فهرست مطالب سید جلیل موسوی

The COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns about the possibility of reinfection, which could undermine global efforts to control the spread of the virus. Various factors are effective in the occurrence of re-infection of Covid-19 and studies have published different results in this regard. Therefore, the present study has been conducted in this direction and to compare the outcome of patients with re-infection & primary infection of COVID-19 and influencing factors.

The present study was conducted as a retrospective cohort. All the patients from the beginning of the epidemic until the End of June 2021, who were registered in the system of registering cases of COVID-19 in this province, were extracted. And finally, 18,401 patients with primary and recurrent infections were included in the study.

The results showed that women were more likely to get re-infection. It was also found that the age groups of 18-59 years and 0-4 years had the highest percentage of infections in patients with primary and reinfections, respectively. On the other hand, there is a significant relationship between people with primary infection and re-infection in terms of having a history of heart disease, kidney disease, and high blood pressure.

The results of this study showed that there is a statistically significant difference between the two groups of patients with primary infection and reinfection in terms of demographic variables, some risk factors, and clinical symptoms.

Home has always been the most fundamental factor of the spatiality, residence, and dwelling of humankind. The phenomenology of “home” addresses the understanding of home and its related concepts and emphasizes the life-giving aspect of living at home. Beyond its formal and functional appearance, a home entails a variety of multi-dimensional qualities that cannot be grasped merely by scientific methods based on observation, measurement, and comparison. This study seeks to find the components of the phenomenology of living in Iranian houses. The main objective is to explain the role of the qualitative components of space in the phenomenological aspect of life along with space syntax based on human movement and behavior at home.

This research falls within the category of interpretative phenomenological research. The description and analysis of data in the strategic field of logical reasoning were performed through both qualitative and quantitative methods as well as space syntax. The techniques used in the data collection phase include reading textual and visual data, visiting the houses under investigation, and interviewing the residents regarding their lived experiences. Several historical and contemporary houses in Hamedan were selected through purposive sampling.

The results indicate that home, which is a suitable structure for the manifestation of phenomenological aspects of life, can be associated with features such as privacy, symbolization of self and the world, centrality, interior-exterior space, coherence, security and peace, comfort, love and emotions, holiness and eternity, intimacy, customization, and human identity. These features can in turn be associated with space syntax components, including interconnection, centrality, discrimination index, depth, legibility index, and entropy.

Understanding the meaning of the structure of living and dwelling can be examined within a gestalt system. The qualitative meaning-making criteria of a house are interwoven with the residents and inseparable from them. This union and integration arise from a spatial configuration that was examined using space syntax. The findings of this study can be used by researchers and designers to design residential spaces with the help of phenomenological conceptions of life as well as space syntax and to examine the various aspects of biological space and its relation to human acts along with its effect on spatial configuration.

Place and the sense of attachment to a place are among the topics that are considered in this study in which people are shown to have internal relationship with the environment. In fact, the feeling of belonging and attachment to a place play a decisive role in any situation and space, in order to benefit and maintain human presence there. This sense leads to the connection in such a way that man considers himself as a part of the place. The spatial attachment is a relationship of belonging and identity to the environment in which one lives. For this reason, the purpose of this study is to achieve the effective factors in the formation of a sense of attachment, by recognizing the characteristics of the place. This research is qualitative in nature and is conducted with an existential phenomenological approach in which three types of informal (conversational) and semi-structured interviews and in-depth (structured) interviews are used as data tools. Findings show that two categories of factors can be effective in the sense of attachment of residents to the house: external dialectic and factors that are related to the outside of the house (i.e., the quality of the exterior appearance of the house; neighborhood reputation and security) and internal dialectics factors that are related to inside (i.e. ownership; quality of comfort; physical quality of the house; neighborhood satisfaction and positive emotional relationships). These two categories influence the formation of residents' attachment to house i.e. "human-house interaction" and have been identified as the core of research. In the phenomenological approach, the sense of belonging means the inter-relationship between human and the environment, which includes all indicators.

The effect of architectural components and tourists' perception and interpretation of the conditions, processes and consequences of the destination formation are of great importance. In this research, the destination is traditional accommodations that attract tourists' attention. We conducted this study using a qualitative approach; our aim was to understand the tourists' mental image of Kashan traditional accommodations in online media, and to explain the role of place representation in these media and design a model for it. We collected the research data through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 32 domestic and foreign tourists, experienced tour guides, content production experts and managers of traditional residences, as well as through our field observations. We applied Corbin and Strauss's innovative grounded theory to analyze the data and present the final theory. Based on this method and through open, centralized and selective coding, we draw the research findings and presented in the form of a paradigm model consisting of three dimensions of conditions, strategies and consequences. Our findings include 9 sub-categories, including cyberspace, place-based representation, cultural tourism, geographical base of destination, managerial factors, tourist, place evaluation, online interaction and exchange, and promotion of architectural tourism. The main category of this research is mediated experience of place, which includes sub-categories. We designed a conceptual model to explain the relationships between categories. Recognition of the effective architectural components in the representation of the buildings was rendered by explaining the formation of tourists' mental image of the traditional accommodations of Kashan in online media. The results of this study can help architects and tourism professionals to understand the tourists' perceptions and needs of traditional accommodations in online media.

Understanding the representation components of the historical buildings in cyberspace and their impact on the mental image of the tourists is a significant fact in tourism recognition and management. A part of this subject is the impact of place representation on the destination image of the tourist. In this research, the destination is traditional accommodations that attract tourists' attention. The current research aims to study the effect of historical buildings' representation in cyberspace on tourists' destination image. This research is one of the first studies in architectural tourism that has made traditional accommodations the subject and destination of tourists.

The content analysis method was applied in this qualitative research. Qualitative research approaches are commonly used when there is little current understanding of a complex phenomenon. Content analysis is one of the many methods used in qualitative research. The main advantages of content analysis are that it is content-sensitive, can be applied in highly flexible research designs, and is used to analyze many types of qualitative data. The participants were 18 domestic tourists and seven foreign tourists who found one of Kashan's traditional accommodations in cyberspace for the first time and selected that as their settlement. Data collection was done via semi-structured interviews and continued until reaching saturation.

Four main categories were obtained from data analysis: 1) architectural representation, 2) representation of the semantic attributes, 3) representation of the activities and events, 4) representation method. The results of this study disclosed that place-based representation and highlighting the representation of physical components define different dimensions of human-environment interaction at semantic levels. Place-based representation plays a vital role in how the monument is presented and the audience understands it. The study has revealed that the representation of the physical features of the environment effectively creates a sense of place and the formation of the desired destination image. The concept of place-based representation pays attention to the effects of buildings, humans, and time on each other. It stresses that the human narrative is not far from the architectural narrative.

T The results of this study can contribute to the experts and tourism managers in improving the content production and marketing of the settlements in cyberspace and architects in the representation of the historical buildings to understand better the tourists' mental image from the traditional accommodations via cyberspace. Therefore, the improvement of architectural tourism knowledge will be provided. Paying attention to the dimensions of the concept of place-based representation as one of the most significant concepts and practical issues in promoting environmental perception and environmental psychology will be effective and can be used to understand the environment in cyberspace better. The meanings and concepts that the person decodes after perceiving the place in cyberspace due to the place-oriented representation are among the factors that create levels of sense of place.

The aim of this study was to explain the role of place representation in shaping the mental image of tourists from traditional residences. Representing the architecture of traditional residences in cyberspace as one of the most important sources of effective information in shaping the image of tourist destinations is of great importance. Today, traditional resorts as one of the most important tourist attractions of historic cities, are of interest to tourists. These tourists make extensive use of the visual and verbal information contained in the online media to identify and select their destinations. Using a qualitative approach, in addition to field observations, research data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 32 domestic and foreign tourists, experienced tour guides, content production experts, and managers of traditional accommodations. To analyze the data and present the final theory, the data theory method of Corbin and Strauss Innovative Foundation was used. Based on this method, through open, central and selective coding, research findings were drawn and presented in the form of a paradigm model consisting of three dimensions of conditions, strategies and consequences. The findings include 9 sub-categories, consisting of cyberspace, location-based representation, cultural tourism, geographical context of the destination, managerial factors, tourism, location-based evaluation, online interaction and exchange, and mental image enhancement. The main category of this research is location-based experience, which includes the sub-categories. Providing a conceptual model to explain the relationships between categories shows that the category of location-based representation, as the most important reason for creating experience through space, allows the development of perceptions of the environment, which is classified into three categories: architectural representation, representation of semantic aspects and representation of activities and events. The role of architectural representation was done by explaining how the mental image of tourists is formed from traditional accommodations in cyberspace. The results of this study can help architects to understand the perceptions and knowledge of tourists of traditional accommodations in cyberspace, as well as how historical monuments are represented in the media.

This paper aims to explore the dialectic of the interior space and the exterior space as one of the prominent features of place through the lens of phenomenology, which regards place as the existential basis of mankind in the universe. The spatial structure of place encompasses conceptual, operational and extensional models –cases which contain both the generalities and the details of spatial structure and allow for phenomenological analysis and interpretation of place. In this approach, the phenomenon of place as the spatial and existential basis of mankind has a special significance. Understanding the features and structure of place can help us better perceive its nature and can lead to formation of cognitive foundations in the deep relationship between mankind and the universe. Given the shortcomings of quantitative approaches, architecture is becoming more interested in the phenomenological thinking system. The methodology of this study moves from theory to research and from research to theory in an exploratory manner with a mixed nature and with emphasis on qualitative investigation. Relying on phenomenological approach, which calls for return to the things themselves, this study attempts to revisit the phenomenon of place with a closer look, to explore the nature of dialogue between the inside and the outside as a structural feature and to examine the relationship between mankind, place and universe; it attempts to answer this question: how is it possible to approach the structural nature of a place by means of dialectic understanding of the interior space and the exterior space of that place. For this purpose, first the most important concepts and topics in phenomenology and their relationship with the subject of the inside and the outside are reviewed; then, the concepts of the inside and the outside are analyzed by means of exploring the phenomenon of place and its constituting structures from different perspectives; finally, a conceptual model for understanding the nature and qualities of this relationship in different places will be proposed. Library research is the main data collection tool in this study, majorly revolving around reviewing of the opinions of important theorists in this field for explanation and interpretation of the concepts of the inside and the outside. The result is a conceptual model for the dialogue between the inside and the outside which is formed based on the presence and experience of mankind in place and includes concepts such as philosophy, poetic image, identity and architecture as well as components such as spatial structure, character, boundary, area, path and center. This model can help us expand our conceptual and operational understanding of the relationship between the interior space and the exterior space. When the aim is understanding the roots and philosophical principles of the inside and the outside with a phenomenological approach, concepts such as intentionality (as the nature and main root), presence, absence, ready-to-hand, present-at-hand and proximity, which facilitate understanding of the subject, must be studied at the highest order.

The phenomenological approach, which is based on the existence of mankind, studies the presence of mankind in the universe (Dasein) and its relationship with the surrounding world. It also investigates the existing boundaries –as important components of spatial structures– between mankind and the surrounding environment as well as those between different phenomena. By creating enclosure, boundaries change “space” into “place” and they affect the character and landscape of place by developing spatial order. Creation of place and features such as the inside, the outside, boundary, enclosure, realm and path, have led to formation of different structures and subsequently formation of meaningful places. Boundary is a necessary structure and condition for formation of place. This paper will explore the qualities of the relationship between the inside and the outside in general and the notion of boundary in particular. From Heidegger’s point of view, space turns into place by means of the presence of an “object”. The existence of a place creates an inside which in turn gains meaning in contrast to the outer environment. Without this presence, space is just a meaningless and a logical spectrum. However, manifestation of a presence or an object immediately turns space into a place. In this sense, a place is part of the expanse of space, which has gained meaning by a specific presence, be it the shade of a tree in a plain or a path which is distinguishable from its surrounding environment due to its different texture. Every person begins to perceive and understand the surrounding environment from their early days of life and gradually develops the manner of this perception and understanding. For humans, the five senses are the means of understanding the surrounding environment and thus the boundary between mankind and the environment, which divides and connects the two at the same time. The phenomenological approach seeks to understand different phenomena and their relationship as well as the relationship between mankind and the world which encompasses these phenomena. It leads humans to revisit their perceptions and feelings in order to gain a qualitative understanding of the world.Conducted with a phenomenological approach and based on first-hand field observations with an existential focus, this research seeks to develop a framework for gaining deep and proper understanding of the spatial nature and qualitative features of place. Therefore, the aim is to investigate the role of boundaries in different places (natural and built) and the role of people’s understanding of the structure of these boundaries in their interventions and efforts for improving the quality of built places. Approaching the subject from the viewpoint of understanding the surrounding world and deriving from phenomenological studies, the author attempts to analyze her place of living as a phenomenon, explain it based on her learnings of this approach and distinguish and identify the existing boundaries in this place. For this purpose, first, the literature of place phenomenology, place structure and understanding of place will be reviewed; then, the structure of the author’s habitat (located in Malayer City, Hamadan Province) –a plain that has facilitated formation of vineyards around the city– will be described and explored based on mentioned approach and phenomenological criteria. Then, the relationship between people and natural/built places and the boundaries in these places will be analyzed. Finally, a possible solution for improving the relationship between the three phenomena of mankind, natural place and built place (in this case dried fruits packaging workshops in the region under study) will be proposed. When environmental interventions are accompanied by proper perception and understanding of the surroundings, place becomes a source of peace and security and it can be much more successful in attracting more individuals. People would feel at home and relaxed and the final outcome would be a place formed from its spatial bedrock that can satisfactorily meet the visual, environmental and psychological needs of its visitors. A person’s proper understanding of the structure of the surrounding environment and its boundaries alongside the accurate perception of various sensory elements such as odors, sounds, etc. can help them grasp and recognize the sense of “being at a place” with clarity. The author’s phenomenological attempt for better understanding the area of study and the needs of its residents has led to formation of ideas and suggestions which can help improve the condition of raisin processing factories and workshops in the area in a manner that the employees can easily work and enjoy the surrounding natural environment and landscapes. Implementations of these suggestions can undoubtedly improve the condition of the workforce and the procedure of work in these manufacturing units. Not only will they be able to avoid defacing the natural landscape, but also they can help improve the environment by means of carefully planned interventions and proper use of environmental potentials for the betterment of the mutual relationship between mankind and natural/built places.

Home is the first space which human kinds are affected by and are experience the sense of belonging during the day. Iranian traditional houses are big houses with yards inside and outside the houses. According to the division of overall structure of houses into inside and outside parts, the principle of hierarchy and spatial continuity from the entrance to the main part of the collection can be seen. Using a central courtyard had been a very old pattern in housing construction and residential spaces had been formed around the courtyard, by utilizing various methods. Yard as the main space in the past houses had formed the structure of the house by their geometric shapes. The result of this attitude had given a special place to the yard in the past; Something that today, because of the quantitative attitude to the issue of housing, the utilitarian approach to the land, the lack of attention to the space quality and meaning, and ignorance of the influence of the environment on the human psyche, is neglected and a little trace of it remains.
In this study, with the aim of expressing the component with common indicators of the yard in the space structure of the Iranian house, and to answer this question that "What are common aspects of yard in the space structure of Iranian historic houses?", spatial structure of a few examples of Iranian house will be studied. Among historic houses of Yazd, Garden house and among historic houses of Kashan, Boroujerdi house, and also Behnam houses and Mashroote house among Tabriz houses are chosen. Then the common components and aspects of these houses, which represent the greatest features of the yard in architecture space of the houses are explained. By considering the study topic, which was conducted as a case study, achieved data and information were analyzed by using the interpreting and comparing method and to analyze the spatial structure of the study samples, the method of "space syntax" and Depthmap and Pajek software were used in this regard. Space syntax is a set of methods and theories that, in order to explain how the interaction of space configuration explains social organization and social behaviors, studies space configuration in architecture and urban scale. This method is explained by Bill Hillier and Julianne Hansen in Bartlett and during three decades with the development of theory on one hand, and the development methods and techniques of space analysis on the other hand, has been changed to the present form. To analyze the spatial structure case studies, internal and external relationships of the elements and their relationship together should be analyzed. Elements that were checked by this method and this software, include sight- sight graph from a point- potential of eyesight- the hierarchy of access and depth of space that will result in access graph. This analysis helps to connection of effective elements in space. The results of the analysis are expressed in the form of the items for yard architecture at contemporary houses.

Apart from functional aspect; architecture can convey the meaning and express its own meanings clearly. Other arts such as painting also can deliver several messages that can be different in various madeia. Many contemporary architects constantly attempts to convey a message of an artwork to architectural media and in this regard, they try to restate the ideas and concepts in a symbolic environment. Without doubt, the meaning of an artwork can be imported with components or other expressive symbols, and thus the litigant meanings of an artwork can be transited to another. In this regard, one of the issues that is missed in architecture area, is the discussion of conveying the meaning from other art media to the architecture. This paper tries to explain how to convey the meaning from Painting to architectural media. It is assumed that conveying the meaning of other art medias to architectural media can help the architects to create the meaning and B) Using metaphor, plays an essential role in conveying the meaning from other art media such as painting to architecture. In this paper, in order to answer the research hypothesis, the way John Hejduk restates the Madame D’Haussonville painting by John Auguste Dominique Ingres and the studio series by Georges Braque in the architecture of the wall house 2 are discussed. The Methodology of this paper is based on descriptive analytic methods and logical reasoning. It also relies on the discussing and analyzing the library information. Finally, this study shows that conveying the meaning from one art media to another can develop ideas from other arts such as painting to architecture and vice versa and be effective in the enhancement of both of these art media.

Patient's dissatisfaction and disregarding their opinions can affect their recovery and desired medical outcomes. The Health System Evolution Program (HSEP), in eight steps, is going to respond the requests from government to vulnerable stratums which are based on steps including: declaration of the basics, measures and health perspectives, analyzing the vital procedures (social, economic, technological, political, and environmental) and their threats, and diagnosing existing advantages and disadvantages. In order to evaluate the rate of in-patient satisfaction during HSEP deployment in affiliated hospitals of UMSU, this study has been done in three steps: lowering the cost rates, promoting the quality of medical and nursing services, and improving the quality of hosting.
The current study is a descriptive-cross sectional targeting assessment in-patient satisfaction during HSEP deployment in affiliated hospitals of UMSU. The numbers of samples were 414 patients which were discharged from hospital 48 hours ago by doctor's order. They were randomly selected and were included in study, according to entrance criteria as well as hospitalization ration of hospitals. Their satisfaction was evaluated by a standard questionnaire with 57 questions and five-part Likert spectrum. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 through descriptive and analytic tests. The p-value less than 0.5 were considered as significant amount.
Satisfaction level of hospitalized patients was: medical services (83.6%), nursing services (85.7%), and hosting services (51.2%). One-way variance analysis showed that the satisfaction levels of patients in Imam, Motahari, Taleqani and Seyyedoshohada Hospitals about medical services were not significantly different (P=0.957). Meanwhile the rate satisfaction about nursing services was significantly different among four above mentioned hospitals (P=0.003). A statistically significant difference of satisfaction level was observed in hosting services among the understudied hospitals (P=0.033). The average satisfaction level about hosting services was lower in Motahari hospital compared to Imam and Seyyedoshohada ones; but no significant difference was observed between Motahari and Taleqani hospitals (P=0.024, P=0.008).
Despite fundamental evolution in medical services delivered to in-patients and increasing personnel income, providing facilities and instruments in state hospitals, there are some affective deficiencies in different working areas. It is necessary to increase the interaction between medical or service personnel and patients through implementing educational and explanatory programs. In hosting area regarding the dissatisfaction of patients, more efforts and management planning are necessary to enhance physical status quality and create facilities for patients and their companions.

This research is determined to investigate the boundary of man-made and natural places. It also is about find out the issue of man and his world. Being attentive to the significant role of boundary in place, at first it is paid attention to the recognition of this phenomenon. Then investigate it in different places, following studying about the quality of places in where this phenomenon exist. The research design is through library study and according to accessible study done by the prior prominent of phenomenological attitude, this research is done in term of boundary through which man could arrive to a relative recognition of his place and his world around. and become more successful in environmental situation by which can make places that identical sense are preserved there in order to be better to the control of his world. This way can prevent developing non identified and senseless places which are the result of the modern architecture in order to construct better qualified and identified ones.

Located in the South of Arabian Peninsula, Yemen has always drawn Muslims attention to itself since the early days of Islam i.e. early years following the delegation of prophecy. Muslims of this region are known for bravery and revolting throughout the history. They have played an important role early history of Islam. Al-Qaeda as one of the main contemporary Salafi-jihadist groups has a base in this area. Having merged into Al-Qaeda in Saudi Arabia, this group has changed its name into Al-Qaeda of Peninsula and extended its domination in the region. The present writing tries to review their activities and approaches in the peninsula. We are going to review issues such as: the process of its formation, their line of thought, important figures and leaders and their operations in the peninsula. A deep research in the books and different websites regarding the issue reveals that the Al-Qaeda of Peninsula is one of the main Salafi- Jihadist groups in the Middle East which has been able to gain recognition through a detailed planning. By publishing the magazine of Almalahem (Epics) both in Arabic and English, they have exported their ideology and activities beyond borders especially to Europe and U.S. By a close look at the Al-Qaeda’s activities in the peninsula, we realize that this organization tries to represent his ideology, which is to oppose America and other similar governments, by referring to Unbelievers as a distant enemy next to the Muslim governments as close enemies.

Toxoplasma gondii is an important zoonotic disease. Infection with toxoplasma especially asymptomatic infection in pregnant women leads to congenital toxoplasmosis, making abortion, congenital abnormalities in the fetus, and severe damages in individuals with immunodeficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate seroepidemiology and the risk factors of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Urmia city.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 346 pregnant women that referred to four health centers in Urmia. The serums of patients were examined for IgG and IgM antibodies against toxoplasma gondii by ELISA technique. Then personal and toxoplasma infection risk related data were obtained by questionnaire interviews and then the data were analyzed with SPSS20.

The seroprevalence of anti toxoplasma antibody IgG was 28.32% and IgM was 1.44%. There was a significant correlation between residence (p<0.001), wearing gloves when carrying waste bags, and chopping meat (p<0.001). No significant relations were observed between educational level, consumption of meat, vegetable, unhealthy water, occupation and consumption of raw eggs.

This study showed that 248 (71.68%) pregnant women did not have history of infection with toxoplasma and were susceptible to be at high risk for toxoplasmosis during pregnancy. Based on the results obtained, it is critical to establish a program of health surveillance for toxoplasmosis in order to contribute in diagnosis and early treatment during the prenatal period.

This study was carried out to determine the effects of aqueous extracts of (cardaria draba L.) organs (root, stem, leaf and their mixture) on germination of sorghum. The experiment was laid out as a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement and in four replications in research lab of agricultural college at Birjand University in 2010. The treatments included aqueous extracts of root, stem, leaf and their mixture at concentration of zero (check), 10, 20, 40 and 80 percent. According to the results, extracts of different tissuess on germination and root length could be 5% on level, and the germination rate and number of lateral roots was significantly different at 1% percent. The effect of white top extract concentration on all measured traits were significant at 1%. Infact, different organs and concentrations of white top affects considerably prevential on germination of sorghum seeds. Similar results were observed in concentration of 80% by volume, So that the largest percentage of decline in sorghum seed germination (22.5%) were related to the recent treatment.

Allelopathy is the main factor of weed interference on growth and development of crops. In order to study of allopathic effect of hoery cress organs extrate on germination and seedling growth of Triticale، two separate factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replication were conducted under laboratory and green house conditions. Treatment were included of extract organs of hoary cress root، stem، leaves and equal amount of their mixture at concentration، 10، 20، 40 and 80 % with control (distilled water) Result showed that different organs extrate at performed concentrations in both laboratory and green house conditions had significant effects on germination and early seedling growth compare with control. In laboratory experiment، the length of plumule and number of seminal roots compare with control were decreased of about 88% and 74%، respectively. The same result was observed. When concentration of different organs increase above index decrease significantly. Also compare different hoery cress aqueous extract showed that stem extrat had more inhibitory effect on germination and seedling growth.