سید محمد میرسندسی

An important approach in new urban management, especially in metropolises, concerns the organization and management of suburban areas, or informal settlements. They are complex residential areas that bring about major challenge for metropolises in terms of low quality of life. They contain high potentials for all types of harms and social problems, and if neglected, they can threaten the entire identity of a city. This is a descriptive-analytical research following survey method and uses questionnaires for data collection. The statistical population of this study covers residents over 20 in Gulshan neighborhood in district 4, ​​Tehran. The sample size was calculated by stratified random sampling through Cochran’s statistical method including 220 people. Questionnaires were filled out by the experts and the data were analyzed by SPSS software. The results revealed that, except for a few items that are analyzed, urban management affected the increase of indicators of citizens’ relationship to urban managers, the quality of urban services and infrastructures, the quality of transportation, and economic and social satisfaction. The highest percentage of satisfaction related to the quality of drinking water, and the lowest level of satisfaction related to the parking space for private cars.

From the historical perspective looking at the trends and origins of knowledge in the Iranian society, we find that critical thinking has not had a significant position in any of them, and the modes of epistemic communication are such that thinking is not present in them, or if they exist, they are very weak. As a cultural feature published in contemporary Iranian society, these currents of knowledge manifest the reflection of the low level of rationality and critical thinking. Hence, in the relationship between individuals, social and even in the scientific sphere of thought, there is no significant position. On the other hand, scientific advancement entails serious attention to critical  thinking. In this way, if we consider development as a national strategy, we cannot expect a particular change in the quality of contemplative thinking in society and social, political, and cultural relations, because with the advent of the concept of thought,  we are encountering a crisis and the need for development requires serious attention. It is an effort to provide the ground for its growth in society. Therefore, in this paper, suggestions are made to promote it using the method of historical analysis, introducing an anti-reflection background in the Iranian society and expressing its importance for advancement and development.

Ever-increasing attention to role and place of people in contemporary society formation, and attempt for people’s participation in various affairs, more than before,  shows importance of the phenomenon. Firstly, its cause, no doubt, can be followed  in conception of “Social Capital” and increasing importance of enjoyment of it  in confronting to different problems and challenges that is placed in beyond of a  society, and raised institutions from it. Indeed, people’s participation in various  affairs is the way for increasing use of unbounded social power and decreasing the  extent of problems that we are confronting, more or less, in society. Nevertheless,  before that “police”, as a part of institutions that their special function is security  establishment and maintenance, trying to use of the Capital, it is necessary, in the first place, could be capable to provide essential insight for appropriate enjoyment  of this ability within own organization, among its persons and processes and organizational  culture, and also, to prepared essential social grounds for participation.  On the basis, in this essay has been tried, meanwhile reviewing the conception of participation, to be explained social grounds that is necessary for active participation of people in communication with police.  Also, for that essential motives in this change of attitude and behavior of police  officials in the Islamic Republic of Iran, strategically, be provided, at first, the  importance of people’s participation and their constructive role in reducing crime  have been explained.  Methodological approach in this article is based on qualitative method and two  ways for analysis of phenomena, and then strategy. Finally, we have been given  strategies for recognizing the ground of continuous participation, redistribution of police duties and participations in line with police