سیدمهدی قریشی

In this study, an attempt was made to synthesize a new sorbent based on the second generation of silica coated magnetic poly(amidoamine) (Fe3O4@SiO2@PAMAM) to improve the performance of magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) of some antifungal drugs including miconazole, clotrimazole and ticonazole in various real samples such as urine and human plasma. The extracted analytes were measured by high performance liquid chromatography equipped with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). Field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to study the morphology and structure of the prepared sorbent. The various factors such as: extraction time, sorbent amount, solvent desorption volume, desorption time, ionic strength and pH were studied and optimized. The method is validated according to ICH guidelines with respect to precision, accuracy, linearity, specificity, robustness, and limits of detection and quantification. Under the optimized condition, the linearity of the method was in the range of 1–500 µg L-1 (miconazole= 1-200 µg L-1, clotrimazole = 1-500 µg L-1 and ticonazole = 1-200 µg L-1). The obtained correlation coefficients (r^2) were between 0.9871-0.9977. The limits of detection (LODs) were also calculated to be 0.14-0.18 µg L-1 (miconazole= 0.16 µg L-1, clotrimazole = 0.18 µg L-1 and ticonazole=0.14 µg L-1). The limits of quantification (LOQs) were also in the range of 0.46-0.60 µg L-1 for the selected analytes. The relative standard deviations (RSDs%), were obtained in the range of 4.6 to 5.9%. Moreover, the calculated enrichment factors were between 85 and 93. The proposed method was also employed for the analysis of various real samples such as urine and plasma samples. The obtained recoveries indicated that the method was useful and applicable in complicated real samples

Many times, in damages, what is abused and attacked is immaterial matters related to human personality such as dignity, reputation, emotions and feelings and the like, all of which may be depending on the cause of moral damage. For the person and cause moral suffering and damage to his non-financial rights. Due to this, the present study was formed with the aim of investigating the moral and moral damages doubled from beatings and refers to the solutions that the law has considered to compensate for these damages.

From the point of view of the Islamic Shari'a, there is no doubt in accepting the principle of the concept of moral damages and its compensation in jurisprudence and the subject laws of the country, and the harmless rule, which is one of the jurisprudential presuppositions, covers and confirms it; On the other hand, moral damages can be considered as one of the most controversial issues of civil liability; Controversial because there is no consensus on the scope of this type of damages, and especially how and in what ways to compensate for moral damages. It seems that what has turned this issue into an acute problem of the judiciary is the lack of attention to the need to pay attention to the compensation of double mental and physical injuries from beatings (excess damage to blood money) and not knowing the true nature and philosophy of blood money on the one hand and Lack of a comprehensive analysis of the problems of the implementation of legal provisions of blood money on the other hand.

There are various methods to decline the nutrient loss in corn silage. One of these ways is adding lactic acid producing bacteria to silage. Lactic acid-producing bacteria prevent the growth of undesirable bacteria in silage by rapidly reducing the pH, and as a result, the nutritional value of the silage is preserved. Therefore, this research carried out to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum on the chemical composition, fermentation characteristics and in vitro digestibility of corn silage using of gas production method in corn fodder cultivated in Bardsir city of Kerman province at different time of harvesting.

The sampling was done randomly from six corn fields being harvested in the first and last decade of September to November in Bardsir city. After determination of dry matter, samples were ensiled with and without Lactobacillus plantarum additive in mini silo with three replicates for two months. The silage effluent was measured after 72 hours and also on the 10th, 20th, 30th and 60th days of the experiment. After opening the silos, silage pH and aerobic stability along with dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent insoluble fiber (NDF), acid detergent insoluble fiber (ADF), water soluble carbohydrates (WSC), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and lactic acid were measured. In vitro digestibility of corn silage was determined by gas production test and fermentation parameters including metabolizable energy (ME), short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and organic matter digestibility (OMD) were estimated based on produced gas and chemical composition of samples from standard formulas.

The findings of this research showed that the average percentage of DM in the samples harvested at different time had a significant difference. The average DM of silage in different time of harvesting was 19.4%. The addition of Lactobacillus plantarum to fodder corn had no significant effect on the concentration of lactic acid, NH3-N and chemical composition of corn silage, but the concentration of WSC in inoculated silages was lower than the control silage (P< 0.05). The pH of silage and the percentage of effluent were not affected by the inoculation (P> 0.05), however the aerobic stability in the silage with Lactobacillus plantarum was lower than the untreated silage (P<0.05). The cumulative gas produced after 24 and 48 hours, gas production potential (b), gas production constant rate (c) and fermentation parameters (ME, SCFA and OMD) were not significantly different among silage with and without inoculant.

The results of this study showed that the addition of Lactobacillus plantarum had no effect on the fermentation characteristics of corn silage produced in Bardsir city.

Money laundering and the fight against money laundering are important aspects of the ethics of ethical markets. Therefore, in order to have an ethical market, preventive measures related to money laundering should be considered as an economic crime. To achieve this important goal and identify the causes of such crimes, criminological studies are needed. Therefore, in the present article, preventive measures related to money laundering to establish the moral market as the target of selection and the legal system of Iran and international conventions on this crime were examined.

The dimensions of money laundering have expanded in recent years due to the globalization of the economy and the free flow of capital, and this requires attention to it. Major preventive measures against money laundering are related to banks and financial institutions. According to the authors of this article, the most important measures required for financial institutions include staff training, adjusting banking secrecy rules, monitoring money transfers, reporting large cash transactions, and reporting suspicious transactions. The results show that Iran's anti-money laundering laws are in accordance with the Merida Convention in terms of identifying, keeping records and reporting suspicious transactions, but are not obliged to identify the customer when there is criminal evidence.

This research is conducted with the aim of identifying the factors that strengthen inter-organizational social capital in universities based on the opinion of academic experts using the qualitative method and "foundation data" strategy.

In this research, which is a basic descriptive-exploratory research, the main tool of the research was semi-structured interviews with knowledgeable and expert people in the field of the research, which was a snowball sampling among university presidents and managers and university faculty members who have the characteristics They had what they wanted and it was done. After conducting 17 interviews and collecting information, the obtained codes were analyzed in different sections and in the three stages of open, central and selective coding of some concepts, the categories developed from the data were identified until saturation was reached.

Finally, the factors that strengthen inter-organizational social capital were counted in 5 subclasses, including organizational factors, educational factors, ideological factors, and cultural factors.

By taking advantage of factors, it is possible to create and strengthen social capital among universities and educational institutions

The issue of family court proceedings is one of the important discussions in the field of family law and judiciary bodies dealing with family affairs. It must be definitely claimed that failure to observe some principles in court proceedings related to family lawsuits may render rules and verdicts of family courts invalid. In this paper, we have tried to find an appropriate answer to this essential question: Are the court proceedings special for family lawsuits founded based on certain principles? In response to the above question, while investigating the sensitive position of the family institution through a descriptive-analytical method and based on rules and regulations, the efforts by the legislator to enact laws related to this important institution of the community have been hypothesized. This is, on one hand, to take into account various individual, social and family considerations, and on the other hand, to enact laws for sustainability of family relations. Therefore, undoubtedly certain principles must govern family court proceedings. The legislator has paid special attention to observing what is good for children, young adults and women according to the principle of expediency – which is a jurisprudential principle – and has avoided unnecessary formalities in family court proceedings in line with observing what is good for families and accelerating settlement of family lawsuits. Given close connection of family lawsuits with public order, the need for private session of court proceedings is proposed. Finally, referring all family lawsuits to arbitration is requested as a Quranic and jurisprudential principle. In the midst of discussions, we have reviewed Imam Khomeini’s views when needed.

Defense and resistance against enemies and how to face threats and respond to them are central issues in the field of political jurisprudence in Islam. Some justify the use of any violent method to defeat the enemy, and others consider the conditions and criteria for military operations by citing the right of legitimate defense and the necessity of defending the Islamic entity. Examples of these groups are takfiri groups using suicide operations, and another group is the axis of resistance, which, citing martyrdom operations, does not accept resistance and defense against foreign aggression and wants to confront it. The question that is raised is: What is the view of Islamic jurisprudence regarding martyrdom operations in the eyes of resistance groups and suicide operations of Takfiris? The answer that can be given to this question is that the argument of takfiri groups, which use any terrorist method to destroy themselves and others, leads to terrorist operations and is not acceptable. However, the axis of resistance use martyrdom operations to save their lives and others and only in situations where they are attacked and violated by the enemy. The method used in the current research is descriptive-analytical, which is done by using jurisprudential sources in an inferential way.

Sesbania is a perennial legume that grows mostly in the tropics of Asia, Africa and Australia. This plant tolerates different type of soils, especially saline soils. Due to appropriate protein percentage and relatively low fiber, this plant can be used in ruminant diets. This study was conducted to determine the chemical composition and digestibility of sesbania (Sesbania sesban) using gas production technique and to evaluate the trend of changes in these parameters from the third week to ninth week of growth. The samples from whole plant, leaves and stems were collected separately at third, fifth, seventh and ninth week of planting, to measure chemical composition (dry matter, protein, ash, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber) and also in vitro digestibility by gas production technique. The results of this experiment showed that the percentage of NDF and ADF increased significantly with the growth in the whole plant, leaves and stems, so that in the whole plant the amount of NDF increased from 35.66% in the third week to 46.08% in ninth week, and ADF ranged from 22.90 in the third week to 35.43 in the ninth week. Protein concentration decreased with aging in all parts of the plant. The amount of protein in the ninth week of growth was approximately 17.38% and 21.01% in the whole plant and leaves, respectively. With increasing plant age, along with increasing the concentration of structural carbohydrates and protein reduction in all three samples (whole plant, leaves and stems), the production of cumulative gas after 48 hours, total gas production, metabolisable energy, short chain fatty acids and organic matter digestibility decreased. The results of this study showed that according to the amount of dry matter and other measured compounds, the most appropriate time to harvest this plant as a whole plant is the seventh week of cultivation and the whole sesbania or its leaves can be a good source of livestock fodder after about two months of cultivation.

Paying special attention to the educational role of the aspects of war in the life makes the lifestyle a much more important subject. This qualitative study was conducted with the purpose of identifying the Islamic lifestyle components in the written memory of "Da", one of the written works in the holy defense, by applying the Grounded Theory research strategy; thus, after analyzing and comparing the qualitative data related to the subject, the Islamic lifestyle components were extracted in the form of 43 concepts and 8 main categories. According to the results, its main categories were as follows: belief and religious issues, educational issues, moral issues, motivational issues, unity and solidarity, purposefulness, rationalism, and pragmatism, that belief and religious issues had the most frequency compared to the other components in this written memory.

The antibacterial and antifungal effects of pomegranates peel and seeds are associated with the presence of phenolic compounds (flavonoids and tannin). These compounds accumulate in the skin and pomegranate juice and account for 92% of the antioxidant activity of pomegranates (Abid et al. 2017). Total tannins for pomegranate peel and pulp were reported to be 9.73 and 0.66%, respectively (Delavare et al. 2014). The different species of pomegranate have antibacterial and antifungal properties that can influence on a wide range of microorganisms (Carlton et al. 2000). Phenolic compounds in plants and foods by changing the gut microbial population can increase the amount of useful bacteria and reduce harmful bacteria (Katiyar 2002). It has been found that intestinal microflora plays a critical role in the health of the digestive tract and is dependent on the ration as the final source for metabolism of organic compounds. (Choct et al. 1996). To our knowledge, the effects of pomegranate by-products have been investigated on livestock and rumen function, however their effects on the intestinal microflora in ruminants have not been addressed. Therefore, due to the high concentration of tannins and phenolic compounds in the pomegranate by-products and their effect on intestinal microflora, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pomegranate pomace silage and pomegranate air-dried pomace on intestinal microflora in Mehraban fattening lambs.

Nine male lamb of Mehraban breed (mean weight of 27.03±3.5 kg and mean age of 187.8±1.4 d), were fed on three iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diets. Diets were balanced according to NRC (2007) recommendation including control diet, diet contain 27% pomegranate pulp silage (mixture of seed and pulp at equal ratio) and diet contain 31% air-dried pomegranate seed pulp. All three diets were fed for 60 d after 3 weeks for adaptation in individual pens with free access to salts lick and water. At the end of experiment all lambs were slaughtered and after than for enumeration of intestinal fluoromicrobes, one gram freshly digested specimens of ileum and cecum were collected. Samples were spread on the surface of agar medium. Colonies were counted by ophthalmic count and bacterial count was calculated as CFU/g (number of colonies per gram). The MRS agar and MacConkey (MC) medium were used for identification and enumeration of Lactobacillus spp and Escherichia coli respectively. All samples were incubated at 37ºC for 24 hours. All colonies were enumerated and recorded as CFU/g of culture suspension. For confirmation of Escherichia coli detection on MacConkey agar medium, polymerase change reaction (PCR) was conducted as DNA extraction using commercial kit (Bioneer, Sout Korea), polymerase change reactions, and electrophoresis of PCR products. Detection of molecular bacteria was done using the primers of 23S rRNA gene PCR. The PCR process was initial denaturation at 94 ºC for 2 minutes and totally 35 cycles, denaturation at 94 ºC for 45 seconds, and extension at 72 ºC for 2 minutes. All data was analyzed as a complete randomized design using SPSS software. Significant difference for means was considered at 0.05 level of differences.

The results of this study showed that in MRS medium either in ilium or cecum, the number of lactobacillus bacteria in all groups were not statistically significant. The mean number of Escherichia coli decreased due to feeding of pomegranate by-products (P<0.05), while the type of pomegranate by-product has not significant effect on number of Escherichia coli. The importance role of gut microflora is well recognized in GIT health, although population of gut microbes has been influenced by diet (Choct et al 1996). In contrast of useful effects of lactobacillus on GIT, Escherichia coli damages the intestine of animals and produces lipopolysaccharide (Munyaka et al. 2012). Tannins are considered as a toxin to microorganisms; these compounds in the soluble environment produce some stable complexes, mainly with protein and to a lesser extent with carbohydrates or some physiological ions elements such as iron and copper (Chung and Chou 1998). The pomegranate peel extract at different levels has antimicrobial effect against microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida tropicalis and Candida albicans (Ahmed et al. 2013). The phenolic materials in pomegranate fruit, are responsible for the antimicrobial properties of pomegranates (Seeram et al. 2006). In the present study, reduction of Escherichia coli population in lambs fed pomegranate by-products can be attributed to the adverse effect of phenolic substances in the pomegranate byproducts on Escherichia coli population. Several mechanisms have been introduced for antimicrobial properties of phenolic compounds in the pomegranate. Phenolic substances, with high molecular weight proteins, form complexes and by these complexes can react to the some cytoplasmic and membrane enzymes after absorption (Seeram et al. 2006). These complexes can also prevent cell surface receptors from attachment of harmful microorganisms (Cowan 1999). Phenolic compounds can react with the cellular proteins of microorganisms, alter cell wall structure and function (Hugo and Bloomfield 1971), reducing cell wall permeability and reducing substrate transport to cells (Goel et al. 2005). In addition, phenolic compounds can alter or denature some microbial enzymes, and also form complexes with certain nutrients and remove them from microorganisms (Hugo and Bloomfield 1971). The decline of Escherichia coli can also be attributed to the increase in the number of Lactobacillus; because by increasing the Lactobacillus and consequently increasing the production of lactic acid and creating an acidic environment, the population of Escherichia coli is reduced due to sensitivity of Escherichia coli to acidic environment (Hammer et al. 1999).

Feeding of the pomegranate pomace silage and air-dried pomegranate pomace in fattening lambs, decreased the population of Escherichia coli in ileum and cecum, although lactobacillus bacteria was not affected by pomegranate by-products. It seems that the tannins and phenolic compounds present in the pomegranate can effect on Escherichia coli population in ileum and cecum.

This study was carried out to design an inter-organizational social capital model in the Iranian executive organizations using qualitative method and grounded theory based on Glaser’s approach. The main research instrument of this pure, descriptive-exploratory study was semi-structured interviews with the informed and expert individuals who were active in the intended domain of the study. Sampling was done using snowball sampling to select participants from among the executive organizations’ managers and university professors who had the intended characteristics. After conducting 17 interviews and collecting data, the obtained data was coded. In the tripartite coding stages – i.e., open, axial, and selective coding – some concepts, categories, and themes were derived from the data, and this process continued up until theoretical saturation was achieved. At the end, the inter-organizational social capital model was designed in five main levels that included factors such as inter-organizational trust, congruence and sympathy, inter-organizational cooperation, and sovereign belonging as the characteristics of inter-organizational social capital, the enhancing factors including themes such as organizational factors, educational factors, ideological factors, and cultural factors, the antecedent factors including individual characteristics, organizational characteristics, common goals, and extensive inter-organizational communications, the consequences level including consequences at the organizational and national levels, and the formation barriers level including intra-organizational and extra-organizational barriers. The provided model can be used to create and enhance social capital among executive organizations and benefit from the consequences.

Digestibility of feeds can be measured using in vivo (direct method) and in vitro methods. The aim of this study was to measured chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of dried pomegranate seed pulp and pomegranate by-products silage by gas production technique. This research was conducted in the Department of Animal Sciences, Shiraz University. The experimental diets include dried pomegranate seed pulp (DPS), pomegranate seed pulp silage (fresh pomegranate seed pulp with 2% urea; FPS), pomegranate pulp silage (mixture of same amount of peel and seed pulp with 2% urea and 3% wheat straw; PPS+U), and the same silage mixture without urea (PPS). The chemical composition (protein, fat, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF)) and volume of gas production were measured. The results showed the highest percentage of protein (23.33) and fat (16.75) were found in PPS+U and FPS, respectively. The dried pomegranate seed pulp had the maximum amount of NDF and ADF. The maximum gas production volume during 24 hours was found in dried pomegranate seed pulp. The constant gas production rate per hour (c) was not significantly different between the treatments, but other fermentation parameters were higher in DPS than other samples. In general, our results showed that DSP, despite higher amount of NDF, has higher gas production and more energy, and also the PPS+U, is an appropriated protein feed, that these two pomegranate by-products can be tested in in vivo studies by replacement for some part of the forage and concentrate in ruminant rations.

Civil partnership agreement is one of the common methods of allocating resources and granting facilities in the country's banking system, which is based on the partnership of capital owners. The standard nature of the form has led to the inclusion of conditions that unilaterally serve the interests of the bank and the rights of the customer are ignored. These conditions, known as "imposed conditions", are the subject of this article and it has been tried to identify the meaning and examples of these conditions in civil banking partnership agreements and based on jurisprudential and legal principles, the case Be analyzed and evaluated. The results of the present study, which was done by descriptive-analytical method, show that these conditions have been formulated without using the real results of the principle of sovereignty of the will, and in them, no place has been considered for the free will of the facility applicant. In addition, the mentioned conditions have violated the principle of justice and fairness, which is one of the basic principles of jurisprudential rules and the basis of conscience and unauthorized exchange contracts.

The opportunistic tacktik is based on the use of annual plants to feed the livestoke. These low environmental demanding species grow abundantly due to soil seed bank richness. This research is aimed at studying the autecology and forage quality of wild safflower (Carthamus oxyacantha M.B.) as increasing plant and invasive plant at three phenological stages in Zarrindasht rangeland’s ecosystem. Soil profiles depth were different proportional to the effective depth of the roots. Then, samples were taken to the laboratory to measure physical and chemical analyses. Furthermore, the germination percentage was tested under different temperature treatment namely 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30ºC using a completely randomized design. The forage quality was focused on CP, DMD, ADF, ME, EE and Ash. Duncan test and SAS software were used or comparison of the averages and data analysis respectively. The results showed that this plant grows up on clay-loam soils, acidity of 7.9, electrical conductivity of 1.1 ds/m, 0.88% organic matter, 0.26% nitrogen. Germination treatments showed that the best performance occurs at 15 and 20ºC. The results demonstrated that as the age of the plants increases the forage quality of is reduced. It seems that if the plant harvests at the proper growth stage, it could be used in the pasture as a nutritional supplement in arid and semi-arid regions. During critical periods of forage deficiency cropping and keeping in the storage as traditional ranchers now realize and do it, could help the situation. looking at the concept of plant succession, the species might be a pioneer plant.  So once more this issue emphasizes on range management with the ecological viewpoint as science and art to balance and utilize rangeland ecosystems.

The present study is aimed at answering this question despite the fact that guaranteed private ownership has many effects and benefits on foreign investment and it leads to production and economic prosperity but it requires to provide legal and judicial protection mechanisms for this right. The legislature, in the law of encourage and support foreign investment, it makes foreign direct investment possible in areas where private sector activity is allowed, however, the rules and regulations of legal and judicial protection of private property in the country do not comply with investment rules and standards. However, changes have been made in the law of encourage and protect foreign investment and identified protections for investor property rights but this law failed to provide a proper legal and judicial framework providing the right environment requires protection of private property in other national laws, especially the constitution law in a way that leads to the efficiency of this right and is dynamic and attractive for the investor.

Due to the increase in population and as a result of the increase in economic activities in the world, the demand for water consumption has increased significantly. Seawater covers two-thirds of the earth's surface, so it makes sense to use these resources to provide drinking water and could be an important component in solving the problem of water scarcity. In addition, existing technologies for water treatment to meet There are certain water quality requirements, so reusing used water to address water shortages can be further explored. In recent years, organic metal frameworks have received much attention due to their interesting chemistry and potential applications. In the science of separation, researchers have extensively studied organic-metal frameworks for gas separation and water treatment. In this paper, the aim is to investigate the possibility of using organic-metal frameworks for membrane desalination. Therefore, after a brief introduction of organic-metallic frameworks, several methods for preparing membranes of organic-metallic frameworks, water desalination techniques and methods of application of organic-metallic frameworks and finally membranes of organic-metallic frameworks for different applications of water Such as desalination, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration and microfiltration are considered. The use of organic-metal frameworks as membranes in water treatment is still in its infancy compared to other applications such as gas separation.

Different opinions have been presented regarding the validity or invalidity of an endowment in which the donor incorporates a condition under which in case of need, the endowment object returns to his property. The opponents of validity of this act either consider it void ab initio or believe that such act is in fact a surrender of property not endowment; since in any situation, endowment must be perpetual and the condition that the object returns to the donor contradicts the essential character of endowment and is against the requirements of endowment contract. The third category consider the endowment and the condition as valid. The origin of all of the above said theories is the issue of “requirement of perpetuity in endowment contract” and the possibility of incorporating a resolutory condition therein. The present research, after studying the current jurisprudential opinions in this connection and accepting the theory of non-requirement of perpetuity in endowment, has proven the correctness of “the validity of endowment on condition that the endowment object returns to the donor's property in case of need” and by examining the concept of resolutory condition in law has considered it as applicable to the condition incorporated in endowment contract and the authors believe that based on the theory accepted in Islamic jurisprudence, it is permitted to incorporate a resolutory condition in the endowment contract and  the condition of return of the object to the donor in case of need is its most obvious instance.

God is the one who is the origin of the religion, and He is the one who has communicated the one religion, first, to His messengers and then to people through the revelation till the Day of Resurrection. This single religion was passed on to the divine prophets, and they were responsible to communicate it to their own people until the perfect and complete version of it was revealed during the time of Prophet Mohammad (p.b.u.h.). A careful reflection upon the verses of the holy Quran reveals that Islam is the only religion approved by God, and the truth of Islam is Hazrat-e Amir al-Mo’menin’s (a.s.) welayat. Fiqh-e mosaveq (concurrent) refers to a deep understanding of religion, and tafaqqoh (gaining sound knowledge) denotes a form of understanding of and reasoning about welayat and acquisition of true knowledge of the Imam of every age. Therefore, it is revealed from the Quran and other religious texts that ‘tafaqqoh in religion’ in the 122nd verse of Surah al-Tobah refers to reflection upon welayat and acquisition of a sound knowledge of the Imam in every age and of Imam Mahdi (aj.) at present. Accordingly, the ruling of tafaqqoh in religion is wajib-e nafsi, wajib-e eini and wajib-e molavi (an act that God has made it obligatory due to its common good). That is, the essence of tafaqqoh in religion or attainment of the knowledge of the Imam of every age is desirable to the mowla (God), and it is obligatory for all the religiously accountable people, and the abandonment of this wajib-e molavi will result in punishment and the rejection of other acts. This study has been conducted using the analytical approach and with a new look at the truth of tafaqqoh in religion and its ruling.

The family is one of the most important human institutions in which human personality is formed and human perfection flourishes and grows. In this research, the author has tried to ask help from Raḍavī discourse in explaining the strength of couple relationships. Accordingly, by researching the word of Imam Rīḍa (as), he explains the causes and instances of family disputes, which are lessened by the couple's observance of each of them. In the following, in order to resolve the family disputes and with regard to the explicit emphasis of the Holy Quran, the institution of arbitration has been examined from the perspective of jurisprudence and law. Finally, by pathological analysis, suggestions are made for completing and amending the rules.
Arbitration institution as an institution based on legal-jurisprudence, has allocated to itself the articles from 454 to 501 of the Civil Procedure Code. Therefore, in the present article, one of the innovations of the new Family Protection Law from the jurisprudential-legal perspective has been comparatively discussed.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of replacing alfalfa hay (AH) with corn silage (CS) in the finely ground starter diet on health status and blood biochemical parameters of male Holstein calves during pre-weaning period. Thirty (3-d old) newborn calves (40.2 ± 1.28 kg body weight) were assigned randomly to three experimental groups receiving starter diets containing 10% (on dry matter basis) AH (Control), 5% AH and 5% CS, and 10% CS. The starter diets had the same nutrient composition but dry matter content was highest and lowest in Control and 10% CS groups, respectively. Blood concentration of albumin was higher in calves fed 5% CS diet compared with calves fed Control or 10% CS diets (P ≤ 0.05). Compared with calves on other treatments, calves on Control group were more susceptible to develop diarrhea or pneumonia (P ≤ 0.05) and thereby had lower chance to be treated. No difference was observed among treatment groups for frequency and medication days of diarrhea or pneumonia, but duration of diarrhea was higher in calves on Control group compared with other treatments (P ≤ 0.05). Based on obtained results, feeding CS containing diets (5 or 10%) to male Holstein calves during the preweaning period may have a potential to improve calf health and to decrease costs related to drugs and medication

This project was aimed at demonstrating the role of Islamic legal political system approach in eliminating conflicts of laws. With this regard a descriptive- analytical method has been employed to debate a series of contributing factors including political power in government's ideology, origins of political power and its association to legal basis, the significance of conflicts of laws to stability of soft power, laws conflict and the ratio of proposals, the guardianship of the Islamic jurist approach in solving conflict of laws, reasoning behind solving conflict of laws, and adapting jurisprudence approach for solving conflicts. The results indicate that basis of remedies for conflict of laws with respect to guardianship of the Islamic jurist principle either to religion logic, or from humanistic viewpoint equals the major factor. This is because of its reliance on human nature, so that it can compensate the absence of an international or a domestic written acceptable wise solution for the conflict of laws.