سهیلا برزگر

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training with standard scientific principles and skill acquisition are among the most important issues for training people. Therefore, the current research was conducted to compare the effectiveness of basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation training using "educational film" and "structured group using video self-evaluation" methods on the knowledge and skills of workers of the construction trade union.

 This research was conducted as a randomized and controlled clinical trial. 72 workers were selected by the available sampling method in 2023 and randomly assigned to the research groups. Participants in the experimental group received structured group training with video self-assessment, and participants in the control group received regular training and video training. In this research, we used a basic life support (BLS) knowledge questionnaire and a BLS skill checklist. SPSS-22 statistical software was used to analyze the data.

Based on the results of the paired t-test, there was a significant difference between the research groups in terms of BLS knowledge in the post-test stage compared to the pre-test stage (P<0.05). In addition, the independent t-test results showed a significant difference between the research groups in terms of BLS knowledge and BLS skills in the post-test stage (P≤0.005).

Therefore, based on the research results, it is suggested to use the structured group method with video self-assessment to train people as the first line of response to the treatment of cardiorespiratory arrest.

 Integrons play an essential role in disseminating drug resistance genes among bacteria. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of integrons, and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) genes in Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates collected from patients with urinary tract infection (UTI) referred to teaching hospitals in Ardabil, Iran.

 In this descriptive, cross-sectional study (2017-2018), 163 isolates of E.coli were collected from patients with UTI. The drug susceptibility pattern of these isolates to 12 common antibiotics was investigated using the disk diffusion method based on CLSI guidelines. The prevalence of class 1, 2 ,3 integrons and ESBL genes was verified by the PCR method. Finally, the genetic variation of isolates was analyzed using the ERIC-PCR method.

 Of 163 isolates, 138 (84.7%) isolates were multidrug-resistance (MDR) strains. The lowest and highest antibiotic resistance was reported to nitrofurantoin and ampicillin, with a resistance rate of 1.2% and 89.6%, respectively. The incidence of class 1 and 2 integrons was obtained in 39.9% and 14.1% of the isolates, respectively. Class 3 integron was not found in any of the isolates. Based on the ERIC-PCR fingerprinting method, 4 ERIC types were detected.

 Our study showed that E. coli isolates taken from patients mainly were MDR strain and resistant to many of the common antibiotics used to treat urinary tract infections. Using the correct dose of medication and multidrug therapy would be effective in reducing the incidence of antibiotic resistance.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of stock market demand side shock on a selection of macroeconomic variables with the approach of stochastic dynamic equilibrium (DSGE) models. For this purpose, data from the period 1368-98 with seasonal frequency and Bayesian method have been used to estimate the model parameters, in which the initial values ​​for the parameters are determined as the previous distribution and these initial values ​​are combined with the results of maximum likelihood estimation based on real data. It becomes. If the initial information in the previous distribution is complete and accurate and the maximum likelihood estimate cannot help the model estimate, the Bayesian method becomes a calibration. But if the previous distribution information was completely incorrect and inaccurate, the Bayesian method becomes the maximum likelihood method. In the intermediate state, Bayesian method is a combination of two methods of calibration and maximum likelihood. In general, capital market shocks can affect macroeconomic variables in two ways. The first route is household consumption expenditures and the second route is corporate investment expenditures. Therefore, the direct effects of stock price fluctuations on total expenditures have made the stock market known as a leading indicator in the economy and therefore have been considered in experimental studies. In this study, the shock from the capital market area is considered based on the market demand segment, in which the tendency of households to keep their assets in the form of stocks increases. The results show that private investment, production, inflation and consumption expenditures increase and interest rates decrease with the shock of a measure deviation from the demand side of the stock market.