شمس الحاجیه اردلانی

One of the most important issues facing today's society is the relationship between tradition and modernity. The relationship between tradition and modernity is one of the important issues of today's society, which is also reflected in fiction.. In the course of modernization, many societies have undergone transformation and transformation of social, cultural structures and even roles. One of the issues of modernity, according to Giddens' view, is change and transformation, and it is based on the critique of the past and the present as much as it critiques itself. Il Bakhtiari society, as a part of the structure of Iranian society, has a completely traditional structure that has undergone growth and transformation in recent years, so that these changes in different family, clan and clan structures, relationships between social roles, customs and traditions And in general, it has shown itself in all cultural elements. In this research, the author is trying to analyze and critique the sociological works of Mohammad Bahman Bigie based on the perspective of Anthony Giddens in a descriptive-analytical way. Anthony Giddens believes that traditions continue to exist in any society, even modern society. The results of the research indicate that the traditions have a significant presence in Bahman Begi's works and have not disappeared and even have guardians who watch over and protect them. According to Giddens, these customs and traditions are held collectively and in a group, in such a way that they have an inseparable connection with the identity of the people of the tribe and are repeated in various ways.

From time immemorial, human beings have always whispered songs, whether in solitary moments or in ceremonies such as religious celebrations, hunting, and wars. These songs have been introduced with different names from the beginning until now. Folk songs are rooted in the culture and customs of a nation. People have lived with these songs and expressed their joy and sorrow with them. With them, they have shown their protest, glory and complaint, and in a word, these songs have been a reflection of the customs of the society. In the meantime, the culture of the people of Dashti is considered in this article. In this article, with the approach of textualism and internal analysis and socio-cultural functions, these literary genres have been studied and analyzed. Songs such as Golgoli, Gol Sosani, Sooz Sooz, Zino Zino, etc. are the main materials of this research. In the study of the melodies of these songs, the components and other characteristics of each of them have been mentioned, as well as the literature and verses corresponding to each application. Due to the variety of authorities, songs and melodies, It can be concluded that the music and folk songs of Dashti city are unique in terms of quality and quantity and have a special place in Iran. Due to the industrialization of cities and the death of narrators of ethnic music, the music of these ethnic groups gradually It is also disappearing or forgotten. By examining and explaining the musical structure of ethnic music, we will try to preserve and introduce this music to other cultures.

Angels are inconspicuous beings that god created them to serve through his orders. On the other hand, it is intertextuality which is the method of text convergence, based on impressionability from previous texts and the influence on later texts. The current research is qualitative research with the descriptive-analytical method based on library resources and with the aim of investigating the role of angels in the poetry of Hafez of Shiraz and Imam Khomeini, it has been compiled based on Quranic intertextuality. Both Hafez and Imam Khomeini had mystical tendencies and regarding the fact that they had complete familiariaty with the word of God, therefore the dominant theme of their poems is based on mysticism. Angels as executors of God's orders, which mostly have a formative identity, are well considered by Hafez and Imam Khomeini. They pointed to a wide range of angel's activities; both aspects of mercy and wrath and also in between which depend on reaction to human behavior, were regarded.

Intertextuality is a method of convergence of texts based on interdependent ways in which texts stand in relation to one another, where the meaning of one text is shaped or influenced by its relationship with other texts. In other words, intertextuality refers to taking influence from previous texts to influence the next texts. According to Gerard Genette, in its brief definition, intertextuality is the simultaneous occurrence of two texts in each other. His definition of intertextuality falls into three levels: a very clear level or quotation, less clear level or plagiarism and least clear or implied level or allusion. Allusion implies such concepts as allegory and metaphor, without its hints it is impossible to fully understand a text. This work is a qualitative research work developed through a descriptive-analytical method and based on library documents meant to clarify implied intertextual clarification of the Holy Quran in Imam Khomeini’s poetry. Therefore, we have reviewed those poems by Imam Khomeini that, according to Genette’s classification of intertextuality, they have an implied intertextual relationship with the words of the Holy Book. Findings of the paper indicate a broad-based relationship between Imam Khomeini’s poetry and the verses of the Holy Quran.

Meftun has effectively used rhetorical tools, especially semantics, in his couplets, songs and lyrical romances. In this research, the role of semantics in the transmission of poetic ideas in the enchanted couplets has been investigated in order to identify that when he wants to implicitly turn to advice and teaching in his lyrical and romantic couplets, What kind of sentences did he use and how did he use them to convey the intended themes to the audience in the best way. By using the science of meanings and its appropriate tools such as interrogative, informative and imperative sentences in an effective way, Muftun has succeeded in conveying poetic concepts and themes to his audience, and at the same time, in this way, the presence of the audience in the context of the text. It has also shown more prominently. Examining these sentences and their secondary purposes is very necessary to understand his thoughts. By examining the type of sentences used in didactic verses and their secondary purposes and meanings, it is determined how to connect the lyrical language of Mofotun with his educational goals these poems. In this research, the authors have investigated this category of sentences and their secondary meanings in a descriptive-analytical way and library tools, and the salient points of three topics of the science of semantics, i.e. imperative and informational interrogative sentences and their role and influence in The effective transmission of the poet's themes in the lyrical and romantic song has been described and explained

Faez Dashti (1871-1951AH)is one of the poets of the southern song house and one of the representatives of folk poetry and popular and indigenous literature of this region, who pays special attention to educational ideas in his songs. He has been called the most emotional poet of the common people. With an overview of Fayez's couplets, one can understand the presence of his emotion and delicate feeling and poetic taste along with various local elements. In his lyrical poems and romances, he has referred to moral and educational issues and has effectively used rhetorical tools, especially semantics. This benefit has been successful in conveying moral concepts and teaching them to its audience by using semantics and its appropriate tools such as question sentences, news and something in an effective way, and at the same time, through this, The presence of the audience in the text lab is also more prominent. In this research, the authors have studied this category of sentences and their secondary meanings in a descriptive-analytical manner and library tools, and the highlights of three topics of semantics, namely, question and news question sentences and their role and effect. In the effective transmission of the poet's educational themes in the lyrical and romantic poem, it has been explained and explained.

One form of sentence used to convey secondary meanings is the imperative mood. This article focuses on types of sentences involving imperative mood and conveying secondary signification in Rumi’s Masnavi, which he used in his work with his mastery of language and knowledge of conceptual capacities.  The study   The purpose of this study is to investigate the style and structure of imperative sentences in the third book of Masnavi Sharif.   The authors aim to investigate Rumi’s intention in employing imperative sentences and the ensuing secondary meaning with highest frequency. The type of research is basic and descriptive-analytical, and the findings are examined based on content analysis. The statistical population of the research is the third book of Masnavi. The result of the research indicates that Rumi has used all the secondary meaning, and imperative sentences with secondary meaning are not clearly limited to the same cases mentioned in the books of meanings. Also, the most widely used of secondary meaning are guidance, rest, desire, persuasion and encouragement, pain and supplication, and the expression of multiple meanings has been done simultaneously in one sentence by the speaker.

Narration is one of the most efficient and effective literary and educational methods. Great poets such as Rumi inherited very old cultural and literary traditions, and therefore their stories are rooted in history and the collective human subconscious. Storytelling has a unique and completely different place in the spiritual Masnavi. Masnavi is an educational work full of stories and anecdotes. This research, in a descriptive-analytical way and library method, seeks to apply the narrative of one of the stories of Masnavi and Al-Tair region entitled "The common story of the dervish who adorned Amid Khorasani's slaves in Masnavi and Al-Tair region". Since allegorical stories form a large part of Masnavi and the best method and technique of Rumi in inducing teachings is his special method of narration, by analyzing this story, we can explain how narration and the role of semantic association in Rumi's method of narration. That is, knowing the narrative style of the text helps us to get closer to the author's mentality, and by identifying the narrative style of Masnavi, we can answer the questions of what is the difference between choosing a particular method of narration in the story of Masnavi and giving meaning to the text or the story of the region. It creates and to what extent has Rumi been able to create new meanings due to the change in the way of narrating the story of Al-Tair region?

The manuscript of Hadaegh al- Anvar is a great essay in Sufism and Tawhid whose author has mentioned his biograghy in the first chapter of the preface. The author has arranged his book in eight Hadighah and each Hadighah in several Golzar and Shajarah. In this edition, the author has brought many poems and anecdotes from other poets and writers. Anecdotal tales are an example of a fictional literature in Persian mystic prose. The author has also expressed the educational, moral and mystical content in the best possible way. In this article, we are going to show the most prominent moral and ethical lessons, such as prayer, love, knowledge, Tawhid, poverty and mortality, self-defense, denunciation of dance and worldly life, austerity, certainty, glory, perfect man, and etc. Studies show that the Ghomashmi has used various myths of national and religious origin to explain mystical issues. Most of the writer's attention is to the post-Islamic religious mythology, in which the characters of the prophet (PBUH) and Imam Ali (as) and Imam Zaman (aj) are his main writings. The pre-Islamic mythology is used in the second grade and national mythology is ranked third in a third degree. Ghomashmi has also used national mythology to explain religious and mystical concepts. highlight mystical.

Cultural semiotics is one of the types of the semiotics of new criticism with which the hidden layers of Shams Ghazals can be explored. Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi, also known as Molavi, has expressed his mystical thoughts in Ghazals elegantly and with great capacity. Explaining astronomical myths is one of the most important codes in cultural semiotics. In this article, the descriptive-analytical method and content analysis method were used to study and analyze astronomical myths in the first seventy Ghazals of Shams. The results showed that Shams Ghazals are the manifestation of astronomical myths‎that‎ have‎influenced‎Moulavi’s‎ subconscious.‎Also,‎it‎was‎ found‎that‎ this mystic poet has used these astronomical myths and beliefs to explain his intellectual and mystical patterns. The ancient beliefs and myths have long considered the astronomy and astronomical phenomena to be influential in their destiny. Accordingly, in the present study, astronomical myths in Shams Ghazals were investigated.

Narratology is a subject that has been studied in the past decades by the likes of Tzutan Todorov, Norman Friedman, Jaap Linolette, Gerald Press, Stansel, and Gerard. For nearly forty decades, this category, as an independent science in the West, has opened its place and from the point of view of structuralists, studies the nature, form and role of narrative and tries to show the ability and understanding of the narrative text. According to many scholars, the French general Georges has made the most complete theories in this field. The point of view or the focus of the narrative is the subject that the writer or narrator chooses to look at his story. His precise views and coherent views about the center of narrative have such a capacity that with the help of his narrative model, various literary texts can be examined and a new perspective can be opened on them. In this research, using a descriptive-analytical method, narrative techniques in the novel of mountain leopards by Amin Faqiri based on the theory of the center of narrative of the general agent will be examined.

Stories and stories, which form a large part of the works, create different semantic methods and sciences in their structure. Among these sciences, "narratology" is a theory that uses structural methods and principles to organize the components of the story until it reaches the author's goal; Fiction, therefore, is a platform for the creation of new methods of extensive literature. Amin Faghiri, one of the leading writers in the field of Persian culture and literature, using a variety of narrative techniques in the novel Dancers, succeeded in creating a work that is useful in communicating with the audience. The reader accompanies the author in the study of these stories and the use of these tricks is considered as an indicator of the author's abilities. The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze how to use different types of narratives based on the theory of narration techniques "Geragent" French theorist.

This descriptive-analytical study examines a number of dancers' novel narratives based on the four topics of order, continuity, frequency and time, within the framework of narrative theory in the time of Gerard Genet.

A poor person breaks the sequences of time using artistic techniques. Time-lapse in the novel "Dancers" is retrospective and by using descriptive pause tricks and creating a scene, it has slowed down the narrative time routine and its negative acceleration. These patterns of chronological apricot complicate the narrative, and this has added to the novel's appeal and richness.

In the novel "Dancers", this author narrates in a realistic way. Realism is the dominant element of his work, which apart from fictional elements has played a significant role in the process of his works to date. In this story, the narrator with the third point of view of the omniscient person, by confusing time in the narrative, associates the reader with a narration of people, places and events and shows the events. Using artistic techniques, he disrupts, delays, or speeds up sequence relationships.

Allegory is an anecdote or a narrative consisting of ethical, religious, didactic, social, mystical, philosophical and even psychological concepts. There is also the other side of intertextuality in which the method of convergence contexts should be adopted through considering the effect of foregoing contexts and it’s influences on subsequent contexts.Current research is a qualitative study. Therefore, this is a descriptive-analytical study conducted based on library references with the aim of allegorical survey ofall the elements and narratives of Imam Khomeini’s poem which relies upon Quranic intertextuality.Imam Khomeini was a divine mystical character. He also has had a perfect familiarity to God’s utterances with divine providence. Accordingly, the core and frame of his poems are based on this fact. Moreover, his poem comprises ethical and reflective tips leading to firmness and stability in the poetry. In this survey, due to the necessity of research, attempts have been made to address Quranic elements and tales which are allegorically utilized in Imam Khomeini’s poetry. Although such elements and tales possess real nature in principle, they carry a second meaning when placed in allegorical forms.

Mowlavi is one of the greatest mystics of the storyteller of Persian literature who has turned to the story of the Qur'an, in order to express ethical and mystical points.  One of the important elements of Quranic stories, which are used in Mathnavi by Rumi, are the characters and figures of the Quran, especially prophets.  Rumi has used many Quranic verses in Masnavi, and one of Mowlana's most important techniques in dealing with Quranic verses is their interpretation and luscious interpretation  Interpretation in Islamic culture, especially in mystical literature, is a term that is used as an esoteric interpretation and from the appearance to the backwardness.  Basically, believing in the backbone of affairs is at the heart of the Maulana thinking, for which he is paying special attention to the interpretation.  He believes that the Holy Quran has an inner one hidden under the appearance of words.  The interpretation of the verses of the Holy Qur'an in Mathnavi is a tangible form of exegesis that transcends inwardness beyond appearance and with the standard of love and taste, but does not negate the appearance.  One of the most important conditions of interpretation in his view is his interpretation that necessitates self-knowledge and cultivation of the soul, and the result is that it means that the interpretation should hope for God's mercy.

Storytelling has a unique and completely different place in " Masnavi manavi". The aim of this research, which is descriptive-analytical and library method, is to study the temporal communication methods between narration and story in Masnavi anecdotes, through which a stylistic model and a list of narrative possibilities for a variety of classical Persian stories can be achieved. It provided the basis for the creation and invention of new methods. To achieve these goals, we must study and analyze the levels of narrative in Masnavi and the relationship between them. To analyze this issue, the method of recent or contemporary narratology has been used, which mostly includes the theory proposed by the second generation of narratologists (contemporary narratology). Like Genet and his commentators. The result is that Rumi's narration is aimed at mystical and moral goals and this purposefulness affects all dimensions and categories of narration and has made Rumi's narrative method special and distinctive.

As one of the most important mystical works of Persian language, Mathnawi deserves a lot of attention in various aspects. Rumi has used many Quranic verses in Mathnawi, and one of Rumi's most important techniques in dealing with the Qur'anic verses is their interpretation of the Holy Qur'an and their lively and romantic interpretation. It goes from appearance to backend. Basically, belief in the essence of things is at the center of Rumi's thinking, so he pays special attention to interpretation. He believes that the Holy Quran has an esoteric hidden under the rhetoric. The interpretation of the verses of the Holy Qur'an in Mathnawi is a way of interpretation that brings out the inner beyond the appearance of the standard of love but does not negate the appearance. One of the most important conditions of interpretation for him is his own interpretation, which necessitates self-knowledge and cultivation of the soul, and it requires avoidance of whim. The second, and perhaps the most important, component of interpretation is Rumi's view of the work and its result, which means that one must hope for God's mercy. The subject of this study is the mystical and romantic interpretation of Rumi's verses. One of the most important conditions of interpretation for Mowlana is the interpretation of self which requires self-knowledge and the cultivation of the soul and the result is prostration; that is, interpretation must lead one to happiness and hope in God's mercy.

Fiction which is the product of modernism in turn, has taken a role in reflecting the experience of contrast between tradition and modernity. This research centerpiece is the analysis of modern concepts reflected in Kelidar. Although Kelidar is a local story happened in rural locations, but, due to its story and adventures, especially affected by that time social and political events(1946-1948), as like as the inflamed political atmosphere in Iran after the second world war, it can be said that some modernity elements like change and transformation, critical approach to issues, fundamental thoughts, philosophical and anthropological theories, in contrast between tradition and modernity are reflected. The methodology of this research is descriptive-analytical and based on library studies.

An analysis with the "intertextuality" approach examines the communication of a text with other texts. The main purpose of this research is to compare the application of love from the perspective of Rumi and Hegel based on the Qur'an. Love is a matter which philosophers, mystics and scholars have long sought to understand and understand its nature, and is one of the most important issues that all mystics and philosophers have spoken about and talked about. They consider love as the basis of the universe, through which all creatures move from one to the highest in the movement and towards the root of love, the essence of God. Maulana and Hegel are two leading thinkers of two very different time frames that express the various aspects of love and play a central role in their works and writings. The main question of this essay is that what is most striking in terms of the love of Rumi's works and the works of Hegel? In this research with a descriptive-analytical approach, first, explain the love and then describe its examples, referring to the verses of the Quran, from Masnavi and Hegel's works. Finally, it was concluded that what is on the path to the knowledge and comprehension of the human soul by relying on pure love is the most important point in the opinion of these two thinkers.

Paying due attention to poem's musical elements (such as rhythm, rhyme, Radif) helps the reader to perceive the meaning as well as poet's feelings better. Specially, it is the case for rhyme which is the most important manifestation of music accompanying the poem and it plays a significant role in transfer of the meaning. Investigating such poetic elements not only helps to better make sense of the poem, but also evaluates poet's strength in writing poems. Iqbal Lahouri, a famous Iranian poet, has used rhyme as any other Iranian poets as an instrument to express his emotions and his desired meaning and this study attempts to investigate the musical role of the rhyme by applying an analytical-descriptive approach and by relying upon poems within Iqbal Lahouri's Javid Nama.Strong and various structures of the rhyme, the impact of rhyming letter's resonance in compensation of metre limitations, the expression of the poet's desired emotion, phonetic consistency of verse components with rhyme letters as well as Iqbal's use of imagery devices and creation of artistic rhymes have been evaluated in this study as the main reasons for Javid Nama's poems ear-catching rhymes.

Poets have always tried to convey their meaning to the audience in a formidable and effective manner by using literary elements. One of the elements that has always been paid attention to by poets in poetry, both traditional and new, is the element of repetition.
In this essay, it has been attempted to investigate the function of the element of repetition, which is the main axis of inner music, in the poem of Iqbal lahori’s book of eternity to determine to what extent this Persian poet of Urdu speaker has used this industry to express its meaning.
Shemisa sees the repetition as the third method in the rhetorical revision that creates the music of the word. in his view, Repetition appears in the form of repetition of words, repetition of syllable, word, commitment, repetition, repetition of a phrase or sentence in speech (a fresh look at the novels: 59-60). Kazazi also considers the repetition as vocabulary reverse in a way that does not render the words too expensive, coarse and uneven. Otherwise, it is not a repetition of an aesthetic tool, but a weakness and an "abyss" in speech. According to him, various types of repetition are "rhyme rebuilding", "initial rebuilding", "canonization", "hajib", " Rad Al-Ajz ala sadr ", "coexistence" and "commitment" (Badhi, Aesthetics of Persian Speech: 80-48). This research examines the repetition in two visible and invisible branches in Iqbal Lahori’s book of eternity in order to determine which types of repetitions (visible and invisible) are used more in the book of eternity. And also the repetition of which arrays was more of a poet's attention. And what is the purpose behind using the repetition element? And have these repetitions influenced the poet's intention? .the research method is Descriptive-analytic and data collection tool is library using snippet. In this study, by dividing the repetition into two visible and invisible types, we examine the symptoms of the two types of repetitions, the types of puns, the types of phonemes as invisible repetitions in the poetry, as well as the regular and irregular repetition methods throughout the verses as visible repetition symptoms. To do this, all the verses of the book of eternity were examined from this perspective and their representations were recorded in the snippet. In the end, the obtained information was also categorized and coded.  Types of visible and invisible repetitions in the book of eternity:
Table 1: Types of invisible repetitions in the drafts
array
Type of puns
Same-beginning
Scattered phoneme phonetic
Same-ending
Same-beginning and same-ending
frequency
965
315
276
110
27
As it is seen, the types of puns have most recurrence in the book of eternity. The types of puns used in the book of eternity are: complete pun, distorting pun, redundant pun, repetitive pun, contradictory pun, present pun, connected pun, derivative pun, pseudo-derivative pun, linear pun, word pun and combination pun. After the pun, same-beginning has the largest share in invisible repetitions.
Table 2: Types of visible repetitions in the book of eternity
Arrays
Frequency
Repetition of the word over a verse
779
Regular repetitions of one or more words at the beginning of the verses
93
Repeat the word over a few verses
35
Rad Al-Ajz ala sadr(bringing a word at the end of a verse until the beginning)
5
Rad Al-Sadr Ala Jaze(bringing a word at the beginning of a verse until the end)
2
Visible repetitions in Iqbal’s poems include repeating the word during a single verse, repeating the verse during a poem, repeating one or more words spatially over several verses, regular repetition of one or more words at the beginning of the verses, Rad Al-Sadr Ala Jaze, Rad Al-Sadr Ala Jaze; repetition of words encompasses a large amount of this repetition.
But the visible repetitions of the book of eternity are sometimes more than a word and include a group of words; this kind of apparent repetition is one of the boosting methods. The inner music is one of the musical effects of poetry, the most important of which is the repetition, because many arrays in the field of internal music are formed on the basis of repetition. Repetition was studied in two visible and invisible branches in the book of eternity, and various effects were observed in this work.
The types of puns, same-beginning, same-ending, same-beginning and same-ending, the scattered phoneme phonetic are the invisible repetitions of the poems of Iqbal in the book of eternity. Visible repetitions include repetition of the word during a single verse, repetition of a hemistich or verse in the form of a poem, repetition of one or more words spatially over several verses, regular repetitions of one or more words at the beginning of verses, Rad Al-Sadr Ala Jaze and Rad Al-Sadr Ala Jaze. According to the obtained statistics, Iqbal is more willing to use visible repetitions than invisible repetitions. The invisible repetitions, without being apparent, increase the richness of the inner music of the poem.
As seen, pun is the most used invisible repetition of the book of eternity. Puns play a significant role not only in the poetry but also in the rhymes, under the title of exquisite rhymes. Other types of invisible repetitions include phonological types. But according to the survey, among the Iqbal goals in applying the repetition element, one can mention the following:1. Strengthening inner music and its richness. 2. Helping to better convey concepts to the audience 3. Highlighting the underlying concept and emphasizing it Therefore by repeating consonants and vowels, Iqbal not only has consolidated the inner music, but also has brought about the concepts and themes of interest and has achieved what is called the magic of adjacency

Applying new analytical views for the purpose of reviewing and critique of epic texts not only does not harm the purpose and content of such texts, but also offers new horizons and opportunities for the researchers and thinkers which help them develop their capacity for comprehending these texts. Archetypal criticism, introduced by Carl Gustav Jung, is one good example of such new approaches to reading texts. Jung recognizes the most fundamental hero(ine)’s task as his (her) achievement of balanced mental and personality traits. In other words, according to Jung, hero(ine)’s primary task is to comprehend both his(her) conscious and the unconscious mind, and establish a balance between them. Hero(in)es are super humans who, having done the tests and completed the journeys, could attain an eminence far from the usual people. Having completed their journeys, the hero(in)es come to self-realization and individuation. Individuation (principium individuationis) or gaining self-perception is one of most important topics in our (Persian) literature and Jung has investigated this topic extensively. We consider the steps to Individuation and self-realization in Shahnameh of Ferdowsi based upon Jung’s ideas and viewpoints.

all kinds of artistic and literary creations of human related to gether in every period. In a comparative analysis of the artistic and literary creation of man in a period, the same stylistic features can be achieved. The extraction of common stylistic features Between different types of arts needs to Precision tools that examine all kinds of artistic and literary creations. The study of the performance of the two processes of selection and composition on the syntagmatic axis and paradigmatic axis is a tool that provides a comparative study of the style of all literary and artistic texts for the Researcher. In this paper, how the selection and composition the signals on the syntagmatic axis and paradigmatic axis in the poetry of famous poet of style known as Hindi, "Bidel Dehlavi" along with the Miniatures of the Gurkani Artists, is examined to extract Their common stylistic features from the perspective of Linguistics. The results of this study indicate the parallel functionof two selection and composition processes in frequency close to each other that the application of these two processes together lead to complications in Bidel poetry and Miniatures of the Gurkani Artists. In other words, just as Bidel has enunciated the ghazals, whose understanding of each bit depends on the reader's thinking and access to the poet's choices from the syntagmatic axis, the understanding of the meaning of the components used in the miniatures also also need access to the symbolic concepts Selected from the syntagmatic axis