سمیه عمادی

The aim of the research was the structural analysis of the model of human resources productivity of the Ministry of Petroleum. This research was practical in terms of purpose and the data was collected in the field and in a mixed way (qualitative and quantitative). The statistical population was 15 experts in the qualitative section and 15 experts in the quantitative section, managers, managers, and physical education experts of the Ministry of Petroleum and users, who were first randomly selected by stratification, and then 384 people were selected as a sample. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by sports management professors and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test (α=0.86). SPSS, Amos and Lisrel software were used for data analysis. Based on the findings, 37 indicators in the form of 12 components have an effect on improving the productivity of physical training of the Ministry of Oil. Considered planning, motivational measures, and managerial and technical empowerment will improve the productivity of human resources in the physical education of the Ministry of Petroleum.

The purpose of this study was to present a model of organizational professionalism in physical education of the Ministry of Education with a data-based approach.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and the data were collected as a sequential exploratory mix with the foundation data method, based on theoretical purposeful sampling and conducting 23 in-depth interviews and systematic analysis of human resources experts in physical education and university professors. According to the method proposed by Strauss and Corbin (2011), data analysis was performed simultaneously in three stages of open, axial and selective coding.

The model of organizational professionalism in physical education of the Ministry of Education has 20 main categories and 62 sub-categories in the form of contextual conditions, intervening factors, causal factors, strategies and consequences. Also, based on the findings, the strategies for transforming the Office of Physical Education into a professional organization are developing a meritocracy system in management, developing a performance appraisal system, empowering human resources, developing motivational measures, communication, and increasing research and development.

Achieving and implementing strategies will have consequences such as evolving teachers' professional identities, program dynamics, streamlining executive activities and processes, organizational dynamism and excellence, improving organizational performance, and developing educational productivity and quality of physical education lessons.

The study is to analyze the environment and evaluate the position of beach soccer in Iran throug a strategic approach. The research method was descriptive and in the form of strategic studies. This research was applied in terms of purpose and the information was collected in the field in a mixed qualitative and quantitative method. The statistical population in the quantitative part, including prominent managers and coaches of beach soccer in the federation and football delegations, was equal to 75 people and in the qualitative part included 18 experts. Due to the limited membership, the community became equal to the sample. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire containing environmental factors of beach soccer, the validity of which was confirmed by 10 professors of university sports management and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test (α=83). To determine the strategic position of beach soccer in the country, the internal and external factors evaluation matrix was used.
The findings showed that in the country's beach soccer, there are eight strengths, eight weaknesses, neither opportunities nor threats, and a conservative strategic position was achieved. The officials should take advantage of opportunities and strengths such as the development of scientific centers, government and official support for football, connecting the north and south of the country to the sea, multiple islands and experienced players and coaches, to address weaknesses and reduce the effects of threats. Because of unprofessional management and teamwork, there are lack of basic competitions, lack of a comprehensive system for talent identification and increasing investment of competitors.

The purpose of this study was to map and streamline HR strategies in the Ministry of Sport and Youth with a balanced scorecard approach. The research method is descriptive and purposefully applied. The research data were collected in field and mixed method (quantitative and qualitative). The statistical population of the study in the quantitative section included 65 officials and experts of the Ministry of Sport and Youth Affairs and the provincial general managers of sport and youth equal to 65 persons and 12 experts in the qualitative section. Due to the limitations of members, the sample was considered equal to the population (integer). The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by 10 university sports management professors and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test (α = 0.85). Logical induction method and Strategic Council meetings were used to analyze the data in the qualitative section and Cronbach's alpha and frequency percentage in the descriptive and quantitative sections. The findings showed that in the HRM system of the Ministry of Sport and Youth, there are 4 perspectives (productivity, stakeholders, internal processes and growth and learning), 26 strategic goals, 32 measures and 39 actions and initiatives. It can be concluded that given the alignment of strategies with strategic goals, measures and initiatives and HR initiatives and initiatives of the Ministry of Sport and Youth in different contexts, in addition to the strategic implementation, increase the capacity of the organization. And it's purposeful.

The aim was to identify and analyze the indicators and components of the development of women's professional football.

Research. The current research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of method, which was conducted in a mixed qualitative and quantitative manner. Sampling in the qualitative section was based on a specialized and targeted panel and equal to 19 people. The statistical population in the quantitative part included women's soccer officials and experts, 384 of whom were first randomly selected by stratification and then non-randomly available. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 10 sports management professors and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test (α=0.93). SPSS and Lisrel software were used for data analysis.

The findings showed that 72 indicators in the form of 18 components and in the order of priority in motivational and attitudinal, cultural and social, technical-expert, financial and infrastructure and management dimensions have an effect on the development of women's professional football.

Preparing a platform and context to strengthen these individual motivations and the positive attitude of families towards women's football, raising the cultural level in clubs and society to fully support women's football and empowering technical and specialized human resources can help the development of women's professional football

The purpose of this study was to map and implement strategies of development of football coaches with BSC approach.

The research method is descriptive and purposefully applied. Data collection was done by field and mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative). The statistical population of the study included 55 officials and experts in the quantitative section of the Football Federation's training and staff, and 12 in the qualitative section of the football coaches' managers and experts. Due to limitations, the statistical population was equal to the sample. Prior to this study, nine strategies were designed to develop the country's soccer coaches, the strategies were included in the BSC Landscape Design Form, and a small sample of research was provided. According to the majority, the landscapes were determined by the rational induction method and the Governing Council in the qualitative part.

The results showed that the development system of football coaches of the country has four aspects of growth and learning, internal processes, productivity, professionalization, 21 strategic goals, 36 measures and 54 actions and initiatives.

This map facilitates the implementation of strategies for achieving the development of football coaching and is capable of achieving the long-term goals of coaching development.

Teachers are the key factor in improving the performance of students and improving the quality of education is not possible without the development of the teaching profession. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to formulate the professional development framework of physical education teachers with an interpretative structural approach.
research This research is practical in terms of purpose and the data was collected in the field and in a mixed way (qualitative and quantitative). The qualitative sample included 19 experts who were selected in a targeted non-random way. The statistical population in the quantitative section was the managers and experts of physical education, who were first selected by stratified random and then non-randomly and available to 384 people. The research tool, a researcher-made questionnaire, included factors affecting the professional development of physical education teachers, whose content validity was confirmed by 10 sports management professors, and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test in addition to recoding by two coders (α= 0.89). In order to determine the action priorities in the professional development of teachers, the interpretive structural model was used.
The findings indicated that 37 indicators in the form of 12 components have an effect on the professional development of physical education teachers and the components were structured in seven levels. The components of empowerment and macro policymaking were placed in the base of the model, and physical and psychological components and social factors were placed at the first level.
It can be said that empowering teachers and increasing training courses will facilitate the achievement of other factors affecting the professional development of physical education teachers.

Today, the Human Resources Management System (HRM) has drawn organizations’ attention to itself. The purpose of the present research was to redesign the strategic plan of HRM at the Ministry of Sport and Youth.

This research followed a descriptive-analytic method and was practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this study consisted of 65 well-known managers and experts of human resources at the Ministry of Sports and Youth, as well as some university professors who were knowledgeable in the field of sports human resources. Due to the limited statistical population, sampling was done by the total number of subjects. The data was collected both quantitatively and qualitatively through field data collection method . Data collection was done by two open and closed questionnaires and interviews with members of the research community to the extent of theoretical saturation in order to quantify the mission statement, prospects, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the organization. The validity of the closed questionnaire was confirmed by sport management professors and its reliability coefficient was calculated using Cronbach's alpha of 0.86.

After data collation, 14 strengths, 7 weaknesses, 9 opportunities, and 7 threats were finalized. The internal and external factors were used to analyze the information. Finally,  the score of the table of internal factors was calculated as 2.65 and the score of the table of external factors was assessed as 2.74.

Given that the strategic position of the HRM department of the Ministry of Sports and Youth was in an offensive position, the Ministry of Sport and Youth should use internal strengths to exploit external opportunities.

The purpose of this study was to design a strategic map and implement swimming sports strategies in Fars province with a balanced scorecard approach. The research method is descriptive and applied in terms of purpose. Research data were collected in the field and in a mixed manner (quantitative and qualitative). The statistical population in the quantitative part, including the heads of the swimming boards of the province and cities and the managers of the clubs, was equal to 60 people and in the qualitative part, 12 experts. Due to the limitation of members, the statistical population was equal to the sample. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by 10 university professors and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test. (86/0 = α). Frequency percentage, logical induction method and strategic council were used to analyze the data. The results showed that in swimming province of Fars province, there are 4 perspectives of finance and development, customer, internal processes and growth and learning, 35 strategic goals and 38 criteria of determination. And 47 actions and initiatives were developed to achieve the goals. It can be concluded that the proposed model, in addition to implementing the strategy, has the ability to create the ground for achieving the long-term goals of Persian swimming.

The aim of the research was to design an interpretive structural model of human resource empowerment barriers in the Ministry of Sports and Youth. The present study is an applied research that was conducted in the field using a combined research method. The statistical population in the quantitative part, including the general managers of the Ministry of Sports and Youth and the provinces, was equal to 65 people and in the qualitative part was 18 experts. Due to the limitations of members, the statistical population was equal to the sample. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by 7 professors and its reliability was confirmed by using Cronbach's alpha calculation (α = 0.82). Experts' opinions, frequency percentage and interpretive structural technique were used to structure the barriers. The results showed that there are 16 major obstacles in the way of empowering the staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, and these obstacles were placed at eight levels. Obstacles to poor participation of operational units, lack of clear rules on empowerment and lack of attention to promotion and empowerment dimensions in the reward and incentive system were at the infrastructure level. Removing barriers at the lowest level of the model should be prioritized in decision and action to facilitate the removal of barriers at higher levels.

The purpose of this study was to map and implement strategies of development of football coaches with BSC approach. The research method is descriptive and purposefully applied. Data collection was done by field and mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative). The statistical population of the study included 55 officials and experts in the quantitative section of the Football Federation's training and staff, and 12 in the qualitative section of the football coaches' managers and experts. Due to limitations, the statistical population was equal to the sample. Prior to this study, nine strategies were designed to develop the country's soccer coaches, the strategies were included in the BSC Landscape Design Form, and a small sample of research was provided. According to the majority, the landscapes were determined by the rational induction method and the Governing Council in the qualitative part. The results showed that the development system of football coaches of the country has four aspects of growth and learning, internal processes, productivity, professionalization, 21 strategic goals, 36 measures and 54 actions and initiatives. This map facilitates the implementation of strategies for achieving the development of football coaching and is capable of achieving the long-term goals of coaching development.

Cognitive warfare is one of the new tactics of the enemy in the struggle and domination over nations. Ayatollah Khamenei has explained the nature of this war to the people and officials many times in his speeches. According to him, positivity is one of the important tools to deal with this war and one of the important characteristics of Islamic civilization. Therefore, this research aims to investigate this issue and the factors of strength and weakness and its effects in the statements of the leader of the revolution, in order to recognize the factors that strengthen positivity and promote them, as well as the reasons for increasing negativity and correcting them, a step towards the realization of the second step of the revolution and The formation of the characteristics of Islamic civilization should be removed. The findings of the research indicate that hope for internal assets and capacities, including human power, material resources, scientific and economic advances, cooperation of people and officials in order to eliminate poverty, corruption and discrimination, along with faith and trust in God, motivation and lack of trust. The foreign media is the source of all progress and resistance against the demagogy of the media. And in order to achieve this point, it is necessary to rewrite documents such as the document on the fundamental transformation of education and the transformation of the national media based on the statement of the second step of the rewriting revolution, the strategies and implementation plans for its realization, and to be monitored and implemented by the relevant institutions.

The purpose of this study was to map and implement strategies of development of football coaches with BSC approach.

The research method is descriptive and purposefully applied. Data collection was done by field and mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative). The statistical population of the study included 55 officials and experts in the quantitative section of the Football Federation's training and staff, and 12 in the qualitative section of the football coaches' managers and experts. Due to limitations, the statistical population was equal to the sample. Prior to this study, nine strategies were designed to develop the country's soccer coaches, the strategies were included in the BSC Landscape Design Form, and a small sample of research was provided. According to the majority, the landscapes were determined by the rational induction method and the Governing Council in the qualitative part.

The results showed that the development system of football coaches of the country has four aspects of growth and learning, internal processes, productivity, professionalization, 21 strategic goals, 36 measures and 54 actions and initiatives.

This map facilitates the implementation of strategies for achieving the development of football coaching and is capable of achieving the long-term goals of coaching development.

Computed tomography (CT) scan is of great help in confirming the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) before the sputum test result. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between pulmonary involvement patterns in CT scans of TB patients with positive sputum smears.

This retrospective descriptive-analytical study was conducted using the records of TB patients admitted to Ghaemshahr Razi Hospital between 2012 and 2018. Demographic information and CT scan reports were collected and compared with the sputum smear results.

The records of 271 patients (185 men and 86 women) with an average age of 49.31±15.08 years were examined. Sputum smears were positive in 191 (70.5 %) patients and negative in 80 (29.5 %). The most prevalent lesions were cavitation (72.7%) and consolidation (42.8%), and the most common locations were the upper lobe of the right lung (61.3%) and the upper lobe of the left lung (53.5%). Cavitary and consolidation lesions were significantly more common in patients with smear positive TB (P<0.001). Cavity observation significantly increased as the positive smear level rose (P<0.001).

Cavitary and consolidation lesions were more prevalent in patients with positive smears, whereas less common lesions were seen more in those with negative smears. Therefore, the pattern of lung lesions shown on the CT scan is linked to the sputum smear result.

The purpose of this study was to design a model for implementing the strategies of the Iranian Football Federation with a balanced scorecard method. The research method is descriptive and applied in terms of purpose. The research data were collected in a field and in a mixed manner (quantitative and qualitative). The statistical population in the quantitative section, including federation officials and football delegations and managers of the country's first level football clubs, was 75 people (and in the qualitative section 12 football experts). The research questionnaire was to determine the perspectives of the strategies. To analyze the data, a small percentage of the frequency and in the qualitative part of the experts' opinions, logical induction method and strategic council meetings were used. The findings showed that in national football, five perspectives There is finance, localization, customer, internal processes, and growth and learning. 33 strategic goals and 36 metrics were determined, and 39 actions and initiatives were developed. Qualitative empowerment of human resources in the perspective of growth and learning will facilitate the realization of perspective strategies of processes and will help the authorities to calculate the indicators and standards of professional football and design and implement the native model of professional football. With the strategic goals, measures and initiatives of the Football Federation in perspective In addition to the implementation of strategy, it is capable of creating the ground for the realization of the long-term goals of the country's football.

The purpose of this study was the interpretive structural model of factors affecting the development of talent identification system in beach soccer in Iran with a structural-interpretive approach. The research method is descriptive and applied in terms of purpose. Research data were collected in the field and in a mixed manner (qualitative and quantitative). The statistical population in the qualitative section was 18 experts and in the quantitative section was 104 prominent managers and coaches of beach soccer in the country. Due to the limited membership, the community became equal to the sample. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire containing 19 factors affecting the establishment of the talent identification system, the validity of which was confirmed by 10 professors of sports management at the university and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test (α = 0.85). Documentary review, expert opinions and Delphi technique were used to identify the factors and interpretive structural modeling method was used to design the model. Findings showed that 19 factors affect beach soccer talent identification and the factor model was obtained at six levels. Factors to increase research and development as well as the quantitative and qualitative development of talented trainers were placed at the infrastructure level. The development of research in talent identification, quantitative increase and improvement of the quality level of beach soccer coaches will facilitate the implementation of the talent identification model and the establishment of talent management in beach soccer in the country.

Fear of God is one of the moral solutions of the Qur'an in order to bring mankind to perfection. The moral teachings of the Quran have different levels of meaning. This research, with the descriptive-analytical method of the words "human fear" in the Quran and by paying attention to the context of the verses and the cohabitation relationships among them, aims to answer the question that “What is the position of this virtue in the moral perfection of humans with different semantic levels?”The results of this research indicate that the fear of God plays an important role in various human levels to reach perfection; because each of them benefits differently from this virtue. God-fearing of the prophets became the basis of their standing against the false people and they deserved to receive the highest level of divine guidance. Believers, by accepting God's guadrianship, should not allow themselves any fear and be afraid of Satan and his army's instilling despair. But in contrast, disbelievers are always worried about what they shouldn't be afraid of, and as a result, they fall into the abyss of false security, which causes them to lose in this world and the hereafter

Beach soccer is one of the emerging sports that has attracted the attention of most countries in the world. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the development of beach soccer in Iran. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to design an interpretive structural model of barriers to the development of beach soccer in Iran. This research is applied in terms of purpose and data collection was done in the field and in a mixed qualitative and quantitative manner. The statistical population in the quantitative part, including the officials of the beach soccer committee of the federation and the football delegations, the managers of the clubs and the coaches of the national beach soccer teams, was equal to 50 in total and in the qualitative part, 18 experts. Due to the limitation of members, the statistical sample was equal to the community. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire containing 16 items which was designed based on a comprehensive study of sources and opinions of the qualitative research sample and using the Delphi method. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 10 university professors and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test (α = 0.88). Barriers were inserted in the form of structural self-interaction and a qualitative sample was provided as a questionnaire. ISM technique was used to level the obstacles and determine the priority of the action. Based on the findings, the obstacles were classified into seven levels. Obstacles to the lack of a development plan and the lack of attention of federation officials and football delegations to the development of beach soccer were at the basic level of the model. In general, it can be said that more attention of the officials of the Football Federation and the delegations on the design and implementation of the strategic plan will facilitate the removal of many intermediate and top obstacles of the model.

Beach soccer is an emerging sport and long-term and comprehensive planning is essential for development. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compile a document on the strategic development of beach soccer in Iran using the SWOT method. The research method was descriptive and in the form of strategic studies. This research was applied in terms of purpose and the information was collected in the field in a mixed qualitative and quantitative method. The statistical population in the quantitative section included prominent beach soccer managers and coaches (75 people) and in the qualitative section, 18 experts. Due to the limited membership, the community became equal to the sample. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by 10 professors of university sports management and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test (83α =). The findings showed that in beach soccer, there are eight strengths, eight weaknesses, neither opportunities nor threats, and using SWOT analysis, 12 strategies were obtained and prioritized. Development and productivity of human resources, creating an integrated system of talent management and designing and establishing a system of evaluation and performance management, should be a priority for officials.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease that was first reported in December 2019 in China and spread rapidly around the world. The aim of this study was to compare clinical and laboratory findings and disease outcome between survived and deceased COVID-19 patients admitted to Qaemshahr Razi Hospital, Iran.

In this retrospective study, demographic, clinical, paraclinical, and treatment information of hospitalized COVID-19 patients were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was performed using SPSS V25.

Among 1013 COVID-19 patients, 145 (14.3%) died. Mortality rate was significantly higher in patients older than 65 years of age (54.5%) (P= 0.0001). Comorbidities was seen in 631 patients (62.4%). Mortality rate was significantly higher in patients with hypertension (P= 0.005), diabetes (P<0.05), congestive heart failure (P< 0.0001), and chronic kidney disease and chronic lung disease (P<0.0001). Most deceased patients had low oxygen saturation (<90%) (25.5%) that required assisted mechanical ventilation (61.4%) and were admitted to Intensive Care Units (66.9%). There were significant differences between survived and deceased COVID-19 patients in leukocytosis (P= 0.001) lymphopenia, (P= 0.003), creatinine level (P< 0.0001), and lactate dehydrogenase > 250 (U/L) (P<0.0001).

COVID-19 pandemic indicates high infectivity of the virus. Currently, there is no definitive treatment against the virus, so, findings associated with COVID-19 mortality could be of great help in early diagnosis of high-risk individuals and applying appropriate therapeutic interventions.

The purpose of this study was to design a training strategy map of Iranian football coaches with BSC and ISM approaches. The research method is descriptive and is fundamentally applicable. Data were collected by field and mixed methods of quantitative and qualitative. The population of the study included the officials and experts of the training departments of the Football Federation and its subordinate departments in the provinces and sports experts, equal to 55 individuals and in the quality section, 12 staff. Due to the limited number of members, the statistical sample was equal to its population. According to the data and opinions of experts in the meeting of the Strategic Council of the Football Federation Training Department, 12 strategic goals were determined, and then BSC and Structural Self-Interaction Scale questionnaires were used. BSC method was used for strategic map design and ISM and MICMAC analysis were used to structure goals. The findings showed how the goals were linked at five levels and four perspectives of growth and learning, internal processes, productivity, and professionalization. The findings also indicated that the goals of development and empowerment of coaching instructors, targeted development of congresses and training courses, and increased research and development at the underlying level of the interpretive structural model were in the perspective of growth and learning. Therefore, the authorities of the football federation system should prioritize the streamlining and realization of the goals of the model rule. It can be acknowledged that this plan will facilitate the implementation of goals to achieve the development of the country’s football coaching career.

The study is to identify,rank the obstacles to the development of beach soccer in Iran. This research is applied in terms of purpose,data collection was done in the field,in a mixed qualitative,quantitative manner. The statistical population in the quantitative part,including the officials of the beach soccer committee of the federation,the football delegations,the managers of the clubs,the prominent coaches of the national beach soccer teams were equal to 50 people,in the qualitative part,12 experts. Due to the limited statistical population,the statistical sample was equal to the population. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire including 29 obstacles to the development of beach soccer in the country. The validity of the researcher-made questionnaire was confirmed by 10 university professors,its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha test (α,0,88). The Delphi method was used to identify obstacles to the development of beach soccer,the Friedman test was used to rank the obstacles in the inferential statistics section.The findings showed that 29 obstacles were identified,prioritized in managerial,executive dimensions,areas,facilities,equipment,financial,economic,attitude, support of officials,and human,environmental,respectively. The officials of the federation should first of all remove the obstacles in the field of management,administration,then remove the obstacles of facilities,equipment in their agenda.

The purpose of the present research was to design the strategic plan of HRM in the Ministry of Sport and Youth. The research method was descriptive-analytic based on the process of strategic studies. The statistical population of this study consisted of 65 people who were members of well-known managers and experts on human resources in the Ministry of Sports and Youth and some knowledgeable academic staff about human resources in sport. Due to the limited statistical population, sampling was done by the total number of subjects. The method of collecting information was a field that was carried out in a quantitative and qualitative manner. Data collection was done by two open and closed questionnaires and interviews with members of the research community to the extent of theoretical saturation in order to quantify the mission statement, prospects, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the organization. Validity of closed questionnaire was confirmed by sport management professors and its reliability coefficient was calculated using Cronbach's alpha 0.86. A total of 52 strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats were identified. After the plan, 37 supervisory boards, 14 strengths, 7 weaknesses, 9 opportunities and 7 threats were finalized. The internal and external factors were used to analyze the information. Finally, the score of the internal factors of 2.89 and the score of the external factors table was 2.79 calculated. The strategic position of HRM in the Ministry of Sports and Youth was also in an offensive situation (SO). Therefore, the Ministry of Sport should take steps to develop programs and activities in the human resources basin in order to further expand sport in the community.

Social media marketing, including the use of Facebook , is becoming a prevalent part of the ýpromotional marketing mix by recreation and sport organizations.While use of Facebook as a ýmarketing tool is common , empirical evidence of itsuse is lacking. This study examined the ýeffectiveness of social media marketing on college students in a campus recreation setting. ýSpecifically, the effectiveness of Facebook status messages were assessed via a 2 × 2 repeated ýfactorial within withinsubjects design to determine their influence on awareness of, interest in, and ýintention to participate in a campus recreation special event. Participants were assigned to experimental (n = 27) or control (n = 25) groups . ANCOVAs revealed significant ýdifferences in awareness based on the treatment, but not in interest orintention. Findings suggest that ýsocial media marketing was effective in increasing awareness , and the study served as an empirical ýfoundation for future research .