فهرست مطالب سیدمحمدعلی شریعت زاده

Considering the increasing use of silver nanoparticles in various products, including industrial and medical products, serious worries have been created regarding the potential dangers of silver nanoparticles. This study was conducted to determine the effect of silver nanoparticles on the kidney tissues of quercetin-treated NMRI rats.

In this experimental study, 24 adult male NMRI rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 6. The groups included the control group, the silver nanoparticles group (500 mg/kg/bw), the quercetin group (50 mg/kg/bw), and the silver nanoparticles (500 mg/kg/bw) + quercetin (50 mg/kg/bw) group. Silver nanoparticles were fed orally on a daily basis for 35 days. Quercetin was injected intraperitoneally on a daily basis for 42 days. At the end of the study, after taking blood from the rats, the dissection, tissue passaging, and Heidenhain’s Azan staining stages were carried out. The total volumes of the kidney, cortex and medulla, renal corpuscle, and glomerulus were evaluated by a stereological method. A qualitative assessment of apoptotic cells was performed using the tunnel method. The amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) in blood serum was specified as an indicator of lipid peroxidation by the Buege and Aust method.

Comparing the body weight and kidneys, and the total kidney, cortex, and medulla volumes showed no statistically significant difference between the silver nanoparticles group and the control group. The silver nanoparticles group showed a significant increase in the total mean renal corpuscle volume, glomerular volume, tuft volume, Bowman’s capsule membrane volume, and the amount of MDA compared to the control group (P<0.05). Also, a statistically significant reduction was observed in the silver nanoparticles group in the total mean volume of Bowman’s capsule and capillary spaces compared to the control group (P<0.05). Quercetin could reduce the detrimental effects of silver nanoparticles on kidney cells as much as the control group; however, apoptosis was not shown in kidney cells in the group treated with quercetin. Assessing the cells in the silver nanoparticles group indicated the creation of apoptosis. The amount of serum MDA in the silver nanoparticles group showed a statistically significant increase compared to other groups (P<0.05).

The results of this study demonstrated that quercetin could reduce the detrimental effects of silver nanoparticles on kidney cells as much as the control group.

Silver nanoparticles are produced in large quantities in the industry and have estrogenic activities and toxic effects on different organs. This study was conducted to determine the effect of silver nanoparticles on the ovarian tissue of NMRI rats treated with alpha lipoic acid.

In this experimental study, 24 female NMRI rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 6. The groups included the control group, oral silver nanoparticles (500 mg/kg of body weight), injected alpha lipoic acid (100 mg/kg of body weight), and silver nanoparticles (500 mg/kg of body weight) plus alpha lipoic acid (100 mg/kg body weight). The treatment was performed for 28 days. After the treatment period, blood sampling was performed from the rats’ hearts to analyze biochemical parameters (malondialdehyde, estrogen, progesterone, and total antioxidant capacity using the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) method). By dissecting the rats, the left ovaries were removed, fixed, molded, and cut, tissue passaging was performed, and the ovaries were stained using the hematoxylin-eosin method. Then, the ovarian tissue was evaluated by different stereological methods.

The total mean ovarian volume, the cortex volume, the medulla volume, and the corpus luteum volume, and the total number of primordial, primary, secondary, and Graafian follicles were significantly reduced in the silver nanoparticles group compared to the control group (P<0.05). The simultaneous administration of alpha lipoic acid and silver nanoparticles compensated for the adverse effects of silver nanoparticles on the above parameters. On the other hand, the mean number of different types of follicles in the rats treated with alpha lipoic acid significantly increased compared to the control group (P<0.05). A statistically significant reduction was observed in the measurement of estrogen and progesterone hormones in the serum of the silver nanoparticles group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Moreover, in assessing the antioxidant capacity of the serum of the group treated simultaneously with silver nanoparticles + alpha lipoic acid, a statistically significant increase was observed compared to the group treated with silver nanoparticles (P<0.05).

Silver nanoparticles can have adverse effects on the structure of the ovary and its components, and alpha lipoic acid can largely compensate for these detrimental effects.

Carvacrol, as antioxidant, is antimicrobial, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects. Research has shown that silver nanoparticles destroy sensitive tissues of the body, including the liver, through disruption of the membrane structure, oxidative stress, binding to protein or DNA, production of active oxygen, and cell death or apoptosis. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of carvacrol on reducing the cytotoxic effects of silver nanoparticles on the liver tissue of NMRI mice.

In this study, 24 adults male NMRI mice with a mean weight of 35±3 gr were randomly divided into 5 groups: control, sham (distilled water), silver nanoparticles (size 40 nm) (500 mg/kg/b.w/day), carvacrol (100 mg/kg/b.w/day) and silver nanoparticles+carvacrol. Then they treated orally (gavage) for 45 days. At end treatment, liver tissue was removed for histopathological studies. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) by FRAP method, levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) by spectrophotometric method, as well as alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) by Elisa kit were measured.

In treatment with silver nanoparticles showed a significant decrease in the mean histopathology parameters and total antioxidant capacity, and a significant increase in sinusoid volume, ALT, and AST enzymes and lipid peroxidation (MDA) compared to the control group. The above parameters in the simultaneous treatment group of silver and carvacrol nanoparticles improved to a large extent close to the level of the control group, which was significant.

Carvacrol as anti-oxidant reduces the toxicity of silver nanoparticles on liver.

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) can affect female fertility because they can cause toxicity in the ovaries. The aim of this study is to see if Spirulina platensis (SP) can protect mouse from Ag NPs-exposed toxicity in its ovary. Twenty-four female Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice were divided into four groups (n = 6 per group): control; Ag NPs (500 mg/kg daily); SP (300 mg/kg daily) and Ag NPs + SP (With the same defined doses). 30 days after oral gavage treatment, biochemical parameters were measured and ovary compartments were estimated stereologically. The Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) values, hormonal concentrations, corpus luteum volume, and the number of healthy follicles were all significantly lower (p<0.05) in the Ag NPs group compared with the control group. in the SP group, malondialdehyde concentration and atretic follicles were significantly lower (p<0.05) compared with the control group. There was no significant difference in the mean total volume of ovary, cortex, medulla, oocyte and its nucleus, and the thickness of the zona pellucida in any group. Although, SP in the Ag NPs + SP group cannot compensate the above parameters to the control level, it considerably improves ovarian damage caused by Ag NPs through reducing oxidative stress.

Given the role of silver nanoparticles on oxidative stress and antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid, this research aimed to study the simultaneous treatment of silver nanoparticles and alpha-lipoic acid in mice testis tissue.

24 adult male mice (NMRI) were used with an average weight of 36±2 in 4 groups (n=6): Control, treatment with silver nanoparticles (500 mg/kg/day), treatment with alpha lipoic acid (100 mg/kg/day), and simultaneous treatment silver nanoparticles+ alpha-lipoic acid divided. After treatment, the serum samples were taken and right testis was removed, fixed, sectioned, and stained according to Hematoxylin and eosin method. The total volume of testis, and its diameter and height of the germinal epithelium, total number spermatids, spermatocytes, sertoli cells with stereological method were estimated. The total antioxidant capacity (FRAP test), levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), and serum testosterone were measured. Data were analyzed with One-way ANOVA and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The total volume of testis, diameter and height of the germinal epithelium, total number spermatids, spermatocytes, sertoli cells significantly decreased in silver nanoparticles group compared to the control group (p<0.001). A significant increase was observed in the level of MDA and a significant decrease was found in total antioxidant capacity and serum testosterone levels in silver nanoparticles group compared to control group (p<0.001). The above parameters were partially compensated in silver nanoparticles+ alpha lipoic acid group compared to silver nanoparticles group.

The alpha-lipoic acid seems to have a protective role in silver nanoparticles induced toxicity in testis tissue. So, alpha lipoic acid may be useful in improving the adverse effects of silver nanoparticles on male reproductive system.

Given the role of silver nanoparticles on oxidative stress and antioxidant royal jelly, this research aimed to study the simultaneous treatment of silver nanoparticles and royal jelly in the NMRI mice testis tissue.

In this experimental study, thirty adult male mice (NMRI) were used with an average weight (36±2) at the 5 groups (n=6): Control, treatment with silver nanoparticles (500 mg/kg/day), treatment with royal jelly (300 mg/kg/day) and simultaneous treatment silver nanoparticles +royal jelly (the offered doses), by orally administration for 35 days. After treatment, the total volume of testis, and its diameter and height of the germinal epithelium, total number spermatids, spermatocytes, Sertoli cells with stereological method were estimated. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) by FRAP method), levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) by spectrophotometric method, and serum testosterone by Elisa kit were measured.

The total volume of testis, diameter and height of the germinal epithelium, total number spermatids, spermatocytes, Sertoli cells significantly decreased in silver nanoparticles group compared to the control group (P<0.001). A significant increase in level of MDA and significant decrease in total antioxidant capacity and serum testosterone levels was found in silver nanoparticles group compared with control group (P<0.001). Above parameters were significantly increased in silver nanoparticles +royal jelly group compared with silver nanoparticles group.

According to the results, royal jelly may be the effective in the protection against the adverse effects of silver nanoparticles and improve the function of male reproductive system.

Today, with the advancements in technology and the use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)in various products, serious concerns have been raised about the use of this substance. This study aimed to determine the effect of Alpha Lipoic Acid(ALA) as a potent antioxidant against the toxicity of AgNPs on kidney tissue of NMRI mice.

In this experimental study, 24 adult male NMRI mice with a mean weight of 36±2 g were randomly allocated into four groups of control, AgNPs (500 mg/kg/day), ALA (100 mg/kg/day), and AgNPs+ALA. Subsequently, they were treated orally for 35 days and sacrificed. The left kidney was taken out, fixed, sectioned, processed, and stained using the hematoxylin-eosin method. Following that, the biochemical and stereological parameters of the kidney, such as the volume calculation of its various components were measured in this study. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 16). Ethics code: P/2/97s3113

In this study, there was a significant increase in the mean volume of the renal corpuscle (P<0.005), glomerulus (P<0.001), Taft (P<0.001), and Bowman capsule membrane (P<0.001); however, a significant decrease was observed in the mean total volume of Bowman capsule space (P<0.001) and proximal tubule lumen volume (P<0.05) in the AgNPs group, compared to the control group. The level of urea and malondialdehyde (P<0.001) was increased in the AgNPs group, compared to the control group. In addition, total antioxidant capacity (P<0.001) showed a significant decrease. Discussions &

The ALA has a protective role in ameliorating kidney damage caused by silver nanoparticles.

Bisphenol A (BPA) disturbs male reproductive system performance via the production of free radicals. Green tea extract (GTE) is known as a potent antioxidant.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of co-treatment of BPA and GTE as an antioxidant on male reproductive system performance.

Adult male rats were divided into 4 groups: control, Bisphenol A (20 µg/kg/day), GTE (100 mg/kg/day) and Bisphenol A + GTE, treated for 8 weeks. The body weight and left testis weight were recorded. Left caudal epididymis was separated and kept in Ham's F10. Released sperms were used for analyzing the number, motility, viability and abnormalities of the sperm. The quality of sperm chromatin was assessed by nuclear staining acridine orange and aniline blue. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey‘s test. The means were considered significant at P < 0.05.

A significant reduction in the number, motility and viability of sperm were seen in BPA group compared to the control group (P < 0.001). BPA didn’t have any effect on sperm DNA integrity and histon-protamine replacement (P > 0.05). Also a considerable increase in sperm viability and motility was seen in the GTE group compared to the control.

The results of this investigation showed that GTE could compensate the adverse effects of BPA on sperm parameters in adult rats.

Aim: the effect of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) as an efficient antioxidant on ovarian follicles following treatment with Silver Nanoparticles (SNP) in adult mice.
Material and Twenty-four adult NMRI mice, weighing 27-30g were used in the present experiment. The animals were kept under optimum conditions of temperature (At 21± 2 ° C and ambient lighting conditions 12 hours of darkness and 12 hours of light) humidity and maintained on standard pellet diet with adequate water. They were divided into four groups of (six mice per group): control; Silver Nanoparticles (300 mg/kg/day, orally), Nigella sativa oil (5 ml/kg/day, orally) and finally Silver Nanoparticles plus Nigella sativa oil. After 30 days, the mice were sacrificed and the ovary tissues were separated. The results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test, and the means were significantly different at P The results of this study showed that, the mean total volume of ovary and the number of primordial, primary, secondary and graph follicles significantly decreased in the Silver Nanoparticles group compared with the control group (p So it is not far-fetched that this oil has improved the factors in our study.

In Asthenoteratozoospermicý men, low motility, defected DNA and highly oxidative stress in ýsperm ýýcause ýpoorý assisted reproductive techniques (ART) outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Vitamin E (Vit E), as a potent antioxidant, on sperm motility, viability and DNA integrity at different times of in vitro incubation (after 2, 4 and 6-h) to improve asthenoteratozoospermic semen samples for ART.
Asthenoteratozoospermic semen samples of 50 volunteers were collected and examined. Each sample was divided into two groups of control and vitamin E (2mM) and kept in the 37 °C and 6 % CO2 for 2, 4 and 6 hours. After this incubation, sperm motility, viability and sperm DNA fragmentation (SCD) were evaluated in each group. Data were analyzed using repeated measurement of ANOVA and T-test. The means were considered significantly different at pSignificant decrease in total and progressive motility and viability as well as significant increase in sperm DNA damage (after 6h of incubation) were found in control group vs. the control group before incubation (p In vitro supplementation of vitamin E in asthenoteratozoospermia semen samples may protect spermatozoa from maltreatment effect of ROS during sperm sampling via keeping enzymatic and antioxidant process in optimum condition.

Today, with the increasing use of silver nanoparticles in consumer products and medical products, including serious concerns have been expressed about the potential risks of nano-silver particles, the goal of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) as a potent antioxidant on changes histological kidney tissue and blood biochemical parameters in rats treated with high dose of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), respectively. 24 adult male rats (NMRI) with an average weight of 25 to 30 g were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 6 rats including the control group, AgNPs (mg / kg / day500), NSO (ml / kg / day 5) and AgNPs NSO split and both were treated orally for 35 days. At the end of the treatment period, mice, anatomy, left kidney removed, fix, molding, cutting and tissue processing was carried out using -Zan Han Hayden were stained. Renal tissue was evaluated parameters stereologically. Serum samples were analyzed. ANOVA and Tukey test to evaluate the study data. The differences in the extent (05/0 P

Arsenic (As) compounds are environmental toxicants which are among human carcinogens. Sodium arsenite exposure leads to its accumulation in the liver resulting in liver disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of curcumin, as an antioxidant, on the liver tissue in the mice exposed to sodium arsenite.
Material and Thirty NMRI mice with mean body weight of 31±2 g. were randomly divided into 5 groups: control, scheme (receiving DMSO),curcumin (15mg/kg/day), sodium arsenite (5mg/kg/day) and sodium arsenite狪�梧 groups. Every group consisted of 6 mice. The exposure was by intraperitoneal injections and carried out for 5 weeks. Then the mice were killed and the liver tissue was removed and weighed. Histopathological and stereological analyses were performed and the incidence of hepatocyte cells apoptosis (by the TUNEL method) was determined. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA, and the differences among mean values were considered significant at P A significant increase in the mean relative weight of liver, total volume of sinusoids, bile ductules (p Treatment with curcumin reduced liver damage induced by sodium arsenite.

Consumer’s behavior, as an important aspect of lifestyle, explains the details and general ways of allocating incomes, using resources, eating and clothing, as well as numerous other issues. Closer look at consumers’ behavior indicate how their behavior is based on their insights and intentions. Investigating the splendid book of Nahjolbalaghah, this research is intended to propose a model for insights, intentions, and deeds concerning consumers’ behavior. This is an explorative research following theme analysis. Additionally, it is a process of analyzing diverse and dispersed contextual data to change it to rich, detailed, andintegrated data.The results indicated that about 820 codes and statements inNahjolbalaghahare relevant to this subject. They embrace three broad themes including insight, intention, and deeds, as well as 21 organizing themes. Insight consists of theology, cosmology, anthropology, study of religion, and knowing Satan. Intentionincludes orientation toward God, Hereafter, life, humanity, justice, religious legitimacy (Halal), paying attention to other creatures, quality, and pattern. The theme of deeds contain logical and proper consumption, no waste of the blessings, spending on others,considering priorities in consumption, appropriate consumption with regard toconditions of the time and society, consuming religiously legitimate things, and consuming things with regard to their source.

Sodium Arsenite is an environmental pollutant which can generate free radicals causing tissue damage. This study was done to evaluate the effect of Green Tea (GTE), as a strong antioxidant, on kidney tissue in mice treated with Sodium Arsenite.
In this experimental study 24 adult male NMRI mice were randomly allocated into four groups including: control, GTE (100mg/kg/day), Sodium Arsenite (5mg/kg/day) and Sodium Arsenite GTE, for 34 days, orally. Animals were scarified and left kidney was taken out, fixed, sectioned, processed and stained using Heidenhainazan method. Using stereological technique the total volume of kidney, volume of cortex, medulla, proximal and distal tubule, renal corpuscle, gelomerelus, tuft and capillary, membrane and space of Bowman's capsule and length of proximal and distal tubule were determined. Creatinine, BUN and MDA serum samples were measured.
The mean of total volume of cortex, proximal tubule, distal tubule, renal corpuscle and gelomerolus, taft, Bowman's capsule space, size of epithelium and lumen of proximal and distal tubule were significantly reduced in Sodium Arsenite group compared to control (P Green tea has a protective role in Sodium Arsenite induced nephrotoxicity.

The aim of This study investigated the effects of cytotoxic plants sage (Salvia officinalis) on 4T1 cell line derived from mammary tumors in BALB / c mice is discussed. 4T1 cell line was prepared from Pastur Institue of Iran, after transferring to the University of Arak, Fused cells were frozen in dry ice, Then were cultured in medium RPMI1640, FBS10%, Were then placed in a CO2 incubator. Dried leaves of Sage were extracted using digestion method with the help of methanol and filtrated by filter paper. One part of extract was kept away, and to separate the non polar compounds, the rest of the extract was washed with non polar solvents (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate). Then the solvents were removed by rotary evaporator and then the desirable dilutions of extracts as well as Taxol were prepared. After 24 hours treatment of the cells with the extract and taxol the cell viability was evaluated by Trypan blue dye exclusion and MTT colorimetric assay.Aqueous extract and Taxol showed significant cytotoxic effects on breast cells cancerous. according to this study Aqueous extract of sage (Salvia officinalis)had a dose dependent cytotoxic effect on cancerous cells which was comparable to Taxol cytotoxicity, Metastasis is the most powerful class of 4T1 cell and a good model for studies of breast cancer.

Para-nonylphenol (p-NP) is an important environmental pollutant that can affect the male reproductive system through endocrine disruption and inducing of oxidative stressence. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) on testicular tissue and sperm parameters (count, motility, viability and morphology), sperm DNA and chromatin abnormalities against toxicity induced by p-NP in adult NMRI mice.

Twenty-four adult male NMRI mice (32±3g) were divided into 4 groups (n=6): control, NSO (5ml/kg/day), p-NP (250mg/kg/day) and p-NP+NSO. After 34 days of oral treatment, the left testis was removed and used for histopathological observations. Left caudal epididymis was cut in the Ham’s F10 and released spermatozoa were utilized in order to analyze sperm motility, viability, number and morphology. Sperm chromatin quality was assessed by nuclear staining using acridine orange and aniline blue. The blood serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also measured. The study data were analyzed utilizing one Way ANOVA and Tukey’s test, and P<0.05 was considered as the significant level.

A significant decrease was observed in the p-NP group in regard with the motility, viability, number, normal sperm morphology, diameter of seminiferous tubules and germinal epithelium thickness, whereas a significant increase was reported in regard with the diameter of the seminiferous tubules lumen and MDA levels compared to the control group. Above parameters were significantly compensated by Nigella sativa oil in p-NP+NSO group compared to Para-nonylphenol group. The application of Nigella sativa oil alone significantly increased the number, motility, normal morphology of the sperm and significantly decreased the MDA levels compared to the control group.

The study results indicated that the Nigella sativa oil, as a potent antioxidant, could compensate for the toxicity induced by p-NP.

Bisphenol A (BPA) has estrogenic properties and generates reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) on sperm parameters against toxicity induced with BPA. In this experimental study, adult male mice with mean body weight 32±3 g were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=6): Control, BPA (200mg/kg/day), NSO (5ml/kg/day), and BPA+NSO. Oral treatment was performed till 34 days. After end of treatment, body and left testis weight were recorded and left caudal epididymis was also cut. Released spermatozoa were used to analyze sperm parameters such as motility, viability and abnormalities. Sperm chromatin quality was assessed. Data were analyzed with One-Way ANOVA. Body and testis weight showed no significant change in four groups (p<0.05). A significant decrease in the motility, viability and normal morphology of sperm (p<0.001) was found in BPA-treated mice compared to the control group. In BPA+ NSO group, NSO could significantly increas the mentioned parameters compared to the BPA group(p<0.05). BPA had no effect on the uncleus diameter of the spetmatogonia and sperm DNA integrity and histon-protamine replacement. The results indicated that NSO could partially ameliorate Bisphenol A-induced toxicity on sperm parameters.

Sodium arsenite is an environmental pollutant with the capacity of generating free radicals and tissue damage. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of green tea extract (GTE), as an antioxidant, on sperm parameters and testis tissues of the mice treated with sodium arsenite. Twenty-four adult male NMRI mice with mean body weight 30±5g were randomly divided into 4 equal groups: control, sodium arsenite (5mg/kg/d.), GTE (100mg/kg/d.) and sodium arsenite+GTE. Oral treatments were performed as long as 34 days. At the end of treatments, body and left testis weight were recorded and the left caudal epididymis of each subject was cut under Ham's F10. Then, the released spermatozoa were used to analyze sperm parameters. Sperm chromatin quality was assessed by nuclear staining using acridine orange and aniline blue. The left testis of each mouse was used for histopathological observation. The serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level was measured as an index of lipid peroxidation. Finally, the obtained data was analyzed by means of one-was ANOVA at the significant level P<0.05. A significant decrease in the number, motility, viability (P<0.001) and normal morphology of sperm (P<0.01) and also in mean diameter of seminiferous tubules, germinal epithelium thickness (P<0.001) were found in the mice treated with sodium arsenite compared to the controls. The mice treated with sodium arsenite revealed a significant increase in the mean diameter of seminiferous tubules lumen and MDA levels (P<0.001). The above parameters were significantly compensated in the sodium arsenite+GTE group. Sodium arsenite had no effect on the body and testis weight, diameter of spermatogonial nucleus, sperm DNA integrity, and histone-protamine replacement. The results indicate that green tea extract can partially be useful in reducing sodium arsenite-induced toxicity.

There is an increasing interest in identifying potent cancer preventive and therapeutic agents. Silymarin is a flavonoids complex extracted from the milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) seeds. Silymarin was found clinically successful in the treatment of various liver diseases. Silymarin is in the focus of cancer researchers due to its high antioxidant properties.

The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of silymarin on 4T1 cells and compared with taxol.

4T1 cell line (BALB/c mouse mammary tumors) was cultured in RPMI medium containing FBS 10%. Cells were incubated with 5% CO2 in presence of different concentration of silymarin (25-50-75-100-125 µg/ml), taxol (1.25-2.5-5-10-20 nM) and combination of silymarin and taxol separately for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Cell viability was assessed using trypan blue and MTT staining. The cells morphology was studied using fluorescent dye (Hochest, propidium iodide).

Silymarin and taxol showed significant cytotoxic effects on breast cancer cell in a dose and time dependent manner. Condensation and deformation of the nuclei were also observed similarly for both treatments. In combination treatment silymarin enhanced the sensitivity of 4T1 cells to taxol in all doses.

The cytotoxic effect of silymarin on mouse mammary tumors was comparable to taxol cytotoxicity. Treatment cells with combination of silymarin and taxol improved the cytotoxic effect of taxol.

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of shallot on breast cancer cells compared to carboplatin and taxol treatments. Different concentrations of drugs taxol and carboplatin and aqueous and alcoholic extracts of shallots were prepared. Using Trypan blue and MTT, cytotoxicity on breast cancer cells, in different times and concentrations were evaluated. Utilized Hoechst and propidum iodide staining morphological changes and possible apoptosis of cells were determined. The data statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and the mean level of P <0.05 was considered significant. The results indicate that shallot alcoholic extract has more inhibitory effects on cancer cells than aqueous extract at concentration range (0.01 to 0.05 g/L). Also, the simultaneous effect of shallot’s extract, accompaniment with carboplatin, caused enhancement in cytotoxicity of carboplatin. On the other hand, accompaniment of aqueous extract with taxol led to reduction of taxol cytotoxicity. This study showed aqueous and alcoholic extracts of shallots has cytotoxicity effects on breast cancer cells on rats affected by breast cancer. This plant is a herb which can be used against breast cancer can be subjects for further research.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Saffron is one of the most well-known plants as an antioxidant and anticancer. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of saffron on the viability of breast cancer cells and simultaneous interaction effect of Paclitaxel drug. In this study, saffron extract (Crocus sativus L.) was prepared by Soxhlet method. Breast cancer cells (4T1) were prepared from the Pasteur cell bank then passaged several times until the required number of cells obtained. Cytotoxicity of Paclitaxel and the extracts of saffron were assessed separately and simultaneously using colorimetric MTT assay and trypan Blue test with certain concentrations of drug and extracts in the treatment period of 48 and 72 h. Then, the rate of apoptogenic changes in each compound was evaluated by Hoechst and PI methods. Data from 48 and 72 h treatment of extract of Crocus sativus showed antitumor effects on breast cancer cells. These effects were dose and time dependent. The synergistic effects in 48 hour treatment indicated a significant increase in cytotoxicity of saffron/Paclitaxel (P <0.05). The results showed that ethanol and aqueous extract of saffron and Paclitaxel have significant anticancer properties against breast cancer cells. It was also found that the aqueous and ethanol extracts of saffron can considerably increase cytotoxicity in cancer cells induced by Paclitaxel while the aqueous extract of saffron showed better results.

Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (G. glabra) root has been used in traditional medicine for treatment of several diseases. The main active constituent of G. glabra is glycyrrhizic acid with antioxidant property. The cytotoxic effects of several compound isolated from different plants have been attributed to their antioxidant properties. The present work was aimed to investigate the in-vitro cytotoxic screening of G. glabra root extract against 4T1 cell line derived from BALB/c mice mammary tumors. 4T1 cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium with 10% FBS and penicillin/streptomycin. Then cells treated with different concentration of G. glabra extract (50, 100, 200, 400, 800 µg/ml), taxol (1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 nM) alone and in combination G. glabra and taxol for 24, 48, 72 hrs. Viability of the cells was measured through trypanblue and MTT staining. The cells morphology was studied using fluorescent dye. G. glabra root extract and taxol showed significant cytotoxic effects on breast cancer cells. Condensation and deformation of the nuclei were also observed similarly for both treatments. Moreover in combination therapy, G. glabra extract enhances taxol induced cytotoxicity in cancerous cells. G. glabra root extract and taxol showed cytotoxicity effects and morphological changes in 4T1 cells. This reduction in the viability of the cells was dependent on dose and time.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most important health problems in the world. B-cells are susceptible to damage by free radicals. Noticing the mechanism of cupping, this study was carried out to evaluate the effect of cupping together with drug therapy on biochemical factors and oxidative stress. In this clinical trial, 5ml of intravenous blood was obtained from diabetic patients in beginning and late stages of this disease who referred to a diabetes center. In addition to receiving metformin and glibenclamide, the patients underwent cupping after one month and were analyzed one month later. Blood samples obtained one month before and after the treatment were compared in terms of diabetes and oxidative stress indicators. To evaluate lipid peroxidation, TBA method was used and FRAPS method was employed to measure total serum antioxidants and blood factors by Pars Azmon kit. Hemoglobin A1C, fasting blood sugar, blood sugar 2 hours after fasting, triglycerides, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein as well as high-density lipoprotein showed significant increases. Aspartate transferase in diabetic patients significantly decreased after phlebotomy (p<0.05). Cupping improves blood factors in diabetic patients and it is recommended to be used as a complementary treatment in patients with diabetes type II.

Obtaining cells from the patient, expanding cell population on a scaffold, and, eventually, grafting the tissue to the patient is one of the tissue engineering techniques to create replacement tissue structures. Blastema tissue is one of the cellular sources in this regard. This study investigated the use of human gum tissue to prepare a scaffold and the interaction between the three-dimensional tissue scaffold and blastema tissue. In this experimental study, human gingiva was prepared and through snap freezing method and the use of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Triton X-100, went through cell bleaching. Then the provided scaffoldings were placed in 2-day-old blastema rings and stored in culture media for 25 days. Sampling of the blastema and scaffolding tissues was done once every five days. The results confirmed the removal of the cells from the prepared scaffolds. Also, histological studies in the fifth and tenth days indicated cell penetration into the blastema scaffolds. In the fifteenth day, in addition to penetration, blastema cells division and differentiation as well as epidermis genesis were observed. In the twentieth and twenty-fifth days, infiltration, cell division, and differentiation processes continued. The findings of this study indicated the possibility of creating a natural scaffold of human gingiva through this method. This scaffold can have an inductive effect on cell behaviors such as such as migration, adhesion, division, and probable differentiation. However, further studies for demonstrating the identity of the cells and other properties of such a scaffold as well as the possibility of using it in gingiva tissue engineering are recommended.