse. Furthermore, 72% of participants reported a history of using industrial drugs in their friends. The Chi-square test showed that adolescent's smoking had a significant relationship with father's education, family size, history of using industrial drugs in parents , history of using industrial drugs in friends, and the participants' business o (P˃0.000). However, the level of maternal education (P = 682) and living with parents (P = 729) had no significant relationship with the adolescents' smoking rate since knowledge and attitude had the highest correlation and predictability with industrial drug abuse among the adolescents, theory of planned behavior can be used properly and effectively to plan and implement  prevention programs among the adolescents.

Considering the effects of power plants locations on society, economy and environment, it is important to choose a suitable site for this facility. In order to find a suitable location for the construction of combined-cycle power plant, GIS can effectively provide a combination of the required information for site selection. This study aims to identify the most important factors in determining the appropriate place for the construction of combined-cycle power plants. The role and influence of each factor (distance from access roads, altitude, slope of the land, distance from the earthquake-prone areas, distance from surface water resources and distance of the fault lines) are also determined.

Using fuzzy membership functions, the standardized criteria maps were created in GIS based on the nature and role of these factors in the site selection. First, it was necessary to multiply these layers to their weights based on their priorities for combination of the criteria. Fuzzy AHP was used for this purpose. Finally, Ordered Weighted Averaging was used to overlay and combine the layers.

The results indicate that the northwestern part of Qazvin province is inappropriate for the intended purpose and eastern and southeast parts of the study area are forecasted.

Since the risk level of making decision is controlled at high, low or intermediate in combination of the layers by this method, the application of the results of this method will be acceptable, making decisions based on this method will have less uncertainty and the results of this method can be used with more confidence.

  Nowadays, people are exposed at large quantities of magnetic field due to industrialization of the environment; therefore, studying the effect of these fields on human health is very important. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic field on the quantity and structure of hemoglobin of employees in electricity industry. The present experimental study was carried out in the employees of a power generation plant in Tehran in 2017. Using total population sampling method, 29 employees of exploitation department were selected as exposed group and 29 employees of administrative and support department were selected as unexposed group. The magnetic field intensity of the power generation plant was studied by NIOSH 203 method. Blood samples were collected from two groups of people; hemoglobin concentration in blood samples were evaluated by spectrophotometer and changes in hemoglobin structure were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The data were analyzed by SPSS 16, using the Mann-Whitney U test. The mean of hemoglobin concentration in the exposed group (15.67±1.42) was significantly different from that of the unexposed group (17.31±3.03), so that the hemoglobin level of the exploitation department staff was lower than that of the administrative and support staff (p<0.0001). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed significant changes in the 1413 and 11430cm-1 between the exposed and unexposed groups. Contact with extremely low frequency of magnetic field causes changes in hemoglobin quantity and its molecular structure in employees in electricity industry.

  Collection, secretion, and burial of waste products by scientific and economic methods are from the main problems with regard to hygiene and environment. Evaluation of the current situation and the ways that individuals, families, and industrial managers deal with this issue are basic steps towards applying the right methods in this regard. This study was carried out to predict the effective factors on the waste collection behavior in Kerman using the health belie model. This cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted in Kerman city in 2015. The stratified random sampling method was conducted and 400 general practitioners were selected. A researcher-made questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model was applied. The validity and reliability of this questionnaire were confirmed. Data collected using descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation coefficient, and the Kruskal-Wallis test were analyzed by SPSS version 16. The results showed that the mean age of participants was 28.12 ± 1.06 years. The benefits, severity, and perceived sensitivity had the highest means, respectively. No significant relationship was found among individuals' education, awareness, and perceived sensitivity. Considering the variables of perceived barriers, benefits, and severity, the significant level was less than 0.05. Two-thirds of the participations introduced "home" as the best place to conduct the desired behavior. Perceived benefits, severity, and sensitivity were identified as the best predictors of waste collection behavior. So, in order to improve the behavior, we recommend planning based on the health belief model with an emphasis on the reduction of barriers and increase of the perceived benefits and severity.

Blood donation rate in developed countries is 18 times higher than developing countries. It is estimated that if only five percent of Iran population embark on blood donation, it will be adequate to meet the needs of the community. The aim of this paper is to identify the blood donators’ loyalty behavior for proper planning to extend and enhance blood donation habits among the community.
A cross-sectional survey was applied through census in the present study. The data extracted from blood transfusion center of Tehran from 2005 to 2010 was used in this study. Clementine 12.0 was used for data analysis. K-Means clustering is based on demographic data and RFM values modes which were applied to obtain the best ratio among different fields.
The mean value of root mean square standard deviation for RFB-based clustering and demographic were 10.7194 and 11.1411,respectively. This finding confirmed better data clustering by RFB-based algorithm. The data were placed by RFB-based algorithm in four clusters. The fourth cluster consisted of single males who obtained the best loyalty rank and the third cluster consisted of married females who obtained the least loyalty rank.
Applying data mining methods for analysis and classification of blood donors changes current attitude towards blood donation procedure. Survey of donor behavior helps us to identify faster and more precise donor loyalty as well as having proper management of the blood transfusion centers.

Today, the effective role of information technology in intelligent transportation systems is not limited to the use of IT approaches to set up and implement these systems, but also to collect, manage and analyze information from it, so achieving the goals of ITS without studying the data obtained It is impossible. Data derived from the use of intelligent transport systems has three prominent features. First of all, huge amounts of data are generated due to the use of a variety of sensors, cameras, global positioning systems (GPS), spatial information management systems (GIS), and moreover, the problem of storage, analysis and applications of these data presents serious challenges. Second, data is produced and changed at an unprecedented pace. Encountering a variety of data streams and rapid response to other challenge variations is considered. The use of information and communication technology in intelligent transport infrastructure hardware hard ware and the ability to store data types transmitted from this equipment has led. Massive database of information on the activities of this equipment. Transmitted data from cameras contains useful information that, if analyzed, can be used for prediction, control and management. The analysis of these bulky data is not possible by manual methods; data mining provides the ability to extract knowledge from the mass of information by using automated solutions. This paper presents an effective model for extracting knowledge from plaque-camera data. Implementing this model is a valuable knowledge of the behavior of the drivers of the public passenger transport fleet.

Accumulating evidence suggests that fruits and vegetables intake (FVI) plays a protective role against major diseases. Regarding the crucial role of women in feeding the family, we investigated effectiveness of education on fruits and vegetables consuming behavior of rural women in Chabahar applying theory of planned behavior.
Rural Native Chabahar women (n =152), ages 12-75 years old, were selected by multistage sampling. Baseline and post-intervention measures of TPB variables, knowledge and behavior were collected via questionnaire. Bivariate correlations, paired and independent t-tests and stepwise regression analyses of TBP model were performed with SPSS software.
There were significant changes in fruits and vegetables consuming intention, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, attitude and behavior.
Changes in attitude together with intention predicted approximately 12% of the fruits and vegetables consuming behavior change. Whereas changes in subjective norms, knowledge and perceived behavioral control predicted approximately 25% of change in intention to consume fruits and vegetables. Changes in intention could only predict4% of changes in behavior.
Findings from this study suggest that educational intervention based on theory of planned behavior can be effective in fruits and vegetables consuming behavior.Results indicate that programs promoting healthy eating to women might focus on subjective norms and intention via family based education.

As life expectancy and the population of old people increases, quality of life in elderly people becomes more important. The aim of this study was to determine the factors predicting quality of life in elderly people using PRECEDE model.
This is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study. Data were collected using the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)–BREF questionnaire and another questionnaire including 67 questions according to the PRECEDE model components, which its reliability and validity were approved. Multi-stage random sampling method was used in two healthcare centers in Kerman and 80 elderly people were selected. Date were analyzed using linear regression and statistical indices via SPSS 15.
The mean age of participants was 67.7±7.1 years old, and most of them were female and married. The quality of life of elderly people was moderate. Among components of the PRECEDE model, knowledge (a component of predisposing factors) and enabling factors were the most significant factors predicting quality of life among the participants (R2 =0.46).
According to the results, enabling factors and knowledge (a component of predisposing factors) were identified as the most important factors predicting quality of life. Therefore, more focus on these factors in educational programs for elderly people is recommended.

This is important to consider the health, social support, and marital satisfaction of drivers since they own one of the essential and stressful jobs in society. The purpose of this research was to investigate quality of life, marital satisfaction, and social support of the drivers referring to the cargo terminal of Yazd City.
In order to collect data, 134 drivers in Yazd cargo terminal were selected. The ENRICH questionnaire of marital satisfaction, SF-36 questionnaire, and social support questionnaire (SSQ) have been used as data collection tools. The collected data were then analyzed by Independent T test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Pearson correlation.
According to the results, the driver's average age was 40.2±9.17 years old. The mean scores of marital satisfaction, quality of life, and social support were equal to 120.04±20.14 out of 175, 99.69±18.14 out of 149, and 15±4.76 out of 23, respectively. About 60.4 % of drivers were not satisfied with their jobs. There were significant relationships between weight and marital satisfaction (P=0.02), as well as between job satisfaction (P=0.003) (P=0.015) and income (P=0.047) (P=0.020), to social support and quality of life. Also, a strong significant positive relationship was observed in correlation coefficient between social support and two variables of quality of life and marital satisfaction (P=0.000).
This can be argued that marital satisfaction, quality of life, and social support of the drivers are lower than the expected levels. Therefore, it can be concluded that physical and mental health of drivers can be effective on safety of roads; thereby it is necessary to improve their conditions in marital satisfaction, quality of life, and social support

Physical activity is one of the most important health behaviors. The aim of this study was to determine the factors related to physical activity based on the “BASENF Model” in Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2016.
In this descriptive-correlational study, 480 male and female students were selected through stratified sampling. To collect data, the “International Physical Activity Questionnaire” and a questionnaire based on the “BASNEF Model” were used. Content validity and reliability by Cronbach's alpha was determined by five experts. Data was analyzed by SPSS 20.
In this study, physical activity levels at 0.56%, 28.1% and 15.2% were considered as low, moderate and high, respectively. There was a correlation in age, income and education, with physical activity. The most important predictors of physical activity were enabling factors and behavioral intention.
Enabling factors and behavioral intention were determined as the two most important predictors of the model. Due to low physical activity in students, planning physical activity sessions are suggested.

Selling products and understanding customers are two in uential factors in today's competitive world. To keep up with the pace, dierent branches in industry such as food industry have decided to attract and increase their customers, products and services and consumer goods such as edible oil are no exception. Increasing brand awareness and retaining customers are two of objectives in this process. Sciences such as data mining are very helpful in understanding customer behavior. Nowadays, data mining and customer relationship management, as two complementary sciences, help to improve getting to know customers, managing customer relationship properly and increasing revenue. In this paper, a research has been carried out on the data of an edible oil producing company using the above concepts. Using K means algorithm and RFM analysis, dierent customer clusters have been studied and after calculating the optimum number of clusters, customer behavior has been examined using Customer Lifetime Value analysis and an effort has been made to provide solutions for improving customer relationship and reaching company goals. Finally, due to the similarity between recency concept and market share and also market growth to purchase cash ow or monetary, the two concepts have been combined with growth share matrix and the company in question has been analyzed from market share and growth view points and a solution to increase the two factors, which are fundamental concepts in business continuity, has been proposed.

Considering the importance of continuing education programs for physician, so the most important duty of planners and office managers is holding and updating medical information, in this regards, this study aimed to assess continuing education programs from view points of general practitioners to modify the weaknesses and enhance the strengths of these programs in Golestan university of medical sciences.
This cross-sectional study has been done on general practitioners participating in the 5 Continuing medical education programs holding in second half of 2012 in Golestan university of medical scienses. sampling method was census and Instruments for doing this research was a questionnaire used by the office of continuing medical education in university. The questionnaire was composed of two parts: The first section consists of 10 questions on demographic characteristics, underlying the second part of the program implemented based on the Likert scale. questionnaires were distributed among all physicians participating in these programs and 333 questionnaires (an average of 60 questions per program) were completed. The results using of SPSS software based on descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) were analyzed.
The average age of participants in this study was 40 ± 6.2 years, and their history of medical practices were 13±5.9.the rate of responding to the questionnaire was 83%. In this study, 62.7 % of the participants believed that corresponding of the content of programs to their business needs was high and very high . 91.3% of physicians declare the rate of success of programs in presenting new scientific material were moderate and more, while 62.3 consider active participation in discussion (questions and answering,discussion and implementation panel) was moderate to low.
More participants in CME programs declare their satisfaction of the contents of the programs regarding new scientific materials and corresponding with their job needs , it is suggested adult learning methods must be considered so that CME programs become more effective.

The prevalence of high blood pressure worldwide and Creation of serious complications in organs, the disease has become a major health problem in all societies that management of the disease appears to be very important. The present study aimed to determine predictive factors of high blood pressure in patients with hypertension, according to the health belief model.
This cross-sectional study was done on 135 patients over 30 years with high blood pressure in Kerman. Multi-stage sampling was performed. The patients were randomly enrolled in this study. Self-report questionnaires and interviews have been completed. Data collection tool was questionnaire of demographic factors, knowledge and health belief model. To analyze the data, SPSS version 15 statistical indicators and linear regression were used for data analysis.
The mean age 46.45 ± 10.47 years. Among the demographic variables, age and marital status had directly significant relationship related to the control of hypertension in people. Regression test between the constructs of self-efficacy, perceived benefits and cues to action showed a significant association with blood pressure.
The results showed that the mean score of health belief model structures investigated was moderate. It is Recommended that a detailed plan of training for blood pressure of patients based on Health Belief Model on self-efficacy, perceived benefits and cues for action that was strong predictor of blood pressure being done so in the long term we can avoid the complications of this disease.

Nowadays, leading-edge advanced medical tools and new ways of communication are two important considerations in any medical discussions. Algorithms introduced in the field of data mining are able to appropriately interpret and analyze a variety of problems.
Data mining is a category of methods helping extraction of information from given data in a way that the output is useful, either for decision making, prediction or estimation. Banking procedures, customer behaviour analysis, medical applications, classification of customers and their needs are some of the fields that employ data mining. In the medical field, data mining has been employed successfully in diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Along with global advances in medical science, researchers and the medical community in Iran have progressed notably in discovering new methods of dealing with infertility. Clustering is an unsupervised method used in data mining to partition a set of unlabeled objects by putting them into groups, such that elements in each group are more similar to each other, in some sense, compared to elements of other groups. One of the common clustering algorithms is known as K-means. Even though successful, the randomness embedded in the algorithm, while selecting initial clusters, causes a variation in results which is not desired. This body of work proposes a new method which uses a hierarchical algorithm to improve the initial cluster selections of K-means. This new ensemble method is applied to infertile patient data in Sarem Hospital and the results are shown. This data has been collected from patients with infertility problems being treated using the ICSI method.

For effective Customer Relationship Management (CRM), it is important to gather information on customer value. The concept of segmentation is central to CRM. Segmentation is the method of knowing the customers and partitioning a population of customers into smaller groups. In other words, it means partitioning a population of customers into different segments, considering the most within-segment homogeneity and between-segment heterogeneity. It also allows a company to differentially treat consumers in different segments. The mass marketing approach cannot satisfy the needs of today's diverse customers. This diversity should be satisfied using segmentation that divides markets into customer clusters with similar needs and/or characteristics that are likely to exhibit similar purchasing behaviors. One-to-one marketing is the ideal marketing strategy, in which every marketing campaign or product is optimally targeted at each individual customer; but this is not always possible. Thus, segmentation is required to distinguish similar clients and put them together in a segment. Doubtlessly, using segmentation to understand customer need is much easier, faster and more economical than uniquely investing in an understanding of individuals. This paper provides a proper framework for customer segmentation based on their lifetime value. In this study, first, we try to calculate RFM variables; recency (R), frequency (F) and monetary (M), in two groups of data including purchasing SMS (331 clients) and sending SMS (248 clients). Then, values are weighted with research and based on the advice of experts, and the optimal number of clusters based on Davis was determined. The results of the present study are to analyze and compare customer behavior in both the purchasing and sending processes. Then, we identified customer segmentation, customer lifetime value in the form of a pyramid, and the value of the company's key customers. Finally, some suggestions are offered to improve the company purchasing and sending systems.