طاهره ازمشا

Today, consumer behavior has changed from traditional methods to online methods. However, the factors that may attract consumer visual attention online have yet to be studied. Therefore, using an eye-tracking approach, the current research investigated the effect of the vertical orientation of sportswear images on attracting customers' visual attention.

This research was designed as a semi-experimental study. Two critical factors, fixation count (FC) and total fixation duration (TFD), extracted the vision data of 32 participants purchasing Majid brand sportswear. Pupil capture and pupil player software were utilized to record and analyze research data. The extracted data were analyzed in the next step through repeated measure ANOVA.

The results showed that the vertical orientation of sportswear images affects customers' visual attention. In most cases, images without human models and in higher positions attract more visual attention than those in lower positions. The results have practical implications for website designers, online sellers, and sports marketers regarding the appropriate placement of products in website design.

Originality: 

This research investigates the effect of the vertical orientation of sportswear images on attracting the visual attention of customers in Iran using eye-tracking technology for the first time. This article can encourage sportswear businesses to evaluate the visual stimuli of their website design using eye-tracking studies. By catching customers' attention, they can develop and optimize their website design.

Parks and green spaces are the most important physical resources in order to promote physical activity among different strata of society. The current research aims to identify the factors affecting the effectiveness of women's parks in Khuzestan province with a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) approach. In the qualitative phase, a semi-structured interview with the participation of 15 experts and content analysis was used. The sampling method of choosing experts in the research was done in a purposeful way and by snowball method. in the quantitative stage; The researcher-made questionnaire was designed and validated in order to confirm the factors identified in the qualitative section and was distributed among the visitors of women's parks in the province, and finally 341 questionnaires were collected in person and electronically. In this section, in order to check the data, structural equations using partial least squares method were used. The results of this research in the qualitative phase included the identification of six main factors (security factors, environmental factors, social and cultural interactions, physical and beauty factors, sports and health factors, and human factors) in the better effectiveness of women's parks in the province. In the quantitative part, all factor loadings of the items were greater than 0.4, which indicated the appropriateness of this criterion. Also, the t value obtained for all items is more than 1.96, which indicates the significant effect of all items at the confidence level of 0.95. According to the geographical conditions of the province, it is suggested that city and sports officials, relying on the results of the present research; They should have a special view on the development of women's parks with a sports approach in order to provide the means for a healthy society and the growth of citizens in sports, cultural and social dimensions.

The study is to identify the challenges of inter-organizational partnership in sports in order to implement sports programs for development and peace. The research method was descriptive-analytical and applied in terms of purpose and Delphi technique was used to collect the data. 25 experts with executive positions in sports organizations were selected by targeted non-random methods, and Delphi's technique continued for up to 3 rounds to establish a theoretical agreement between them. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data and Kendall's W nonparametric test was used to examine the theoretical agreement between the experts. Finally, the research findings identified 22 challenges related to inter-organizational partnership in the implementation of sports programs for development and peace, the most important of which are the lack of a coherent organization for development and peace programs, costly and time consuming projects, Sports for development and peace, officials' distrust of the impact of sport on development and peace, lack of recognition of development and peace programs and lack of awareness among officials and employees of sports organizations about sports programs for development and peace. It is hoped that the country's sports authorities, using the results of this research, will provide the ground for the partnership of sports organizations in the implementation of sports programs for development and peace.

The aim of this study was to compare the criteria and design a pattern to select professional head coaches in football. The sample consisted of 1141 subjects including 379 coaches, 210 players, 38 managers, 130 sport journalists and 384 spectators who were selected using Krejcie and Morgan Table by interval method. The research methodology was descriptive-survey and a researcher-madequestionnaire was used to collect data; its content validity was examined through the viewpoints of university professors and football head coaches and its construct validity was examined through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis tests using SPSS and AMOS software. The value of KMO was at 0.73 and its reliability was equal to 0.87 with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. For data analysis, Friedman test was used to prioritize selective criteria. MANOVA analysis test was used to compare the subjects’ viewpoints and one-way ANOVA in the context of MANOVA was used to determine the location of the differences in MANOVA. The results showed a difference in the subjects’ viewpoints on prioritizing selective criteria. The most and least important criteria to select professional football head coaches were technical skills and work experience as a football player.

The aim of the present study, Developing The ethical workbook for athletes of the Federation of Wrestling of republic of Iran. The statistical population of the study consisted of members of the National Freestyle Freestyle and the Far East, wrestlers of the most prominent provinces, federation members, and pioneer wrestlers. The statistical sample of the targeted and available method is 117 people. 51 questions questionnaire measured tool researcher with factor 9 was. Validity of the questionnaire by 10 professors of sports management confirmed. Reliability of the questionnaire using cronbach's alpha obtained 0.947. In order to analyze the data from the statistical descriptive indicators, such as the mean and standard deviation of the distribution, frequency and % and were used. For status questions, and the concept of a single t-azazmon a sample as well as to prioritize the questions and test data from Friedman and to compare the questions, and the concept of ethical workbook from the independent t-test and analysis of variance were used. For factor analysis of structural equations manner,plc and spss24 software were used. Based on the results of all the dimensions of the concept of moral system in the 95% confidence level are meaningful And the size of their share of structure fitted up to have played a significant Among the factors affecting the ethical dimensions of the codification system to arrange the dimensions of justice, Human Dignity and Respect is the highest priority.

The aim of this study was to compare those factors affecting the equity of domestic and foreign sport brands. The study was a descriptive survey. 210 elite athletes in Ahvaz city were randomly selected as the sample using Morgan and Krejcie Table (N = 450). A researcher-made questionnaire was used. Its validity was measured and evaluated by a number of professors and its reliability was calculated as 0.91. SPSS software was used for descriptive and inferential analysis. The results of the comparison of the brand equity and the marketing mix of domestic and foreign sport brands showed that the amount of the equity of foreign brands and the amount of knowledge, expected quality and trying to buy them again were far more than domestic brands and also marketing mix (product, price, distribution and promotion) were more implemented in foreign brands. The most important factor of the foreign product's preference to the domestic product was the quality, hence the domestic sport manufacturers should promote their product quality higher or equal to its foreign model.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of motivation on the rate of participation elders in sport for all. The research methodology was correlative descriptive and was done by field study. The population was all male and female elders of Ahwaz; the number of whom was 49.558 based on 1385 census. The sample was chosen randomly 380 individuals. Measurement tools were individual characteristics questionnaire, and adjusted sports participation motivation questionnaire including 35 questions in the form of 6 small scales. Validity was calculated as kmo = 91% by sampling adequacy and reliability was calculated as 93% by chronbach's alpha. Data analysis was carried out by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that the most physical activities of elders were 1- 2 hours per week. Also, e enjoys and vitality for men and joy and health and fitness for women were the most important motivates for sport participation. There was a significant relationship between incentives for prevention and treatment, mental health and health and fitness and participation in communal sport. The results of multiple regressions showed that only health and fitness variable can predict participation rate in communal sport.

The purpose of the study is to examine the role of socio - economic status elders on the rate of participation in sport for all.

The research methodology is a kind of descriptive, correlational and field research. The population included all male and female elders of Ahwaz; of age based (N=49,555). The sample was chosen randomly (n=380). Data collection tools included individual characteristics inventory, balanced inventory of socio - economic status. Formal and content validity was examined by getting feedback from 10 professors from Physical Education. Reliability coefficient of the inventories calculated based on Coronbach's alpha were respectively 0.71.

The results showed that the most physical activities of elders was 1-2 hours per week. That among components of socio- economic status (p=0.31, r=0.06), life status (p=0.001, r=0.018), Health Status (p=0.20, r=-0/07), education (p=0.77, r=0.018), economic status (p=0.14, r =0.09), housing status (p=0.10, r=-0.10), employment status (p=0.94, r=-0.004) the only significant relation was between life status and the elders' sport participation.

The results of multiple regression showed that life status variable can forecast participation rate in sport for all. Based on the results of the present study, it is recommended that authorities and planners consider measures by providing urban infrastructures to promote citizens' especially elder citizens' participation in sport activities

The purpose of this research is to study the impact of strategic entrepreneurship on achieving competitive advantage in sports boards of Khuzestan province. The research method is analytical. The population consisted of president and vice president of the board, executive committee, and elite athletes (n = 80). This research was carried out between 2015 and 2016. The analytical sample was for the total number. For discussing the validity and reliability and presenting a structural model, PLS algorithm is used. The results showed a competitive advantage, but it was positively affected by indirect effects such as 0.06 percent entrepreneurial culture, and 0.01 entrepreneurial leadership through strategic mediator's office. This is while changing competitive advantage does not have a positive effect on entrepreneurial mindset mediation. As a result, due to the lack of a direct impact on the competitive advantage of strategic entrepreneurship and its direct impact through strategic office sources it could be said that the entrepreneurial dimension itself does not create a competitive advantage, but sport boards could benefit through entrepreneurial leadership and creating an entrepreneurial culture when creativity and innovation has become the strategic resources.

The aim of this study was to identify and rank the factors inhibiting the participation of elderlies in exercise. This research was descriptive-survey and Methods of data collection is library-field research that by examining the theoretical framework , 39 factors identified and were classified into six general categories. All were elderly population in Ahwaz. The sample size was determined randomly and by using of cochran formula (N=383). T significant coefficients model to determine the significance of the relationship between questions and related structures is provided using LISREL software. Note that all numbers are significantly higher than 1.96 in this model and the results of all questions considered relevant for the structural correlation was 4/0 , Finally measurement validity and reliability of the questionnaire, 91% were confirmed at 05/0. To analyze the data statistically AHP and TOPSIS method was used . The results indicate that from the perspective of the elderly among Inhibitory factor ,Social and cultural factors with coefficient ratio (.0146) have highest ranking. Individual characteristics and personality factor with coefficient ratio (.0209) have lowest ratio inhibiting Factors participation in. It seems that more attention and understanding of trainers and other health professionals in Planning appropriate interventions can reduce the problems of elderly exercise.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise on group cohesion ethics basketball and women's futsal teams took place in Ahwaz. This is the objective. The study population included all women's teams for basketball and football athlete of the city of Ahwaz. See, for example, the study of which 118 cases were identified. In order to collect data from three questionnaires to measure individual Aslaat Sports Ethics Questionnaire (ITCSQ) by Dyvdsvn et al (2006) was written. In addition to sports teams measure group cohesion questionnaire and Bravly Wade Meyer (1985) based on cognitive model of Caron (1982) was used. Analytics data collected for the Pearson correlation test using spss software and structural equations approach using AMOS software to check and test the research hypotheses were examined. The results showed a commitment to ethical values with a correlation coefficient 0/25 direct and positive relationship with group cohesion sports teams there. Structural equation modeling results showed that athletes with coefficient values Route 0/89 and the critical ratio (CR) 3/69 Tasyrdard on group cohesion.

The aim of this study was to rank the facilitators of participation of the elderly in physical activity. This research was descriptive-analytical and method of data collection was survey-field. Statistical population consisted of all elderly of Ahvaz city in 2014. The sample size was determined as 383 subjects. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. Its validity was assessed using diagnostic validity usingAVE index. Minimum value for AVE was calculated as 0.67. Reliability was assessed using construct reliability. Minimum value of CR was 0.86. The Cronbach alpha (α=0.91) showed the reliability of this questionnaire. Finally, TOPSIS technique was used to rank facilitators of participation of the elderly in physical activity in Ahvaz city. The findings showed that among the facilitators of participation in physical activity, environmental and facility factor (Ci = 0.8548) had the first position and financial and economic factor (Ci = 0.4479) had the lowest rank from the elderly's viewpoint. Due to the growing population of the elderly and according to these results, it seems that the physical activity problems of the elderly can reduce through more attention and deep understanding of the trainers and other health professionals in designing appropriate interventions.

The purpose of this study was the influence of micro and macro level indicators on sports participation. This practical study has been implemented through applied field method. The first statistical population was all the 99 gyms, swimming pools and stadiums that belong to Ahvaz Department of Sport and Youth and other governmental offices. The second statistical population was 66135 individuals who use the sport facilities. The statistical sample of both populations, were selected among 86 sport arenas and 384 individuals by using Morgan table. Data collecting method was researcher’s questionnaire. Regression model with random coefficients was used for analysing data and testing hypotheses from descriptive statistics and inferential statistical and ANOVA model with random effects was used in HLM6 software. The results showed that at the micro-level related to sport infrastructures, the elements such as information and services, healthcare and maintenance, parking design, aesthetic, safety, control and monitoring, proximity and positioning, access to sport complex affect people’s sports participation. At the individual indicators of micro level, respectively, income, education level and at the macro-level, swimming pool and multipurpose gym are the most important variables for participation. Generally speaking, according to the findings, at the macro-level by improving sports infrastructure and at the micro-level by increasing education and income levels, sports participation will be increased­.

The aim of this study was to determine those factors affecting domestic sports brand equity using structural equation modeling. This research was a descriptive survey. 210 elite athletes of Ahvaz city were randomly selected using Krejcie and Morgan Table (N=450). A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. Its validity was measured by a number of experts in the field and its reliability was calculated as 0.89. For descriptive analysis of data, SPSS software was use and for inferential analysis, structural equation modeling using AMOS software was applied. The most influential path of model was the effect of perceived quality on brand loyalty (path coefficient=0.91). The results showed that the marketing mix (product, price, place, promotion) were influential on three dimensions of brand equity (awareness / brand associations, perceived quality and brand loyalty). These three dimensions influenced each other and the brand equity. Therefore, quality product, expected price, a larger advertising and suitable distribution locations have an important share in elevating domestic sports brand equity.

The purpose of this study has been investigating the relationship between authentic leadership and organizational trust among the employees of Khuzestan Province Sport and Adolescent Organization. The research method is descriptive correlational method. Its statistical universe is all personnel of Khuzestan Sport and Adolescent Organization in 2014-2015 (n = 145). Statistical sample has been determined according to Morgan table (n=120)and through simple random sampling. Measurement instruments of data was Olive Standard Authentic Leadership Questionnaire (2007), and Cummings Organizational Trust Inventory (1996); the content validity of questionnaires has been confirmed by 12 sport management professors, and their reliability has been analyzed through a preliminary study on 30 subjects, which Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient were determined respectively 0.88 and 0.84 respectively. Descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson Correlation Coefficient, Stepwise and Multiple Regression) have been used to data analyze. Research results indicated that there is relationship of 0.59 between authentic leadership and organizational trust; moreover, the result of stepwise regression indicated that authentic leadership predict and explain 0.37 changes in organizational trust. It is possible that authentic leaders, through positive social interaction with their followers, make their employees more enthusiastic toward doing their job, and even experience more positive emotions. Authentic leaders increase employee's trust and respect by being conscious, being honest, decision making on the basis of internal ethical standards, and ability to realistic analyze.

The purpose of this research is to define and develop the criteria for the selection of the head coach of Iran’s national football team and to determine the extent to which such criteria are important. The study consisted of 627 participants who included 379 coaches, 210 players and 38 managers. The research method of this study was of descriptive-survey type and the research tool was a researcher made questionnaire. The content and face validity of the questionnaire was examined and reliability with Cronbach's alpha coefficients at (0.87) were estimated.
The Results showed that the selection criteria of the head coach of Iran’s football team from the participants’ point of view include: 1. Technical skills, 2. Personality characteristics, 3. Communication and Social skills, 4. Managerial skills, 5. Personal characteristics, 6. Psychological skills, 7. Coaching vision, 8. Background as coach, 9. Background as football player.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and health conditions of Multi purposes sport halls in Ahvaz and its relation with the occurrence of sports injuries. This is a correlative descriptive study whose statistical population was Multidisciplinary sports halls (N=43) and their users (N=4300). Due to the low number of Halls, we used census sampling and the halls sizes were set equal to population size. But the number of consumers in the sample size was estimated about 354 persons through Morgan tables and using a random sampling method. The tool for data collection was check lists and self administered questionnaires for sports injuries. The validity of questionnaires was confirmed by professors in physical education faculty of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. The reliability calculated by Cranach’s alpha for the checklist was (α=0.81) and for sports injury questionnaire was (α=0.87). To analyze data, descriptive and inferential statistics (Spearman correlation) were used. The results suggested that the multipurpose Halls of Ahvaz city in the components related to safety of structures have about 47.9% safety, in the components related to the safety of the audience and the podium and coatings 47.4% safety and for the components related to safety equipment sporting and 63.9% have safety. The halls have utility about 47.6% in health. According to the results, it is suggested to officials to consider points such as comments of physical education specialists in building halls and also tries to promote safety by monitoring equipment in the sports halls.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of proximity characteristics and access sports places on sports participation to separate the eight districts in Ahvaz. This practical study has been implemented through applied field method. The first statistical population was all the 99 gyms, swimming pools and stadiums that belong to Ahvaz Department of sport and youth and other governmental offices. The second statistical population was 66135 individuals who use the sport facilities. The statistical sample of both populations, were selected among 86 sport arenas and 384 individuals by using Morgan table fitness Sport places and of the population in each region were selected. Data collection, a questionnaire in three parts: demographic characteristics, characteristics proximity, access and participation in sport (α=/87) was adjusted. Regression model with random coefficients was used for analysing data and testing hypotheses from descriptive statistics and inferential statistical was used in HLM6 software. The results showed that the characteristics proximity and access sports Places and the number sports places of people are effective on sports participation and the impact factor regions four and two more in the other regions and regions six and five less than in other regions. In generaland according the findings of the study, the sports facilities and infrastructure more and better standards of accessibility and proximity provide citizens be placed, their athletic participation, will increase.

Approaching to enter the university is essential to consider as a place for knowledge learning for community، youth and families development. It seems in this regard، considering the motivation of volunteers for entering the university is especially important. The aim of the present study was to analyze the motivating factors of volunteers to enter the field of Physical Education and Sport Sciences at university. Statistical population was all volunteers entering the field of P. E at university in 2011 from the three provinces of Khuzestan، Ilam and Lorestan of Iran (N= 1310 subjects). Sample size included 302 subjects using Table Krjsy and Morgan using random sampling. Data gathering tool was a questionnaire included 24 questions. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained 0. 81 through Cronbach''s test. Data analysis performed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Results showed that the individual factors، social and occupational factors are the most important motivating factors for volunteers to enter the field of physical education and sports science in university. There were significant differences between the perception of male and female volunteers in individual factors but no significant difference were found between the social and occupational factors between male and females perception. According to the research findings، it can be concluded that considering motivation of volunteers for entering the University is essential. Because it can be increase the effectiveness and efficiency of students in the future through regarding these factors.

Staff’s empowerment is one of the most effective techniques for optimum use of their potentials and abilities to achieving organizational goals. The goal of this research was studying the effect of in-service training courses on empowerment of physical education training. The statistical society of this research was all women and men physical education training in 3 levels of primary، secondary and high school in Ahvaz city (N= 398)، that statistical sample was determined by using of Morgan table (n=200) This research is descriptive-corrolational type and was conducted by field research. For data collection has used of Naderi empowerment adjustment questionnaire (2007). In addition to، formal and contend verifying of questionnaire that certified by masters of physical education faculty، also، verifying of questionnaire structure has done by using of exploratory factor analysis and varimax gyration (KMO=0. 882). The questionnaire stability reported (0. 987) in kronbakh alpha method. The data analysis has done by using of kolmogroph-smearof test، Freidman test، multiple regression analysis (α=0. 05). The result of research shows، generally، there is a positive and significance relation between (r=0. 16، sig=0. 003). in-service training courses had the most effect on the dimensions of (Responsibility، competition، choosing strategy and learning) and there is multiple relation between different dimensions of empowerment with in-service training courses. In addition just، research dimension (p=0. 001، t=3. 39) is qualified for prediction of on duty training courses of physical education trainers. Also، the amount of empowerment increasing on effect of in-service training courses between women trainers was more than men trainers. Also، results of multiple regression showed among several in service training،especialcoursesare most predictive for teacher’s empowerment