فهرست مطالب سیدعلی بطحایی

A central theme in the typology of traditional Islam is its treatment of constant and variable elements within the religion. Given that Sharia laws possess intrinsic advantages and disadvantages in various actions, and considering the significant influence of temporal and spatial contexts on these elements, a secondary question arises: What is the scope and boundary of constant and variable rulings in traditional Islam? Can distinct domains be identified for constant and variable elements, and are specific boundaries discernible between them? How much variation can constants accommodate? This research aims to assess the Prophetic hadith, “Muḥammad’s halal is halal forever until the Day of Resurrection,” and its implications by examining the approaches of three traditional groups using a descriptive-analytic method. The study reveals that the traditional conservative group tends to uphold a rigid view of constant elements and a more flexible view of variable elements. In contrast, the traditional teleological group, with its broader perspective on variable elements, supports a more flexible approach to constants and an expansion of variables. These differing perspectives offer new insights into how Islam can proactively address contemporary challenges and modernity.

Translation movement brought about an important change in Islamic culture and civilization during the Abbaside caliphate. One can put the consequences of this movement and different individuals’ reaction towards it under scrutiny. One of the influential figures of this great development is Farabi, disciple of Matta bin Yunus, a translator of Bayt al-Hikma. Farabi chose a middle path in between the two conflicting trends of the proponents of translation (who had accepted the translation based culture and civilization making attempts to interpret all things on the basis of translated texts) and the opponents of translation (who did not accept any one of the sciences brought about by translation). On the one hand, he corrected the translators’ understanding of (Greek texts) through criticizing their translations. On the other hand, he did his best to reconcile between philosophy and religion, giving philosophical analysis of religious doctrines. His endeavors ended up in establishing Islamic philosophy.

Convergence or proximity is one of the strategies to achieve balance and interaction in the Muslim world. Thus, a great many of Sunni and Shiite thinkers have been concerned to bring the Islamic sects together, formulating a variety of procedures. Imam Musa Sadr was one of the most remarkable exponents of proximity so that such a significant orientation was high on his agenda for structural reform in Lebanon and the Muslim world. Imam Musa Sadr, who enjoyed high status among the Muslim scholars, never failed to seize the opportunities in his journey towards a united Muslim world. As to this, he made a concerted effort; and he delivered lectures, held talks with the scholars of the Muslin world, attended the conferences, and gave papers on different subjects associated with the Islamic Ummah, so that he could pave the way for the unity of the Muslim world. His unity-seeking solutions are among the innovative subjects, the consideration of which may open up new horizons for the future. The present article examines the jurisprudential cooperation, jurisprudential unity of social rituals, and practical measures, as some of the ways of dealing with the problem of the unity of the Muslim world.