سید محمد سید میرزایی

Tourism, as one of the most extensive service industries in the world, has a special place, therefore, many countries are in close and intense competition, seeking to increase their benefits and income from this industry, and Maragheh city due to its environmental and historical capabilities. Culture, tourism has a high ability in this field, therefore, due to the dependence of the economy of Maragheh on agriculture and the high potential of creating employment in the field of tourism, this industry can be used as an alternative to agriculture in times of drought and its role in dynamic development in this research. To test the proposed hypotheses, by using a statistical sample of 130 people from the statistical community, which consists of 1- all tourism experts and activists of the city, the main owners of tourism-related businesses and tourists who have visited various tourist places in the city and visited more than once. Maragheh who had traveled were selected through simple sampling and were questioned in the form of two different questionnaires and were analyzed using statistical methods (Sperman's r and chi-square test) and the results show the impact of tourism on infrastructure variables. tourism, income and job opportunities related to tourism, also the data obtained from tourism-related organizations confirmed the impact of tourism on the mentioned variables and indicates the increase of the mentioned variables during the last ten years.

Due to its environmental and historical-cultural capabilities, the city of Maragheh has a high potential for tour-ism, which can be provided with proper planning and identification of its tourism advantages and limitations to achieve sustainable tourism development. Due to its dependence on agricultural products, the economy of Maragheh has been seriously damaged during times of frost and has a negative impact on the seasonal and permanent employment of the city. Therefore, investment in tourism can help to solve this shortcoming. Using the classic Delphi method, the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the tourism of Maragheh city were examined using the perspective of the city's tourism elites, who were 30 people in total, and the presence of experts is the basis of this research. The matrix table of priority, importance and consensus indicators shows that the existence of rich historical and ancient monuments in Maragheh city is considered the most important strength in the development of tourism in Maragheh region. Also, the components of inappropriate environmental and physical infrastructure are considered the most important weaknesses. Besides these, the rich history of this city is the best opportunity to attract tourists. According to the strategies proposed regarding the tourism of Maragheh city, more emphasis can be placed on the competitive/aggressive strategy, because the natural location of the city, the development of ecotourism and geotourism, and many historical records in the city prove that more attention can be paid to this strategy. However, this natural situation or the existing potentials in the sports infrastructure in order to hold sports competitions can also take into account the diversity strategy. Finally, one of the main solutions for the development of tourism is the development of infrastructure in all dimensions in the city. It is Maragheh.

This study was conducted to "analyze the factors affecting the optimal employment of women in rural handicrafts in the field of agriculture in West Azerbaijan province." In this research, survey method and researcher-made questionnaire techniques were used and also SPSS software was used for data analysis, and frequency, mean, and percentage calculations were used in descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation method was used in inferential statistics. The statistical population in this study is 21875 women working in the field of agriculture in the province located between the ages of 15 to 65 years that using Cochran's formula, a sample of 370 people from 30 selected villages in 6 cities of the province was selected using cluster sampling method. In theoretical foundations, a research model was developed by combining sociological and economic theories (neoclassics and labor market division and gender theories). According to this model, the factors affecting the optimal employment of women in the handicrafts sector of agriculture in West Azerbaijan province are: Individual (psychological), cultural and organizational factors, that finally, after analyzing the data, all research hypotheses were accepted at a significance level of 99 percent. Therefore, by confirming the hypotheses and the research model, the factors affecting the optimal employment of women in the field of handicrafts in the field of agriculture in the study area are: Individual, cultural and organizational factors that these factors will lead to optimal employment of women in the field of handicrafts in the field of agriculture and ultimately sustainable rural development.

. The Social Security Organization, the largest provider of social insurance in the country, is constantly interacting with the internal and external environment. This on it provide social security to the preparation and implementation of a long-term and optimal plan. Accordingly, the present study seeks to develop a new perspective based on environmental changes and with a futuristic viewpoint. The present study was applied based on the quantitative and qualitative data type and based on the research purpose. The descriptive-analytical method was used for doing research. The statistical population of the study is the managers, experts and clients of the Social Security Organization, which will be used to determine the sample size from the Morgan table, and according to the number of target community that is the organization's experts, of which 13 are. In the dimension of employees of a community organization, 60 employees were randomly selected, and in the customers' perspective, 300 of them were selected as the statistical population. To analyze the research findings, the Delphi method, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory, and David's SWOT method have been used to determine the strategy. The statistical tools of the mentioned methods are SPSS STATISTICS 21.0 software. The results of this study provide a new perspective for the social security organization by considering the structural components of the organization, communication with the client, the quality of life of the organization's employees and paying special attention to the changing future of the organization.

The Social Security Administration, as the largest provider of social security in the country, is constantly interacting with the internal and external environment. Therefore, understanding this process leads to a kind of programming based on a realistic view of the dimensions of organizational performance. The purpose of the present study is to provide a structural model of organizational performance dimensions based on environmental changes and opportunities, threats and weaknesses in the organization. This research is based on data type, quantitative and purpose, applied research and method, descriptive correlation and specifically structural equation model. The statistical population of the present study are experts of the Social Security Organization with 13 people and the employees were selected according to the 9 variables observed in the model. Allocation of coefficient 30 with more than 300 estimates in a simple random method was done with equal chance. SPSS software analysis methods and statistical tools have been used to analyze the research data. The results show that the paths of opportunities, strengths, weaknesses and threats have a significant and direct effect on organizational performance and also the values obtained from the coefficient of determination indicate a significant level of effect, which has the greatest effect on strengths and the least effect.

The Social Security Organization, as the largest provider of social insurance in the country, is constantly dealing with the internal and external environment. This leads to the provision of social security and the implementation of a long-term and optimal plan. The purpose of this study is to investigate a new sociological study of environmental changes with a future perspective. The present research is based on quantitative-qualitative type, descriptive-analytical method and applied research. The statistical population is managers, experts and clients of the Social Security Organization, which uses the Morgan table to determine the sample size. According to the number of target population, the organization's experts are 13 people, 60 people and the number of clients are 300 people. Delphi method, exploratory and analytical factor procedure are used to analyze the data and David SWOT method is used to determine the way. The statistical tool of the mentioned methods is SPSS software. The results show that in order to provide a new perspective on social security, it is necessary to consider the structural components of the organization in two dimensions outside the organization, which correctly defines its vision in two criteria and the document guide, and in the internal dimension it must address the appropriate payment indicators, safe working conditions, opportunities for growth, individual rights and social responsibility.

Emerging cohabitation or cohabitation is a way of life without marriage and formal marriage, and in recent years in Iran and scattered research has been done about it. The aim of this study was to investigate the semantic approach of young people towards companionship and  is done with a qualitative method of thematic analysis. Data collection tools are semi-structured interviews with individuals and focus groups. The analysis of textual data was performed by the technique of coding qualitative methods and the validity of the research was examined in accordance with the agreement of the coders and based on the Berlakat research procedure. The two main approaches, positive and negative, are the result of this analysis, both of which are based on a kind of Weberian rationality. In other words, people with a negative approach to this phenomenon due to religious, cultural, legal, normative and ultimately irrational contradictions, based on value-oriented rationality, choose the rejection and action of values. The second group, however, considers it a rational choice for reasons such as role-playing and avoiding the problems of marriage and possibly the bitter experience of divorce. It is the culmination of a formal and gender-oriented rationality. But the strategy of this intelligent group and action depends on the cultural reproduction of the phenomenon and its culture in society.

Social Security Organization is the key sector to solve economic and social crises. In many countries such as Iran, During Corona virus period the organization is in front line to fight the disease and reduce economic and social casualties. The aim of the research is to review effect of Corona virus outbreak on Vision of social provision organization and the changes resulting in the country and to review performance and measures of the organization to fight and create substantial and fundamental changes in services for those insured. The methodology is based on documentary method and quick assessment which is based on theoretical basis. Finding review and results of the quick studies were achieved after virus outbreak in the country and data and management statistics of the provision. The findings indicate the crisis and quarantine condition has had positive and negative consequences on decisions of the organization and it was able to turn this threat to the best opportunity and performance of 3070 plans

One of the important and influential contexts on quality of life is gender. The aim of this study was to compare the quality of life of elderly men and women.

This study is a descriptive-analytical research which is based in cross-sectional order. The statistical population of this study included all elderly people over 60 years old covered by Amol city health network in the year 2017. 450 participants were selected from among the elderly people in Amol health centers. The data collection instrument was Quality of Life Questionnaire (SF-36). Central and dispersion indices, Friedman rank test and independent t-test were used to analyze the data.

There was a significant difference between most men and women in terms of quality of life in most of the underlying variables. But in two variables, namely lack of family custodial and others (Relief Committee, Welfare, etc.) as source of income, there was no significant difference between elderly men and women. Also in all aspects of quality of life, the difference between men and women was significant.

According to the findings of this study, it can be said that the mean score of quality of life for the elderly men was average but this rate was lower than the average for the elderly women.

In the age of central knowledge, the most valuable asset of leading organizations is work culture; and the most important way to achieve their success is managing and implementing it correctly and efficiently. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate consequences of work weakness culture in the productivity of university staff. Accordingly, the statistical population of the study consists of employees of Sabzevar universities. This number is 433 people, out of whom 205 people formed the study based on Morgan table. The research method is descriptive-correlational. In this study, two questionnaires with a 5-point Likert scale have been used. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by sociologists and supervisors and confirmatory factor analysis. The results showed that work culture has a positive and significant relationship with each of the components of employees' productivity. Among the components of work culture, organizational factors, with a correlation coefficient of 0.754, have the strongest and economic factors, with a correlation coefficient of 0.484, have the weakest relationship with work culture, and among the components of employee productivity, dimension participation, with a correlation coefficient of 0.580, was the strongest and organizational commitment dimension, with a correlation coefficient of 0.557, had the weakest relationship with employee productivity. Therefore, in general, work culture has an effective role in staff development and productivity and can increase productivity together with quality in university staff.

The development of a desirable organizational work culture in successful organizations depends on the ability and creativity of individuals to actively participate in the proper management of the work culture. The purpose of this research is to study the sociological study of organizational work culture and its effects on the productivity of administrative staff of public universities in Sabzevar. The research method is based on a scientific approach and survey type and a questionnaire is used to collect information. The statistical sample is calculated based on the Cochran formula and the Morgan table of 205 people. The results indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between the components of work culture with each of the components of employee productivity. Among the components of the work culture, organizational dimension, with the correlation coefficient of 0.754, the strongest and economic demension, with a correlation coefficient of 0.448, had the weakest relation with the work culture. Among the components of employee productivity, the partnership demension, with the highest correlation coefficient of 0.855, and the strongest organizational commitment, with a correlation coefficient of 0.557, had the weakest relationship with employee productivity. Also, based on the beta coefficient of regression, the total demensions of work culture explain 68 percent of the variance in employee productivity.

The aim of this research was to study the effect of social and cultural factors on fertility tendency in married women in Tehran Fertility and its orientation are one of the multifactorial variables that have been addressed in various scientific disciplines. In this research, sociological dimension has been considered.. This study was conducted on 384 married women aged 20 to 44 years old based on one survey data. The information gathering tool is a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using spss software. The dependent variable is a tendency to fertility and independent variables in social sections include social support, individualism, education, and cultural orientation toward religiosity. The results show that there is a relationship between social and cultural variables and the tendency toward fertility. Also, in the results of regression, it was observed that religiosity of 43.5%, education of 24.3% have been able to affect fertility tendency. In path analysis, religiosity variables had the most impact and individualism had the least total effect on fertility tendency.

The Social Security Organization, the largest provider of social insurance in Iran, is constantly interacting with the internal and external environment. The present study seeks for SWOT analysis for The Social Security Organization in order to develop a new vision for the organization. The present study was applied based on the quantitative and qualitative data type and based on the research purpose. The descriptive-analytical method was used for doing research. The statistical population of the study is the managers and experts of the Social Security Organization. Considering that there were 13 people in the Social Security Organization, the sample was selected by census. Of course, the choice was judgmental and based on the expertise and experience of the people. Theme analysis was performed to analyze the research data and SWOT method was used to determine the strategy. The research results provide a new perspective. In this perspective, the Social Security Organization is an innovative, leading, responsive, trustworthy, ethical, confident and up-to-date organization, in two-way interaction with the client to provide fast and easy quality services while respecting the client's human dignity and creating a high quality working life for employees.

Alienation is an important concept in sociological analysis for explaining human behavior in society, and explanatory defective and weak relationship of the individual to himself and to world and she is not able to influence and impress on it as an object in activities of her life. She understands that dominated by another or society. This leads to psychological and personality weaknesses and failures and more importantly disorder in the individual relationships with social institutions. The purpose of this research is to explore and interpret women's awareness of "self- Alienation" and to present a paradigmatic model using the method of grounded theory. purposive sampling method was used for data collection. Finally, 20 married and single women in three levels of upper class-middle class- lower class that due to the importance of social and economic position were selected from 6 neighborhoods of Mashhad. The interviews were in-depth and the data were analyzed during the three coding steps. The results of the study show that: social constraints, gender inequality, Weakness in social, social pressure, self-ignorance, and drowning in public commentary, they are causal condition that exacerbated women's alienation.

Domestic violence is a deliberate behavior and a kind of incorrect projection of inner feelings that anybody in different conditions and situations may commit. Violent behaviors, especially in house, always have victims who prefer silence and tolerating violent conditions for some reasons. This research aims to analyze causes and their consequences among domestic violence victims in Tazehabad and Javanroud after the earthquake of 2019. Research's method is grounded theory and its required data has been achieved via semi-structured interview with 15 contributors who have experienced domestic violence. Contributors were selected purposefully and their number determined by reaching saturation level. 298 concept, 39 subcategory and 14main category, were extracted among 468 raw data. Finally, Pivotal concept of "family incompatibility" were selected as main phenomenon which contains other categories. Results of research showed that the most important causes of domestic violence in contributors is dissatisfaction of comparison, negative relations and pathological aggression. Interferer conditions include violence caused by relative deprivation feeling and male repression. Contributors' strategy was struggle and revenge or seclusion that its consequences was rupture in normal family relations and negative psychological and communicational effects.

The The fetal sex selection is the ability of child sex selection before pregnancy .With the advent of advanced fertility technologies, many parents have become closer to their long-term dream, which is selection of the gender of their off spring. In this research we studied the couples experience who demand for children sex selection before pregnancy. In the present study, we have investigated the sociological explanation of the life of couples living in the pre-pregnancy sex selection process.The aim of this study is to recognize experiences, apperception and imagination of couples who demand this technology and also recognize couple guidelines and strategies when encounter this phenomenon and its consequences by design paradigm model .This study was done in Rooyan institution through quality grounded theory and using targeted sampling and taking part of twenty couple who demand children sex selection. The data gathering was through deep and semi – structured interview. According to Compelling Choice paradigm model, we recognize that the couples who demand for sex selection without medical reasons wants to reach their aim to have child with their desired gender .‏‏

The main aim of this study was to investigate the causes and consequences of domestic violence among the perpetrators of domestic violence in the cities of Tazeh Abad and Javanroud in Kermanshah province, after the 2018 earthquake. The paper also attempted to examine the understanding of the perpetrators of violence from the causes, intervening conditions and contexts of domestic violence, and its consequences. The research method is grounded theory, the required data of which was obtained through semi-structured interviews with 11 perpetrators of domestic violence. Since our methodology is qualitative, we used a purposeful sampling method to select the respondents. By analyzing the gathered data, we extracted 298 concepts, 39 subcategories, and 14 main categories. The findings revealed that authoritarian violence leads to cold relationships in the family, and concealment of disability leads to remorse and personality damage.

Recent developments in the economic situation and characteristics, especially in the rural economy, have led to the discussion of employment, especially women's employment, to one of the most important issues that can be influenced by many factors. In this regard, this study was conducted in order to analyze the factors affecting the optimal employment of women in agriculture in border villages of Sardasht city in West Azerbaijan province in 2019 in which the survey method and questionnaire techniques were developed and SPSS software was used to analyze the data. The statistical population in this study was women working in the field of agriculture in the study area between the ages of 15 to 65 years. Using Cochran's formula, a sample of 370 individuals from 30 selected villages in Sardasht city was selected using cluster sampling method. Based on the theoretical foundations and literature of the research, the factors affecting the optimal employment of women in the field of agriculture in the region are: individual factors (psychological), cultural factors and organizational factors. Data analysis was performed using Spearman correlation and linear regression tests. The results showed that among individual factors, women's age, education, marital status, and the number of children had the greatest impact on women's employment, respectively. Among cultural factors, motivation to achieve social status, cultural beliefs, religious and belief factors and financial motivation are the most important, respectively, and finally among the organizational factors, indicators of administrative and educational structure are important. In total, based on the results of the linear regression test, the three factors studied at the rate of 0.566 are effective on women's employment in agriculture in the border city of Sardasht.

The present study investigates the meaningful factors in the life of the elderly according to the social interpretation approach. The data of this study were obtained through using in-depth interviews with purposeful sampling method and theoretical saturation criterion with 21 Elderly 68 to 81 years old in Tehran 21 district (Tehransar) and the information obtained from the interviews was coded (open and centered) and the concepts and categories were analyzed. Findings using the grounded theory approach consist of 10 categories.  The central theme of this research is divergence that in general is covered all other categories. According to the core category, two of the findings of the study are convergence and divergence as if the most important research achievement is the role of divergence (family and social) in the meaninglessness of life and the role of empathy (family and social) in the meaning of life. Factors such as health or illness, economic status and the fatefulness of the elderly are also factors Which illustrates their approach to life. At the end, the foundational theory presented in the paradigm model of marital maladjustment and divergence with spouse as the most central factor of nonsense in the life of the old men.

Population aging in Gilan is highest in all provinces of the country. That is why, Quality of Life The Elderly Inhabitant in Nursing Homes and Inhabitant in the House in Gilan Province and its affecting factors in this research has been researched. Theoretical framework of research is integrated. the variable of quality of life is examined both objectively and subjective. Dimensions of quality of life such as economic ability, health, mental performance as well as social participation are based on Franz's theory. Social support has also been evaluated based on Line's theory. Method of Research is based on scientific approach and survey. Questionnaire has been used for collecting data. The samples are divided into two groups including elderly people living at the nursing home and the elderly at home. The findings show that social support and its four dimensions in the elderly group living in the home have a significant difference with the elderly living in the nursing home. Mean variables of social support and participation are significantly higher among older people living at home than older people living in the nursing home. Also, basing on the path analysis, it can be said that there is a significant relationship between the variables of social participation and social support with the variable of quality of life of the elderly.

During the recent decades, Iranian family’s life, under the effect of various factors, has differentiated it form past species. The purpose of this study is to investigate the deep perception of life experience about present characteristics and features of family. The procedure in the present study is a kind of social interpretivism. And this study is a qualitative research too. The data are based on Ethnography techniques (open and, unstructured interviews), and they are collected among Marivan inhabitants based on basis of purposive and theoretical sampling and finally they have been analyzed on the basis of Grounded Theory and the results have been presented in terms of paradigmatic pattern. The main purpose of this research is to investigate people perception and interpretation of qualities and characteristics of present family from the participants point of view. The findings include 24 themes, 5 detailed categories (modern factor entrance acceptance, individualism desires, value change and social – economical promotion), two main categories are (modernization phenomenon and renovated family). The core category is “family in transition”. The results of the study show that various characteristics and qualities in appearing in the present life of marivan’s society. Furthermore, based on the perception and changes of people of this society, the family, has gained various and especially separate characteristics under the effect of divergent forces, including modernization factors.

As our recent society is turning to senility, this research tries to analyze meaningful factors on elders' lives according to social interpretation approach. In this research, it is tried to reach a background theory through qualitative method and deep interview. Using systematic sampling and theoretical saturation scale,21 people among 68 to 81-years-old elders in Tehran, district 21 (Tehransar) were interviewed and the information received coded(open and axial)and concepts and categories reached, were analysed. The data using background theory contains 10 categories. Categorizing in this research is family adaptability that generally covered all other categories. Based on nuclear category, two cases out of data, are convergence and disparity and the most important achievement of research is the effect of convergence (family and social) on life's meaningfulness and the effect of disparity on life's meaninglessness. Factors like health or sickness, financial situation and fidelity of elders are considered underlie that shows their approach to life. Finally, basic reached theory presented in the form of paradigm, selective, adaptive and marriage.

Alienation is the product of the modern world, which began to expand as a result of changes in the division of labor, the process of production and the expropriation in the world, which resulted in the fragmentation of the individual's relationship with himself and surrounding world, also destroying the human essence. Accordingly, the women affected by this issue, as a result of inequality and gender discrimination policies, deprivation due to the expropriation, instrumental look and commodification in the media have been strongly affected. The purpose of this research is to explore and interpret the women's experience of "self-alienation and strategies to get rid of It" using the grounded theory method. Purposive sampling was used for data collection and finally, 20 women have been selected for in depth interviews in Mashhad. Data were analyzed through the three coding process. The results of the study show that: obedience of domination, Theatrical character and other causal categories that have been interpreted in the text, have exacerbated the self -alienation for women. These conditions along with the weakening the power of will and authority, have reduced their opportunity to experience, self-knowledge and talents. Therefore, to get rid of this enclosed world, women have offered various strategies, the most important of which is improving the level of awareness and knowledge of women about themselves and the world around them so that they can continue to renew their essence and build their social world with freedom and awareness.

The main purpose of this paper is the conception of lived experienced of social exclusion among Ilamian rural poor people. The method used is qualitative research by grounded theory approach. Each village that has sever poverty index, was selected. Our study is based on information gathered from 35 unstructured interview and focus group in seven district of Ilam. By this 35 unstructured Interview and 7 focus group theoretical saturation was occurred.  "Inequality and social exclusion" was selected as central category. Casual conditions were congregational poverty, lack of proficiency, unemployment, diverse, widowhood, gender discrimination, infertility, and social inequality, lack of social ties, migration, and disability. Some strategies are creation of minority group, conformity, migration, self- impoverishment and social dispute. Some consequences were pessimism, distrust, lack of partnership, apathetic, raise of social deviance, scuff of social ties, depression of agriculture and free – range economy and finally persistence of poverty, inequality and social exclusion.