شکوه ورعی

In the health care system, manpower recognized as a key factor for development, has an important role in community health. Ensuring the quality of service delivery necessitates the maintenance and enhancement of job satisfaction among service providers. One influential aspect of job satisfaction is the individual’s happiness. This study aimed to determine the correlation between job satisfaction and happiness among nurses working in hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

Methods & Materials:

 This descriptive-correlational study was conducted with a sample of 362 nurses from hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Sampling was performed using a quota sampling method. The data collection tools included a socio-demographic characteristics questionnaire, a Job Satisfaction Questionnaire, and a Happiness Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Kendall Tau-b correlation and Pearson correlation, with SPSS software version 26.

The mean score for nurses' job satisfaction was 217.40, while the mean score for happiness was 69.27, with both scores indicating an average level. The results of the study revealed a significant positive relationship between job satisfaction and happiness (r=0.614, P<0.05), indicating that happier nurses tend to have higher job satisfaction, whereas lower job satisfaction is associated with decreased happiness.

Nurses’ job satisfaction and happiness are not at optimal levels. However, a positive correlation between the two has been identified. Therefore, healthcare system administrators and officials should focus on creating essential infrastructure and planning initiatives to enhance nurses’ job satisfaction, ultimately fostering greater happiness among nursing staff.

High-risk behaviors are one of the challenges of adolescence and can become lifelong habits. Existing educational strategies in the prevention of high-risk behaviors have been challenged. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of peer education on the prevention of high-risk behaviors in adolescent girls. Done.

The present study is a randomized clinical trial. In this study, 120 girls from the south of Tehran were selected and then randomly assigned to the control and intervention groups. The tools used in this study were demographic questionnaire and high-risk adolescent behaviors 18 It was 15 years before the intervention and also 6 weeks after the intervention was completed by students. The test group received educational intervention for the prevention of high-risk behaviors by their peers twice a week for four sessions. SPSS version 16 were analyzed.

The results showed that before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the scores of high-risk behaviors in the experimental and control groups (P = 0.95); While after the intervention, the mean changes were -5.22 47 2.47 in the experimental group and -0.40 1 1.23 in the control group. The independent t-test showed; There were significant differences in high-risk behaviors between the experimental and control groups (P <0.001).

Based on the findings of this study, peer education has been effective in preventing high-risk behaviors in adolescent girls. Therefore, health policy makers and planners are advised to use this method to implement an effective educational program to promote adolescent health-related behaviors.

Nurses job satisfaction is one of the effective factors in improving the quality of nursing care. The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting job satisfaction of nurses who working in emergency departments in public hospitals, affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

This study was a cross-sectional study conducted in the emergency departments of 14 hospitals that affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The data collection tool, including a demographic questionnaire and a Herzberg Worksheet Satisfaction Questionnaire. The study sample consisted of 665 nurses working in the emergency department who entered the study by census method. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical tests (Mean ±SD and Chi square) and Version 18 SPSS software.

The Mean ±SD of job satisfaction in nurses (141.58±36.831) was moderate to low and the highest level of satisfaction in two dimensions, respectively, communication with colleagues and patients (48.3درصد) and job status (27.7%) and the lowest level of satisfaction were in two dimensions, salary and benefits (62.4درصد) and work situation (49.3%), respectively.

In all organizations, job satisfaction has been identified as an important factor in creating employee motivation, efficiency and responsibility. Job satisfaction in nurses, improve the quality of nursing care and reduce their retirement.

Progressive visual impairment is one of the problems that threatening the health of patients and has the negative effects on their abilities. This study aimed to explore the health concerns of patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP).

 A qualitative inductive approach was used. Eleven patients with RP, participated in this study in Iran. Patients were selected through purposeful sampling. Data collection was done through two methods of in-depth semi-structured individual interviews and field notes. Data analysis was performed using approach of conventional content analysis.

 The categories of "perceived health threat" and "perceived support needs", were extracted. The category of perceived health threat included sub-subcategories of "gradual decline in physical function", "sustained fluctuations in mental health", and "weakening of social capability". "need for socio-economic support", "need for educational support", "need for psychological support", and "need for a personal assistant" were extracted as sub-subcategories of perceived support needs.

 RP Patients faced with the problem of abilities impairment in various physical, mental, and social dimensions and need for support in society. So, to improve the health of these patients, members of the health group are suggested to develop a context-based wholistic care program through multidisciplinary cooperation.

Today, providing care with happiness is one of the aspects of holistic care and the role of nurses in providing services to patients is important. Therefore, in this study, the status of happiness and vitality in nurses working in Tehran University of Medical Sciences evaluated.

In this cross-sectional study, of nurses working at Tehran University of Medical Sciences who accept to participate voluntarily, after singed informed consent, we asked to answer questions about their general health and level of happiness. The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHI) and general health Questionnaire used. Finally, the relationship between the results of the OHI questionnaire and the demographic status of individuals assessed. The results analyzed by SPSS VER 24 software.

In this study, 189 nurses participated. There was no significant difference between the different levels of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire score with gender (P = 0.262), mean age (P = 0.599), place of work (P = 0.053), type of education (P = 0.755), type of employment, (P = 0.946), but a significant difference observed between different levels of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire scores and the mean score of the Mental Health Questionnaire. (P <0.0001)

Nursing managers should pay attention to the factors affecting nurses 'happiness and this issue requires for managers to pay attention to others factors.

One of the complications of diabetes is delayed wound healing. One of the common treatments for diabetic patients with coronary artery bypass graft surgery is coronary artery bypass surgery.

Regarding the healing effects of chamomile on wounds, a study was conducted to determine the effect of Matricaria recutita on coronary artery bypass graft surgery in diabetic patients.

This is a quasi-experimental study with control group. 60 diabetic patients referred to coronary artery bypass graft surgery were randomly divided into two groups of 30 intervention and control groups. From the second day after surgery, after removal of the endotracheal tube, the wound area of the patients in the intervention group was washed daily with betadine and dressed with M. recutita ointment. In the control group, only washing with betadine and dressing was performed. Intervention was performed up to 14 days after surgery. Wound healing was assessed on days 4, 7 and 14 postoperatively by the Bates-jensen scale.

The two groups were homogeneous in terms of demographic characteristics. The mean and standard deviation of the wound healing score between the two groups was calculated on the fourth days after the intervention (P = 0.75). There was no significant difference between the two groups on the fourth day after surgery, but 7 days after the intervention there was a significant difference in the mean and standard deviation of wound healing in both groups. Also 14 days after the intervention, there was a significant difference between the two groups with the Mann-Whitney U test (P = 0.002).

Chamomile ointment after at least one week of use can accelerate healing of coronary artery bypass graft surgery in diabetic patients.

 Bed sore is a complication that many patients suffer from. From the duties of nurses, care is at different levels of prevention. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of massage of olive oil and sweet almonds on prevention of bed sore in patients hospitalized in ICU. 

This study is a double-blind randomized clinical trial that was performed on 90 patients admitted to ICU Hospital in Maybod. Patients were selected by purposeful sampling and random blocked method in two groups of test and one control group. One week in the test groups on the areas to be massage once a day and every 3-1 ml of olive oil or sweet almonds, The usual skin care included a change in position every two hours and a wavy mattress. The control group received just the usual care of the skin. Data was collected using a demographic questionnaire and Braden's,  and data was analyzed by chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test and variance analysis test in SPSS software version16. .

In the olive oil group, 16.5%, in the sweet almond group 23.2% and in the control group 40% had bed sore. The incidence of bed sore in test groups was lower than the control group. 

The results showed that olive and sweet almond massage is effective in preventing bed sores.

Non-immune injections are a health pill that is a constant threat to patient's safety. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of multimedia training program on Golestan nurses' attitudes about safe injections. In this semi-experimental study, 50 nurses were enrolled in a hospital in Golestan University of Medical Sciences. A demographic and researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect information. The attitude questionnaire was completed before the intervention by nurses. A multimedia tutorial on safe injection for nurses was then implemented. Six weeks after the intervention, the attitude questionnaire was completed by nurses. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 16 and Paired T test. The results showed that the mean and standard deviation of nurses' attitude toward safe injections before training was 7.8±7.41 and 92.30±7.39, respectively. In other words, paired t-test showed a significant difference between nurses attitude before and after intervention (P<0.05). Based on the results, multimedia education contributed to the positive attitude of nurses towards safe injections. Therefore, it is recommended to reconsider the traditional nursing education method and to use a multimedia intervention that is cost effective and simple. It is used in the clinical setting.

Continuous clinical evaluations and necessary interventions based on their results have a certain effect on improving the educational process at all levels. Considering such effects, especially in nursing, we aimed to compare the 360-degree feedback in assessing the clinical skills of nursing students in Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. The present interventional study was conducted on the undergraduate Freshman nursing students of the 2014-2015 academic year (48 students) in Ardabil University of Medical Sciences in the burn ward of Fatemi Hospital in Ardabil City, Iran. The data gathering tool was a three-part researcher-made questionnaire for assessing clinical skills. Data analysis was performed in SPSS, using descriptive and inferential statistics, including Independent Samples t-test and Paired Samples t-test. In the present study, the total mean±SD scores of the traditional and 360-degree grading based on the score of 20 were 15.8±0.88 and 17.66±0.61, respectively. Moreover, the results of Independent Samples t-test indicated a significant difference between the two methods (P<0.031). According to the obtained results, the use of 360-degree feedback, considering its potential characteristics, can reduce the gap between theory and practice by involving coaches and nurses. Furthermore, this method can effectively reduce the aura errors and evaluation of students' taste by masters and trainers. In addition, it can provide students with more realistic scores in clinical settings and reflect their strengths and weaknesses.

Sleep disorders are one of the most important problems in patients with diabetes. The most commonly used method for treating sleep disorders is medication therapy. Therefore, it is important to perform an uncomplicated intervention to relieve sleep disorders in these patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of foot reflexology massage on the quality of sleep in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Arak city in 2017. This study was a simple randomized clinical trial performed on 54 women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients were randomly divided into control and intervention groups. Before the intervention, Pittsburgh sleep quality questionnaire was completed for both groups. In the intervention group, foot reflexology massage was performed for 8 sessions. After the intervention, sleep quality questionnaire was completed for both patients. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 24 by Mann-Whitney, Chi-square and T-test. Foot reflexology massage improved sleep quality in the intervention group (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the quality of sleep in the control group (P>0.05). Foot reflexology massage improved the sleep quality of women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Foot reflexology massage can be used as an effective intervention to improve the quality of sleep in these women.

Chemotherapy is one of the main treatment options for cancer patients. Nausea and vomiting are also the most common side effects of chemotherapy drugs. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of aromatherapy with peppermint essential oil on nausea and vomiting in the acute phase of chemotherapy (the first 24 hours) in patients with breast cancer. This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 100 women with breast cancer who were referred to the chemotherapy centers of Imam Khomeini Hospital on an outpatient basis for the first course. Patients were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Peppermint essential oil was used in the intervention group, while normal saline was used in the control group. Frequency and severity of acute nausea and vomiting in the first night after chemotherapy were recorded and compared using Rhodes standard questionnaire with a mean score of 0 – 32. FINDINGS: The two groups were not statistically different in terms of age, duration of cancer, history of alcohol abuse and history of nausea and vomiting. The mean score of nausea in the aromatherapy group was 1.1±1.02 and in the in the control group was 1.82±1.39 (p<0.014). The mean score of vomiting in the intervention group was 0.34±0.66 and in the control group was 0.66±0.97 (p<0.032). The results of this study showed that the use of aromatherapy with peppermint essential oil, along with the use of routine anti-nausea / vomiting drugs, can reduce nausea and vomiting in the acute phase of chemotherapy

The most common complication of peripheral intravenous catheter use is phlebitis. This study aimed to determine the effect of Arnebia Euchroma on the prevention of peripheral intravenous catheter-related phlebitis.
Methods & Materials: A double-blind randomized clinical trial done on 120 patients hospitalized in CCU and heart wards of Shariaty hospital in Tehran in 2017. The convenience samples were allocated into the two groups of control and intervention. After the insertion of an IV catheter (by sterile technique, in the site of upper limb without any signs of phlebitis), Arnebia Euchroma poultice for the intervention group and placebo poultice for the control group, was applied to the skin in the distal portion of IV catheter at 3×3 cm from the catheter insertion site. Then, this site was covered by sterile dressing. The patient was monitored every 12 hours by removing the dressing, and the poultice was applied again. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using the SPSS software.
The two groups were homogeneous in terms of age and sex, but were different in the number of hospitalization days. While no phlebitis was observed in the baseline, there was a significant difference between the two groups (42.37% for intervention group vs 0% for control group) at the hour of 12. By adjusting the effect of hospitalization days, the difference was still significant (P Arnebia Euchroma poultice was effective in the prevention of phlebitis. Thus, this poultice can be used when inserting a peripheral intravenous catheter.

Interview is one of the most common tools among many social and human researches, which has been increasingly taken into account in recent years by expanding the quality and integrative approaches. An interview is usually a deliberate pre-designed conversation about a specific topic in which at least two person are involved. The person who devise the interview questions is the interviewer and the one who answers the questions is the interviewee. In order to collect data in qualitative researches, the type of interview will be different according to the number of those involved in the interview, the spatial and temporal conditions, the research objectives, and characteristics of interviewees,. One type of interviews is an electronic interview, which is an alternative to the traditional method. This method can be used, like others, to examine the attitudes, opinions, beliefs, and experiences of individuals in the study. These interviews can be done simultaneously and asynchronous. In the simultaneous method, the interviewer communicates with the interviewees simultaneously. Telephone conversations, webcam use, and chat on social networks are some examples. Asynchronous interviews are those that interviewer and interviewee take part in an interview at different times. Emails, online communities and Bulletin Boards or social network sites are examples of interviews that are asynchronous(1).
Accordingly, these interviews can be ranged from structured to unstructured. For example, the researcher may send a series of questions through e-mail to the participants, or another researcher may conduct a semi-structured interview on the Internet, but it should be noted that the electronic interview also has advantages and limitations.
The benefits of electronic interview include issues such as long-distance removal, interview with people who are difficult to access, interview in the normal place of work or living with regard to their convenience, cost-effectiveness, saving information easily and quickly, deleting the impact of the presence of the interviewer and the privacy of individuals, and their anonymity (e-mail), interviewing vulnerable groups such as those infected with HIV, criminals, etc. Limitations of electronic interview included the reduced attention and concentration of participants, inability to use technology, insufficient Internet access, the problem of verifying the participant's identity and the lack of access to non-verbal reactions(2,3).
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One of the important challenges of electronic interviews is ethical considerations, which include the risk of disclosure of participant's information and how to obtain consent for participation in the study. This is more likely when interviewees are children, adolescents or people with mental problems. Another example is the inappropriate use of power to examine people's activities through technology without their consent, which is called Lurking; it is considered to be a violation of human privacy. However, during an e-mail interview, participants can easily ignore the collaboration. For this reason, there are rules and a set of norms for the usage of Internet and social networks,called netiquette, which combines the two terms of network and etiquette that both the interviewee and the interviewer should be familiar with them(4). Regardless of ethical considerations, one of the challenges is data validity issues and findings which are gathered through asynchronous interviews. How can researchers be sure who the true participants are? How can they ensure that the electronic responses attributed to the respondent are answered by him/her?
So, researchers should consider the benefits and limitations before using the new method in the interview. Then, they should assess their appropriateness to their research and then decide whether to use this method or not. Therefore, it is suggested to use face-to-face interviewing methods, if possible, then use electronic methods when there is a problem of the presence of the participants or distance. From electronic methods, it is better to use simultaneous and video interviews to establish interaction between the interviewer and the interviewee; otherwise, asynchronous interviewing methods should be used, such as e-mail, which may also be associated with unreliability to data collection. Today, information technology has entered almost every area of research, and interviews that are abundantly used by qualitative researchers are no exception. As noted, this method has its own advantages and disadvantages, which is inevitable in some cases. The authors of this letter have no claim to replace this method with face-to-face interviews, but according to today's conditions and technological advances, it is suggested as a complementary method, so an electronic interview can only be one of the forms of interview along with other methods for data collection. Electronic interviews may not be the best way to collect data in any circumstances, but given the increasing use of technology in social processes, as well as education and research, we hope that electronic interview will be a valuable option in the qualitative research toolbox. We hope this letter will be the first step to fulfill this wish and provide useful insights for researchers who may conduct future electronic interviews.

The mission of nursing care, in highest level of nursing standard, needs to consider the patients’ rights. Orientation with patients’ rights must be started from student time. This study shaped with the aim of comparing electronic and work shop education on knowledge of nursing student about patients’ rights.
This is a semi- experimental with two groups. With simple random 60 nursing students were chosen, and allocated in electronical and work shop education. Educational content about privacy and informed consent were taught to students in a four hour work shop. This content with compact disk were taught to electronical group. Before and after educational intervention, the level of knowledge were assessed with questionnaire and data were analyzed with SPSS software.
showed that after intervention, the mean level of knowledge were increased. But in the workshop group statistical meaningful (p=0.001)
Ethics and patient rights are one of the issues that have particular sensitivity, and needs to using special educational ways in order to attract the nursing students. Training workshop may be successful due to nature of educational environment and human interaction, while the lack of access to educational outcome with electronical education, may be because of lack of management in order to use of educational content. So educational workshop, due to effects of interaction between instructor and student can be effective in teaching some topics such as ethical issues.

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers that can affect women. Chemotherapy is one of the main treatment options for this disease. Despite the use of anti-emetic drugs, the incidence of this complication is reported between 21% and 35% .
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ear acupressure in relieving delayed nausea and vomiting among women with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy.
This study was randomized clinical trial conducted on 48 women with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy in Imam Khomeini and Hazrat Rasoul Akram hospital. Before chemotherapy and after obtaining informed consent, the patients were randomly allocated into intervention and control groups. Intervention group received routine medications for controlling nausea and vomiting as well as auricular acupressure. Meanwhile, the control group received only the routine medications. The data were gathered using demographic and Morrow Standard questionnaire; and were compared using statistical tests in the SPSS-21.
The results showed that using ear acupressure led to a decrease in the number and the intensity of nausea at delayed phases and this decrease was statistically significant (P=0/001). The effects of acupressure on the ear led to a decrease in the severity and number of vomiting at delayed phases, and this decrease was statistically significant (P=0/001). Acupressure application did not lead to any complications in the patients.
According to the results of this study, using auricular acupressure on points like, Shenmen, point zero, stomach, Brainstem, and cardiac can relieve nausea and vomiting at delay phase of chemotherapy. It is suggested that nurses use this pressure technique as a complementary, simple and non- invasive, treatment for relieving nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy.

Pay attention to the psychological aspects of diabetic patients is important and can be very useful in the process of treatment of them. Training is essential in these patients Peer education in facilitating and improving health and Create a Learning Atmosphere has many effects. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of peer education on diabetes quality of life.
In this randomized control trial study, 70 diabetic patients who were in Firoozgar hospital in Tehran were recruited using the convenience sampling method. The patients were assigned randomly into two control and intervention groups. Patients in the intervention group were trained by peers during the two sessions, but the patients in the control group received only routine education. Data were collected by demographic and diabetes quality of life questionnaire. Patient’s qualities of life were measured before the education and 2 months after the intervention. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data by SPSS.
Mean diabetes quality of life in both groups had no statistically significant before peer education (P:0.3). Mean of quality of life score in diabetic patients in intervention group was significantly different from control group at two months after the intervention. (P According to the results of this study, it seems that peer education in diabetic patients is effective to increase quality of life in these patients. So it is recommended to educate patients by using this approach.

Motivation is essential for increasing the quality of nursing education. This study aims to review published evidence on management of classrooms for unmotivated students.
An integrative review of evidence based on Broom protocol was conducted in three stages; literature search, data evaluation and data analysis. Databases of SID, Magiran, IranMedex, Irandoc, MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBSCO and CINAHL were all searched. The searched key words were classroom management, unmotivated, students, management style in classroom and instructional skill. Of 1464 full texts and abstracts identified 43 articles were chosen based on inclusion criteria. For data analysis, data extracted from primary sources, after comparing one by one, data were integrated, ordered, categorized and summarized.
there are variety of challenges and solutions for classroom management to boost student's motivation, which categorized in three themes: use of modern teaching methods, improve the learning environment and improve interaction and communication.
A new instructional strategy should be used for the improvement of classroom management to motivate unmotivated students.

Selecting education methods can help Instructors to use methods that are more effective for future nursing Programs. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of CD-based and traditional education on Nursing Students’ learning in Tehran University of medical sciences.
In this quasi-experimental study two case and control groups were selected. 38 nursing students (19 students in each group) who were passing community health nursing course 3 in 2012-2013 were divided equally into two groups of CD-based education and traditional education by using random allocation method. In the case group, the intervention consisted of delivering educational material using compact disc for 8 weeks. The other group received educational material by lecturing in the classroom at the same time. In both groups, final exam scores measured students’ learning 3 weeks after finishing the course. Two groups’ scores were compared by descriptive statistic as mean, standard deviation, independent T test, k square and Analysis of Covariance (Ancova) using spss version 16.
Based on the findings, mean and standard deviation of final exam scores in the case and control groups were M=13.70± 1.80 and 13.41 ± 1.85. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) test showed that Compact Disc -based education and traditional education had the same effect on the Nursing Students’ Learning (p value: 0.55).
According to the finding, Compact Disc -based education seems to be as effective as traditional education on the Nursing Students’ Learning. Therefore, with regard to the advantages of modern educational methods, it is recommended to be used in the blended method of educational programs.

Injection is one of the most common nursing procedures in nursing profession that requires compliance with specific standard of safety. The aim of this study is determination the effect of multi-media education program on knowledge and practice of nurses about injection safety.
Material & It was a quasi-experimental, one group (before and after) design. The census sample consisted of 50 nurses whom worked in Minoodasht, Hospital affiliated to Golestan University of Medical Sciences that had been. The tool for data gathering was knowledge questionnaire and observational practice checklist. The knowledge questionnaire completed by nurses before and six weeks after educational intervention and practice were observed using a checklist. The intervention was a two- week multimedia educational program. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and paired T test, using SPSS-PC (v.16).
The results showed that, the mean knowledge score, after intervention was significantly increased (P The results showed that multimedia educational program increased the knowledge and improved the practice of nurses about safe injection. As regards, the safe injection is one of the most important duties of nurses, so it is recommended that they use these strategies to enhance their clinical practice.

Approximately 75% of patients with cancer experience acute nausea and vomiting (24 hours after chemotherapy). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of auricular acupressure in relieving acute nausea and vomiting among women with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy. Methods & Materials: This study was a posttest only randomized clinical trial conducted on 48 women with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy in Imam Khomeini and Hazrat Rasoul Akram hospital. Before chemotherapy and after obtaining informed consent، the patients were randomly allocated into intervention and control groups. Intervention group received routine medications for controlling nausea and vomiting as well as auricular acupressure. Meanwhile، the control group received only the routine medications. The data were gathered using demographic and Morrow Standard questionnaire; and were compared using statistical tests in the SPSS-21. T he results showed that using auricular acupressure led to a decrease in the number and the intensity of nausea at acute phases (P=0. 001). Acupressure application did not lead to any complications in the patients. According to the results of this study، using auricular acupressure on Shenmen، Point zero، stomach، Brainstem، and cardia points can relieve nausea and vomiting at acute phase of chemotherapy. It is suggested that nurses use this pressure technique as a complementary treatment for relieving nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy.

Clinical nurses have a special opportunity to apply nursing models of evidence based approach. Using the models of evidence based nursing focuses on the importance of patients centered care models in order to provide quality care in the supportive environment for patient. This model provides a framework for nurses to take on the outcome of patient care and focus on the clinical decisions.
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of evidence based nursing practice based on IOWA model on nurse’s knowledge, attitude and practice working in endocrinology ward in 2011.
This study is Quasi experimental, with before and after design. The sampling method was census. Population was nurses who work in the endocrinology ward. At first knowledge and attitude of nurses were assessed with questionnaire and practice were assessed based on National and regional guideline of diabetic foot, with checklist. Evidence based nursing on IOWA model were taught and after three months the results of before and after intervention were compared. For data analysis the software of SPSS and descriptive and analytic statistics such, frequency, mean (SD), Kolmogorov- Smirnov and pair T test were used. P The results showed that Mean (SD) of nurse's knowledge about evidence based nursing before and after intervention was 10.73(2.72) and 14.89(0.93) respectively, the Mean (SD) of nurse's attitude about evidence based nursing before and after intervention was 63.47(9.89) and 73.89(8.11) respectively and Mean (SD) of nurse's practice based on IOWA model and clinical guideline before and after intervention was 19.10(2.94) and 26.05(2.48). The results indicated that nurses’ knowledge, attitude and performance were improved, and these differences was statistically meaningful (p In the structure of organization, based on evidence based, using IOWA model can helpnursesand nursing performance to reachindependence and give them accountability about their nursing care.

Nursing education should develop autonomy, critical thinking, open-mindedness and sensitivity to others. Reflection seems to be an effective strategy for developing such capabilities in nursing. Therefore, this narrative review study was carried out to explore reflection in nursing education. Using keywords like reflecting, reflection and nursing reflection, FarsiandEnglish articles published during 2000-2014 in scientific databases including Elsevier, Wiley, PubMedand Magiranwere extracted. 193 articles were extracted and their abstracts were assessed. After being checked for relevance, 120 unrelated articles were excluded and 0 articles related to reflection concept or reflection application in nursing education were chosen. Reflection is a process to reshape experience in order to improve learning and performance. Reflection outcomes are enhanced thinking ability and professional performance. Reflection designing principles consisted of objective determination, construct explanation, learning environment, giving feedback, and reflection evaluation. The most important methods of reflection were diaries, portfolios, multimedia devices, paintings and photos. Approaches for improving reflection in nursing education were implementation of reflection models and emphasis on the role of trainers in developing and applying reflection. An important component in the evolution of nursing educational system isthe persuasion of learners to think by applying practical strategies. Reflection is an active and fundamental educational method in the nursing field. Therefore, in order to utilize reflection, educational methods of traditional nursing education system need to be revised.

Cardiovascular diseases are the most common causes of death worldwide. Despite pharmaceutical therapies، coronary artery bypass graft surgery continues to be the first and best treatment strategy. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of peer education on anxiety in patients candidated for coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

In this randomized control trial study، 60 patients who were candidate for coronary artery bypass graft surgery in Shariati and Imam Khomeini hospitals in Tehran were recruited using the convenience sampling method. The patients were assigned randomly into two control and intervention groups. Patients’ anxieties in all patients were measured using the Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory in the admission day، five days and four weeks after surgery. The control group received routine education and the intervention group was trained by their peer. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data.

Anxiety scores in both groups were not different in the admission day (p=0. 8). Also differences in mean anxiety scores between the groups before surgery، five days and four weeks after surgery were statistically significant (p<0. 001).

Peer education to patients who are candidate for elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery can reduce anxiety. Therefore، it is recommended that، this educational approach used in the cardiac surgeries ward.

Title: the effect of orientation tour with angiography procedure on anxiety and satisfaction of patients undergoing coronary angiography Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death worldwide. Despite medical treatment، some patients require coronary angiography for diagnosis of coronary artery occlusion and this is the most definitive diagnostic procedure. Angiography large effect on patient’s anxiety and satisfaction with the treatment and care of patients are affected. This study aimed to the effect of orientation tour on anxiety and satisfaction of patient candidates for coronary angiography procedures. In this experimental study، 148 patients were recruited by convenience sampling. Patients allocated into two groups with block randomization. Patients in Intervention group، in addition to routine training، orientation tour in the angiography unit were taken too. Anxiety was measured in all patients during admission، before surgery and discharge time; the satisfaction was measured in discharge time too. Collection instrument was demographic data، Spielberger state trait anxiety inventory and the Visual Analogue Scale. Data were analyzed by Chi-square and independent t-test with SPSS Ver. 20. The mean anxiety scores between the two groups showed no significant difference (p=0/756). In the intervention group، anxiety scores were significantly decreased compared with the control group (p<0/001). The mean patient satisfaction score at discharge was higher in the intervention group than in the control group، this difference was statistically significant (p<0/001). Angiography orientation tour in patients candidate to coronary angiography reduce anxiety and increase patient satisfaction، therefore this educational approach in patients undergoing coronary angiography were recommended.