فهرست مطالب سیدفرشید جعفری پابندی

The present study aims to examine the security arrangements in West Asia and their impact on the security of the Islamic Republic of Iran from the Copenhagen School perspective. The research is based on the hypothesis that "Iran's security approach in West Asia is participation-oriented, prioritizing the linkage of security with development, especially economic, social, and political development." The research method is descriptive-analytical, and Barry Buzan and Ole Wæver's security theory is utilized for the analysis. The results indicated that the Islamic Republic of Iran pursues a policy of de-escalation in the West Asia region. This goal is achieved only through comprehensive cooperation among the West Asian states. In fact, Iran seeks to strengthen its position in the West Asia region through these de-escalation efforts and to reduce the increasing role of extraregional powers in West Asia, ultimately aiming to eliminate them from the region. Contrary to the usual practice in international politics, the Islamic Republic of Iran does not prioritize intergovernmental relations but focuses its attention and priority on the region's nations, especially in West Asia. "Forward defense" and "strategic depth" are components of the Islamic Republic's power, with the strategic depth sometimes being more imperative than national obligations. Therefore, the strategic depth of the Islamic Republic in combating terrorism is not confined to within its borders; rather, it responds to any serious threat against national and regional peace and security through its legal presence, as requested by the governments. Overall, the Islamic Republic of Iran's security strategy and approach neutralize the plans of extraregional powers, suppress terrorists, and ensure its national security.

While identifying the causes of the COVID-19 disease and investigating the roots of the economic crisis from 1929 to 1932, this research attempts to forecast the economic recession resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic according to the 1929 economic recession model. The research methodology is descriptive-analytical, and it is based on the hypothesis that the economic recession caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, following the pattern of the 1929 economic recession, leads to the disruption of public financial balance, a decrease in trade volume, inflation, unemployment, and a reduction in economic growth. The results indicate that with the spread of the coronavirus, economic activity worldwide was severely disrupted, and production decreased. The global economic activities, such as global public financial balance, global unemployment rate, global inflation rate, global trade volume, and global growth rate, were adversely affected by the spread of the coronavirus. The unemployment rate increased globally in 2020 following the coronavirus pandemic. In 2019, global economic growth slowed due to a decline in investment and global trade. With increased uncertainty in trade, coupled with isolationist measures, a significant contraction in international trade occurred, and it is expected that global import volume will decrease by approximately 10% in 2020. Compared to the Great Recession of 1929 and the global crisis of 2008, the coronavirus crisis has created a warning signal in the global economy. It has been defined as a major crisis that the world has not experienced until today. Governments have been forced to inject immediate liquidity into the market to reduce bankruptcies, prevent unemployment, prevent income loss, and prevent other economic disruptions.

Branches of international law closely concern international and non-international armed conflicts. So, these principles are tried to be operationalized in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. From the point of view of international law, the disputed region is recognized as a part of the territory of Azerbaijan, and no country has recognized the self-proclaimed Republic of Armenia there. Nagorno-Karabakh region belongs to Azerbaijan from the perspective of international law and based on the resolutions of the Security Council. This study is conducted to examine the legal aspects of the Nagorno-Karabakh crisis, seeking an answer to its legal implications. According to the results, Azerbaijan's rights to maintain its territorial integrity are undeniable and legitimate. However, the actions of the Republic of Azerbaijan, even in the context of defending its territorial integrity, should not pose a threat to the Armenian people of Karabakh. Referring to the acceptance of the principle of territorial integrity regarding the right of nations to self-determination in international law, any action against this principle is not legitimate, and the right to self-determination is accepted as long as the said principle is not violated.

The analysis and understanding of phenomena and issues in the realm of human sciences have always been done from the perspective of positivist epistemology, which have made the understanding of phenomena and issues ambiguous.  This article focuses on understanding Iran's social issues and phenomena from the post positivist approach and the intellectual perspective of Peter Winch. Understanding each society based on the conventional understanding of that society is the main topic of this research.Therefore, this article seeks to answer the question, through which epistemology and social thinking can one achieve a reliable understanding of the political issues of the Islamic Republic of Iran? The hypothesis of the article is that by applying post-positivist epistemology and especially Peter Winch's opinions, it is possible to gain a more reliable understanding of the political issues of the Islamic Republic of Iran. A combination of content analysis and qualitative research was used to investigate this issue. The present article tries to use the methodological approach of Winch in order to understand the political and cultural issues of Iranian society. Peter Winch’s pinions and thoughts, with valid knowledge of social and human phenomena, have benefited from politics and culture to reach the state of society.

The analysis and understanding of phenomena and issues in the realm of human sciences has always been done from the perspective of positive epistemology, which has made the understanding of phenomena and issues ambiguous. In order to understand Iran's social issues and phenomena, With the assumption that the understanding of any society is possible based on the beliefs of that society, The phenomena of humanities and social sciences have special complexities. This complexity has made the true understanding of the phenomena very difficult. Examining the understanding of the political and cultural issues of the Iranian society has had a special place in Iran from the point of view of experts and thinkers. Applying the method of qualitative content analysis, the present article tries to understand how the methodological approach of Peter Winch can be used to understand the political and cultural issues of Iranian society. Valid in relation to social and human phenomena, politics and culture have made the necessary use to reach the state of society. therefore Winch is the only philosopher who has paid attention and revised social rules from the perspective of validity and has followed the perspective of meta-affirmative epistemology.

This article examines the role of institutions and political parties in nuclear enrichment during Ahmadinejad's presidency, utilizing an analysis based on David Easton's systems theory. Iran's nuclear programs during Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's presidency were influenced by the complex interactions of various institutions and diverse processes. According to systems theory, these programs encountered inputs such as the support of political parties, the enactment of legislation in the Islamic Consultative Assembly (Parliament), and the formulation of security policies by the Supreme National Security Council and the Ministry of Defense. These institutions played a pivotal role in advancing nuclear technologies by providing financial and security resources. Key processes included the research and development of nuclear technologies by the Atomic Energy Organization and the protection of nuclear facilities by the Ministry of Defense, which led to an increase in uranium enrichment capacity and the fulfillment of domestic energy needs. The outputs of these programs contributed to strengthening national security and reducing dependency on foreign resources. Domestic and international feedback, through continuous performance evaluation and responses to global pressures, resulted in policy improvements and the adaptation of processes to new conditions. This feedback not only identified the strengths and weaknesses of the system but also contributed to the continuous improvement of nuclear programs and the enhancement of international interactions. Overall, the analysis of these processes and feedback highlights the importance of continuous interaction and adaptation in the success of nuclear programs.

Cyberspace is an area of culture with a wide range of capabilities that provides a variety of activities. Therefore, in all countries of the world, it is recognized as a sensitive and policy-making realm. In fact, and when the emergence and expansion of information and communication tools, rapid change and difficult conditions are inevitable and natural, the existence of strategic and comprehensive decisions to move regularly and coherently and to deal with daily changes and developments, in any organization or institution or even A country seems necessary. In our country, this issue is very important due to special political, social, security and ... conditions. Therefore, the importance and necessity of the subject requires research in this field. Accordingly, the present study aims to provide a suitable model in cyberspace for an analytical study of the policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research approach is qualitative and the method of doing it is integrated. Thus, in the first step, the method of systematic review or signification of meta-analysis was used as a review of the research background, and then the interview method was followed "semi-structured and sometimes in-depth." The findings showed that the Islamic Republic of Iran, in terms of the position, impact and extent of cyberspace, which has been widely welcomed around the world, has also touched the need for appropriate entry and intervention in this area and appropriate policy, ie monitoring and intervention. Directly on the content and operations of cyberspace.

The United States is an immigration-based country. In fact, unlike countries that have a historical background, this country is based on the migration of Europeans who migrated to this land from their homeland for various political, cultural, social, and economic reasons, and as a result, President Obama's executive action may document millions of immigrants. Not help in the long run to avoid deportation and create permanent life in the United States. Unfortunately, the cost of achieving this correction is very high. DACA was perhaps the most important executive action. A large group of legal experts led by Hiroshi Motomura has played a key role in demonstrating to the government how the legal authority of a program like DACA is to the government. In addition, Senator Marco Rubio unwittingly contributed to the entire effort by signaling to Latin voters that they do not have to bet anything on Obama. Maybe DACA won the election for Obama and created a new interest in the GOP value for Latino voters. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical. The study seeks to provide an appropriate answer to the question, "How do Obama's immigration policies affect US national security?" 9/11 seems to have had a significant impact on US domestic and foreign policy. The study examines the impact of Obama's immigration policies on US national security.

Ever since modernity entered the Islamic world including Iran, the knowledge system of the Islamic world has faced theoretical and conceptual challenges. He considered these intellectual challenges and puzzles in issues such as democracy, secularism, development, freedom, law, women's rights, etc. The central question and purpose of this research is the interaction between tradition and modernity in terms of concept at the macro level, especially in the fundamental components such as interpretation of the text, adaptation of the text and the West, as well as humanism. In this direction, topics such as tradition and metamorphosis in the concept of tradition, how to face tradition, contemporary religion, etc. have been analyzed. This intellectual challenge has encompassed various fields of jurisprudence, political thought and political mysticism. In the political opinions of scholars and jurists as well as religious intellectuals such as Allameh Nayini, Shahid Motahari and thinkers such as Daud Firahi, this conflict between tradition and modernity and how to understand the text has been discussed. In fact, the most important intellectual and jurisprudential challenge of contemporary Iran has been how to reconcile the defining elements of Iranian political life, i.e., tradition and modernity. The conceptual and theoretical challenge of these words has increased a lot compared to the past. Various theories have been presented about the interaction of tradition, text and modernity in modern Iran.

Tradition can be considered the most challenging concept of Iran's contemporary history. In fact, other new concepts and ideas, including modernity and democracy, were understood according to the tradition. For this reason, the political views of contemporary Iranian thinkers, including Seyed Javad Tabatabaie, have been formed around tradition and modernity. The central question and purpose of this research is the meaning and indicators of tradition in Tabatabaie's political thought. By using the explanatory method, it can be said that Tabatabaei, like other Iranian thinkers, before examining modernity, modernity and also drawing his political thought, presented the concept of tradition and its relationship with history, politics, Islamic religion and the life of Iranians. Then he adapted it to modernity. Tabatabaie's attitude towards tradition is a paradoxical one, because he has an inherited attitude towards tradition that should be viewed as a historical identity that has no function in the period of modernity, development and policy making. On the other hand, it synchronizes the Iranian tradition with the authoritarianism, coherence and convergence of Iran, the lack of formation of western democracy in Iran

The non-intervention rule is one of the established principles of international law, particularly the United Nations Charter, Although that has endured Until the early years of the twenty-first century, However given the rapid evolution of human rights in the modern era, it appears that such a principle faces numerous challenges and constraints. Instead of resorting to sovereignty mechanisms of human rights, such changes, in an unprecedented movement and a turning point in the development of human rights, have targeted its fundamental principles and pushed them to the margins by circumventing national sovereignty. In fact, the main question that arises is, within the context of expanding contemporary human rights norms, what normative and structural developments has the non-intervention rule seen, and what challenges have these changes faced? This descriptive-analytical study examined such changes and how they affect the nature and score of the non-intervention rule from a different perspective. The finding showed that transforming sovereignty into responsibility, as well as the establishment of Responsibility to Protect (R2P), purposive sanctions, and military intervention under the guise of fighting terrorism, are examples that not only have theoretical contradictions with the non-intervention rule's absolutism, but have also significantly weakened states' undisputed power in terms of human rights.

Realism and English School from the main schools in international relation history and maintained their place in international relation study. in attendance to role of theories in understanding of international phenomenones, it is necessary to have a complete and precise view about them. So in this article first we have some explain about Realism and English School then four concept "Int. system", "balance of power", "Int. law", "Int. institutions", are choicen because of their significance in Int. relations study. Then the viewpoint and definition of both theory about concepts are analyzing and their accordance are evaluate. In the result of this comparison, compatibility of two schools is evaluated and analyzed. The out comes of this research shows that two schools have a similar point to four concepts. So against of current viewpoint about English School as a viamedia, this school both in goal and basis is more similar to Realism.