عباس حسنی

Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is an annual herbaceous plant belonging to the mint family (Lamiaceae). Its fresh and dried leaves and essential oils are used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. In recent years, the use of symbiosis with plant beneficial rhizospheric microorganisms including rhizobacteria and endophytic fungi has been considered as a cost-efficient and sustainable strategy to alleviate the adverse effects of environmental stresses such as salinity. Therefore, the present study was conducted in the research greenhouse of Urmia University. It evaluated the effect of inoculation with growth-promoting microorganisms on some growth, physiological, and phytochemical characteristics of basil plants under salt-stress conditions. This research was conducted as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications. The experimental factors were inoculation with microorganisms at three levels (control without inoculation, inoculation with Serendipita indica, and inoculation with a mixture of Pseudomonas areuginosa, P. putida, and P. fluorescens) and salinity stress at four levels (0, 40, 80 and 120 mM of NaCl). For inoculation, the germinated seeds were separately inoculated with S. indica suspension (5×105 spores per ml) and inoculum containing a mixture of Pseudomonas bacteria (1.61×109 cells per ml) and planted in prepared pots. The pots were irrigated with ordinary tap water until the plants were eight-leafed, and from this stage onwards, salinity stress treatments were applied by dissolving different concentrations of NaCl in the irrigation water and continued until the full flowering stage. In the full flowering stage, plant samples were collected and root colonization percentage by fungus, growth parameters (plant height, stem diameter, number and total length of lateral branches, leaf number and area, inflorescence length, fresh and dry weight of leaf and stem), leaf relative water content (RWC), photosynthetic pigments, concentration of leaf nutrients (N, P, K, Na and Cl), essential oil content and yield were evaluated. For essential oil extraction, shade-dried samples were hydro-distilled using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The results showed that due to salinity stress, the percentage of root colonization by S. indica, growth parameters, RWC, photosynthetic pigments, essential oil content, yield, N, P, and K content, and K/Na ratio decreased while Na and Cl content increased. In addition, all evaluated parameters in inoculated plants were higher than in non-inoculated plants except Na and Cl content. The highest and lowest rates of growth parameters, RWC (74.47 and 72.39%), essential oil yield (0.23 and 0.17 ml/pot), and N content of leaves (1.36 and 1.14%) were obtained in plants inoculated with S. indica and non-inoculated plants, respectively. The highest and lowest amounts of chlorophyll a (0.87 and 0.74 mg/g fw), chlorophyll b (0.41 and 0.37 mg/g fw), essential oil percentage (1.24 and 1.05%), K content (5.15 and 3.97%), P content (0.29 and 0.24%) and the K/Na ratio (10.05 and 4.07), were observed in plants inoculated with a mixture of Pseudomonas bacteria and non-inoculated plants, respectively. Also, the lowest Na (1.34%) and Cl (2.93%) accumulation was observed in plants inoculated with Pseudomonas bacteria and S. indica fungus, respectively. According to the results of this study, the use of plant growth-promoting microorganisms (S. indica fungus and a mixture of Pseudomonas bacteria) can alleviate adverse effects of salinity stress on the growth and essential oil production of the basil plant by increasing the absorption of water and nutrients, preserving photosynthetic pigments and reducing the accumulation of toxic ions.

Every dynamic organization, in order to advance its goals, needs to use the appropriate facilities and equipment after the human resource factor. FARAJA is also not an exception of this due to various missions, regarding the use of capital items in administrative departments, public support, etc., and it faces countless challenges in terms of safety, quality and satisfaction; therefore, to solve this problem, it is necessary to examine the aspects of standardization in five groups of capital items in FARAJA and determine its requirements.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the management factors affecting the quality of ready services (capital items) of Imam Hassan Mojtaba University of Officer and Police Training with a descriptive-survey method and through questionnaire and field study. The statistical population of the study including vice presidents and heads of departments and administrative and support officials of the university is 65 people, and the whole-number method was used. The aforementioned questionnaire was compiled and implemented using a Likert scale, consisting of 32 questions based on hypotheses and main and sub-components, and its reliability was 0/94 and ''T Tak'' test was used for analyzing data and conclusion.

The results show that there is a significant relationship between planning and the quality of capital goods preparation services. The amount of beta coefficient (influence) of planning on the quality of ready service of capital items is 0/899. There is a significant relationship between the organization and the quality of capital goods preparation services. The amount of beta coefficient (influence) of organization on the quality of ready services of capital items is 0/910. There is a significant relationship between decision-making and the quality of capital goods preparation services. The amount of beta coefficient (influence) of decision-making on the quality of ready services of capital items is 0/932 and there is a significant relationship between control (monitoring) and the quality of capital goods preparation services. In addition, the amount of beta coefficient (influence) of control (supervision) on the quality of capital goods preparation service is 0/898.

The purpose of this research is to compare the performance of male and female athletes on adaptive time prediction and simultaneously performing a cognitive task in two difficult and easy levels. The current research method is semi-experimental with two experimental groups. The statistical population of this research was formed by two groups of young women (age range 18-25 years) and young men (age range 18-25 years) of the University of Officer and Police Training, from among whom 16 people were selected as available. The tool used in the research is the adaptive predictive scheduling device (ATC). The test includes the implementation of an adaptive prediction timing task in a block of ten attempts and the simultaneous implementation of a secondary cognitive task (countdown in two difficult and easy levels). At the end, the average absolute error of the person is measured. The statistical method of research is independent T and paired T, which data analysis was done using SPSS version 24 software. The results of the research showed that there is no significant difference between the two groups of boys and girls, in addition, there is no significant difference between the results of hard boys with an average of 0.45 and easy boys with an average of 0.35, and also hard girls with an average of 6963. 0 of the easy-girls with an average of 0.4250 had a weaker performance.

In this study, the comparison of social capital, sports orientation and recreational participation in male and female students of Amin University was discussed.

The research is applied in terms of purpose. The data were surveyed through standard questionnaires of fishing social capital (2008), sports orientation of Kyle et al. (2005) and recreational participation of Gail (1993) which were provided to the research samples after validity and reliability. The statistical population includes all male and female students of Amin Naja University of Law Enforcement Sciences in the amount of 3742. Morgan table was used to determine the sample size and the simple sampling method was 351 people. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics (statistical indices of centripetal orientation and dispersion) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient test, multiple regression and independent t-test) were used. Data were analyzed at the level of p≥0.05 and performed with SPSS 24 software.

The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between social capital, recreational participation and sports orientation in male and female students.

Therefore, by strengthening each of the dimensions of social capital (trust, network and common norms, cooperation and mutual cooperation, collective cohesion and solidarity, empathy and mutual understanding and collective identity), the sports orientation of individuals can be strengthened. It also increased the level of recreational participation of individuals in sports activities so that similar organizations could rely on sports activities to improve the performance of their human resources.

The present study studied the relationship between social capital, sports orientation and recreational participation of Amin University students.

The research is applied in terms of purpose. Data were collected through surveys through standard questionnaires of social capital, sports orientation and recreational participation. The statistical population of the study was Amin University students in 1399, 351 of whom were selected by simple random sampling. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression tests.

The research findings showed that there is a significant relationship between social capital, sports orientation and recreational participation and some of their dimensions. Among the dimensions of social capital and sports orientation, empathy and mutual understanding and victory-orientation have the highest correlation and trust and victory-orientation have the least correlation. Among the dimensions of social capital and recreational participation, collective identity and attraction have the most correlation and trust and focus on lifestyle have the least correlation, and also among the dimensions of sports orientation and recreational participation, attraction and competition have the most correlation and concentration. They have the least correlation with lifestyle and victory.

By strengthening each of the dimensions of social capital, it is possible to strengthen the sports orientation of individuals and also to increase the level of recreational participation of individuals in sports activities.

Piriformospora indica is one of the growth-promoting microorganisms that can stimulate growth and increase plant tolerance in adverse environmental conditions. To evaluate the effects of P. indica inoculation on some vegetative, physiological, biochemical, and nutrient acquisition parameters and essential oil content of Origanum vulgare L. ssp. vulgare, a pot experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. Treatments included control (without inoculation) and inoculation with P. indica. The results showed that inoculation with P. indica increased growth parameters, chlorophyll index, total phenols and total flavonoids content, essential oil content, and nutrients uptake of iron, potassium, and phosphorus singnificantly. The highest and lowest amounts for aerial parts fresh yield (3.92 and 3.06 g plant-1), aerial parts dry yield (1.12 and 0.78 g plant-1), chlorophyll index (47 and 42.23), total phenol (4.88 and 2.96 mg GAE g-1 FW), total flavonoids (0.52 and 0.23 mg QE g-1 FW), essential oil content (1.43 and 1.01%), phosphorus (0.41 and 0.35%), potassium (3.8 and 2.6%), and iron (219 and 180 mg kg-1) were obtained in the plants inoculated with fungus and non-inoculated plants, respectively. Inoculation with P. indica decreased the amount of major essential oil compounds such as carvacrol and thymol and increased the amount of ρ-cymene, carvacrol methyl ether, and γ-terpinene compared to the control. Overall, the findings of this study showed that inoculation with growth-promoting microorganisms can improve the morphological and phytochemical traits of oregano by improving nutrients uptake.

To evaluate the effect of Piriformospora indica and Pseudomonas fluorescens inoculation on some growth and physiological parameters and nutrient acquisition of sage (Salvia officinalis) under salt stress conditions, a pot experiment was conducted in factorial based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The treatments included inoculation with microorganisms at three levels (non-inoculation and inoculation with P. indica and P. fluorescens) and salinity stress at four levels (0, 25, 50 and 100 mM of NaCl). The results showed that salinity stress and inoculation with microorganisms had significant effect on the measured parameters, so that by increasing salinity concentration, percentage of root colonization by P. indica,growth paramaters, leaf relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll index (SPAD), essential oil conten and yield, N, P and K content and K/Na ratio decreased while Na and Cl content increased. The amounts of all evaluated parameters in fungi and rhizobacteria inoculation were more than non-inoculation treatments except for Na and Cl content. The highest and lowest of dry herb yield (29.61 and 13.51 g pot-1), RWC (82.45 and 54.83%), chlorophyll content (35.36 and 26.1), essential oil content (2.02 and 1.37%), essential oil yield (0.049 and 0.017 ml plant-1) and P content (0.41 and 0.10%) were observed in non-stress conditions+ P. indica inoculated plants and 100 mM salinity+ non-inoculated plants, respectively. Overall, the findings of this study showed that plant growth-promoting microorganisms inoculation can ameliorate the adverse effects of salinity stress on growth, yield and essential oil production in sage by maintaining chlorophyll content and improving water and nutrient uptake.

Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the fam. lamiaceae that is used as a spice for flavoring foods and also for medicinal purposes as carminative, diaphoretic, expectorant, sedative, stomachic, diuretic, antitussive, and antirheumatic. To evaluate the effects of salinity stress on some growth and physiological parameters, essential oil content, and nutrients absorption in two oregano subspecies, a factorial pot experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. The experimental factors included two subspecies of oregano (ssp. vulgare and ssp. gracile) and salinity stress at four levels (0, 25, 50, and 100 mM of NaCl). The results showed that the salinity stress had a significant effect on the measured parameters. With increasing the salinity level, the growth characteristics (plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, and dry matter yield), leaf relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll index (SPAD), percentage and essential oil yield, N, P, and K content and K/Na ratio in leaves and roots decreased, while Na and Cl content in leaves and roots of both subspecies increased. The two subspecies response to the different levels of salinity stress was different. The higher Na accumulation in the roots and higher K/Na ratio in the leaves compared to the roots indicated the ability of oregano subspecies to limit the transfer and accumulation of Na+ ions in their shoots. Overall, the findings of this study showed that the ssp. vulgare had higher tolerance to the salinity stress than ssp. gracile due to the less accumulation of Na and Cl ions, higher K/Na ratio, and lower reduction in chlorophyll index and dry matter yield.

Salinity is a major environmental stress that limits plant growth and productivity in Iran. Olive (Olea europea L.) is one of the most valuable and widespread fruit trees in the Mediterranean area. In the last years, the surface of olive orchards has increased considerably in Iran. Furthermore, cultivars used in these orchards are often foreign and little is known about their behavior under Iran climate conditions, especially about their tolerance to salinity. Hence, in order to study the effects of NaCl salinity on some morphological and physiological properties of one-year-old rooted cuttings of two olive cultivars (Mission (a foreign cultivar) and Mary (one of the most important Iranian cultivars)), a pot experiment was conducted in factorial based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications. Saline treatments were imposed by irrigation with water containing 0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mM of NaCl. The results showed that NaCl salinity has significant effects on the parameters. The plants grow parameters (plant height, number and area of leaves, number and length of axillary shoots, stem diameter, fresh and dry weight of leaves and stems, dry weight of root) were decreased by increasing of NaCl concentration in irrigation water. Relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll content and leaf potassium concentration were decreased as well. However, converse effect was found in proline, total soluble sugars (TSS), and concentration of Na and Cl in leaves. Overall, the findings of this study showed that cv. Mission because of higher potassium concentration, chlorophyll content and RWC, higher accumulation of proline and TSS and lower concentration of Na and Cl in leaves was more resistant to salinity than cv. Mary.
 
Keywords: Growth parameters, Olive (Olea europea), Proline, Relative water content, Salinity

Many studies have been conducted on the role of essential elements in various aspects of medicinal plant production. However, the role of silicon (Si) as a quasi-essential or beneficial element in the growth and development, quantity and quality of essential oil of many medicinal plants is unknown. In this regard, different concentrations of silicic acid including 0 (control), 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 mg l-1 were added to the standard Hoagland and Arnone nutrient solution, and morphophysiological reactions and secondary metabolites production of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) were evaluated in soilless cultivation (hydroponic system). The fresh and dry weight of leaves and roots increased with the addition of Si to the nutrient solution compared to the control. The percentage of biomass changes varied depending on the concentration of Si, so that the plant fresh weight at 125 mg l-1 of Si increased by 41% compared to the control (without Si). However, the percentage of essential oil (fresh materials) in plants fed with Si increased significantly compared to control. Accordingly, the percentage of essential oil in different Si concentrations including 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 mg l-1 were 0.16, 0.21, 0.31, 0.33, 0.34 and 0.34(%), respectively. The reaction of lemon balm essential oil compounds to Si also indicated the important role of this element in the quality of the essential oil produced. The highest amounts of geraniol (21.27%) and citral (58.71%) were obtained in concentrations of 50 and 125 mg l-1 of Si, respectively. Also, the most important main compounds in various concentrations of Si (mg l-1) included citral+geraniol (Conc.0), citral+neryl (Conc.25), citral+linalool (Conc.50), citral+caryophyllene oxide (Conc.75), citral+geranyl acetate (Conc.100) and citral+geranyl (Conc.125). Based on the results of the experiment, Si as a beneficial element has a significant effect on the growth and development parameters, yield, and quality of essential oil of lemon balm.

Mullein (Verbascum L.) is a biennial herbaceous medicinal plant belonging to the Scrophulariaceae family. The flowers of this plant are used to treat respiratory disorders. In this study, the genetic diversity of different mullein species from different regions of West Azerbaijan province was investigated based on some phytochemical markers to domesticate this valuable plant. Phytochemical diversity among different species of mullein was evaluated based on the content of carotenoid, beta-carotene, total phenol, total flavonoid, and antioxidant activity (by FRAP and DPPH methods), and identification of phenolic compounds (gallic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, coumaric acid, quercetin, cinnamic acid, and apigenin) by HPLC in leaf. The results showed that all phytochemical characteristics studied were significantly different among species (P<0.01). The highest content of carotenoid (76.27 mg g-1 DW), beta-carotene (5.88 mg 100g-1 DW), total phenol (32.83 mg GAE g-1 DW), total flavonoid (7.13 mg QE g-1 DW) and antioxidant activity by DPPH method (34.66 µg AA mL-1) was observed in V. sinuatum. The results showed that V. erianthum leaves had the highest content of chlorogenic acid, quercetin, cinnamic acid, and apigenin, while the highest content of gallic acid and caffeic acid was observed in V. saccatum. In general, the findings of this research showed that there was a wide variation of mullein species in West Azerbaijan province. Species V. erianthum and V. saccatum had unique phytochemical properties that can be used to design breeding programs and use them in the pharmaceutical industry.

This paper studies the effects of static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) on synchronous generator conventional loss of field (LOF) protection. To accomplish a comprehensive study, a typical and realistic excitation system is considered for the generator by using the phase-domain generator model available in the real-time-digital-simulator. Using such a system, LOF phenomenon is realistically studied in accordance with IEEE Standard C37. 102-2016, and the generator dynamics along with the LOF relay performance are investigated through different types of complete and partial LOF failures. It is shown that STATCOM presence can cause two major impacts on the LOF protection; i) It imposes an additional time delay on the relay performance to detect the LOF failures, while the amount of such a time delay is dependent on the generator initial loading and the type of LOF failure, and ii) It might lead the generator to reach a new stable operating point (NSOP) during change-over from AVR to MVR mode. Both impacts and the related consequences are discussed in the paper and some solutions are suggested to deal with the probable negative aspects. The solutions comprises 1) employing an overloading relay to avoid thermal impacts on the stator windings and 2) employing an alarming scheme to avoid the undesirable effects, that the generator may experience during prolonged under-excitation operation in the probable NSOPs.

Plant polyphenolic compounds have long been of interest to researchers due to their antioxidant and possibly anti-cancer effects. In this research, in order to study the phytochemical diversity of 32 wild populations of Salicornia iranica Akhani grown around Lake Urmia, some traits including the content of chlorophyll, carotenoids, total phenol, total flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity were measured in the Department of Horticultural Science, Urmia University in 2016. The results revealed a wide range of phytochemical diversity among populations studied. The highest amount of total chlorophyll (12.05 mg/g fw) was observed in "Karkhaneh Maseh" population, while the lowest value (0.84 mg/g fw) was found in "Ghoshchi I" population. The highest (10.41 mg gallic acid/g fw) and lowest (3.7 mg gallic acid/g fw) amount of total phenol were observed in "Ghoshchi II" and "Karkhaneh Maseh" populations, respectively. Also, "Dashkhaneh" and "Aji Chai river" populations had the highest (2.12 mg quercetin/g fw) and lowest (0.18 mg quercetin/g fw) total flavonoids, respectively. The extract antioxidant capacity of different populations varied in the range of 3.16% ("Aji Chai river" population) to 70.89% ("Myghitalou" population). Cluster analysis divided the populations studied into three groups. The highest genetic distance was found between populations "Aji Chai river" and "Myghitalou". Overall, the findings of this experiment showed that the studied Salicornia iranica populations had a high diversity, especially from the viewpoint of antioxidant capacity, which can be used in the germplasm management and plant breeding of the species.

To study the effect of different levels of drought stress on growth, yield and some physiological and phytochemical characteristics of oregano (Origanum vulgare L. ssp. gracile), a pot experiment, in a randomized complete design with four treatments and five replications, was conducted. Drought stress treatments were 100% (non-stress), 80%, 60% and 40% of field capacity. The results showed that drought stress had significant effect on growth parameters, dry herb yield, leaf relative water content (RWC), total phenol and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, a, b and total chlorophyll content, essential oil content and yield. There was no significant difference between drought stress treatments for carotenoids. As the soil water content decreased, plant height, stem diameter, number and length of axillary shoots, dry herb yield, RWC, a, b and total chlorophyll content and essential oil yield decreased, but total phenol and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity and essential oil content increased. Despite the decrease in dry herb yield, the difference between 80%, 60% and 40% treatments was not significant. The highest essential oil content (1.54 ml/100 g DW) was observed in 60% of field capacity and the highest amounts of total phenol (5.21 mg gallic acid/g FW), total flavonoid (0.5 mg quercetin/g FW) and antioxidant activity (77.36%) were obtained in 40% of field capacity. The highest percentage of essential oil (54.1 mg / g dry matter) was observed in 60% of treatment capacity and the highest amount of total phenol (0.51 mg gallic acid per gram of fresh material), total flavonoid (0.5 mg Gram quercetin in grams of fresh milk) and antioxidant activity (37.36%) in 40% of treatment capacity.

Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is an annual, aromatic and herbaceous plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family which is used as fresh vegetable and traditionally used to treatment many diseases. Plant nutrition is one of the important factors that affect quantitative and qualitative characteristics of plants. Nitrogen is one of the most important nutrients for plant growth and development. Plants can absorb nitrogen either as nitrate (NO3-) or ammonium (NH4+), and for optimal uptake and growth each plant species requires a different nitrate to ammonium ratio. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different nitrate to ammonium ratios on morphophysiological characteristics and element concentration of basil. To study the effect of different nitrate to ammonium ratios (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100) on hydroponically grown basil, a pot experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications. In order to evaluate the growth parameters (plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, number and length of axillary shoots, fresh and dry weight of leaves, stems and roots), chlorophyll content and nutrients concentration (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, copper, manganese and zinc in the leaves and roots), plant sampling was carried out at flowering stage. The results showed that plant growth parameters (such as number of leaves, number and length of axillary shoots, fresh and dry weight of leaves, roots and stems) and chlorophyll index (SPAD) were significantly affected by different nitrate to ammonium ratios. The different nitrate to ammonium ratios had no significant effect on plant height, stem diameter and leaf area. The growth parameters and chlorophyll content decreased with increasing of ammonium in nutrient solution and the 75:25 ratio of nitrate to ammonium was the most suitable treatment for most growth parameters and chlorophyll content. Also nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and copper (Cu) concentration in leaves and potassium (K), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) content in leaves and roots were significantly affected by nitrate to ammonium ratios. As nitrate to ammonium ratio decreased, N, P, Fe and Zn content of leaves increased, while K, Cu and Mn content of leaves and K, Fe and Mn content of roots decreased. The findings of this study showed that basil plant requires lower concentrations of ammonium in nutrient solution for proper growth. Therefore, a solution containing 75:25 of nitrate to ammonium ratio is recommended for basil plant production under hydroponic culture coditions. Key words: Ammonium, Basil, Hydroponic, Micronutrients, Nitrate

The aim of the present study was to determine whether the addition of dexamethasone or epinephrine to lidocaine altered the characteristics of anesthesia and cardiorespiratory variables following caudal epidural application in cows. Twenty adult dairy cows were randomly assigned to receive one of the treatments of lidocaine (LID, 0.2 mg/kg), dexamethasone (DEX, 8 mg), lidocaine-dexamethasone (LIDEX; 0.2 mg/kg and 8 mg, respectively) and lidocaine-epinephrine (LIDEP; 0.2 mg/kg and 5 µg/ml, respectively) by epidural injection with the final volume of 0.018 ml/kg and 10 ml of solution as the upper limit. The time to the onset and duration of anesthesia as well as heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (fR) and rectal temperature (RT) were recorded. No local anesthetic effects were observed in DEX. The onset of anesthesia did not show significant differences among LID, LIDEX and LIDEP. The duration of anesthesia was significantly longer in LIDEX (152.4 ± 25.8 min) as compared to LID (116.0 ± 11.5 min). Although the duration of anesthesia in LIDEP (137.7 ± 10.0 min) was longer in comparison to LID, the difference was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference regarding the onset and duration of anesthesia between LIDEX and LIDEP. HR, fR and RT did not show significant changes over time. Mild transient ataxia was observed in groups that received lidocaine-containing solutions. In conclusion, addition of dexamethasone to lidocaine, without altering the time to onset, produced more prolonged anesthesia than that of lidocaine alone following caudal epidural application in cows.

Juniperus communis L. ssp. hemisphaerica is a dioeciously wild growing shrub, which is belonged to Cupressaceae family and could found in the Alborz Mountain in north of Iran. The essential oil of Juniper is used as anti-depressant, anti-rheumatic, anti-spasmodic, carminative, antidiabetic, appetizer and diuretic properties. In this research the effects of altitude on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the essential oil in different gender of this plant was investigated. The aerial part of different gender were harvested from two altitudes (2200 and 2700 m) in summer 2011. The essential oils were extracted by hydro distillation and were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The results were showed that the foliage of male plants in both altitude contained higher oil content (2.74%-2.85%) than the female plants (2.20%-2.59%). The α-pinene and sabinene were the main components of essential oils in both foliages, but the highest amount of α-pinene (48.81%) and sabinene (44.47%) were observed in 2200 m in both foliages, respectively. Monoterpenes were the main compounds, which identified in these essential oils.

Anise Hyssop (Agastache foeniculum) is a perennial and aromatic herb plant, belonging to the Lamiaceae family. Its essential oil has antifungal and antibacterial properties and used in food and pharmaceutical industries. To study the effects of foliar application of urea and amino acids on some morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of anise hyssop, a pot experiment was conducted in completely randomized design with four replications. The treatments were foliar application of urea (0.5, 1 and 2 g/l), aspartic acid (100, 200 and 300 mg/l), glutamic acid (100, 200 and 300 mg/l) and control (no nitrogen application). The results showed that foliar application of urea and amino acids had significant effects on growth, physiological and biochemical parameters. The highest and the lowest amounts of plant height, leaf number and area, stem diameter, fresh and dry weight of leaves and stems were obtained in 2 g/l of urea and control treatments, respectively. Foliar application of urea and amino acids increased photosynthesis pigments, proline, total soluble sugars, total protein and nitrogen content of leaves compared to control. Total protein, total soluble sugars, proline, leaf chlorophyll and nitrogen content increased as the concentration of amino acids increased. Overall, the findings of this study showed that foliar application of 2 g/l of urea was the most effective treatment for the studied characteristics however amino acids through improvement of growth and physiological characteristics can be used as new sources of nitrogen for plant nutrition.

Seizure is one of the important reasons for referral to the emergency department, which sometimes indicates serious damage to the brain parenchyma. Since in patients without a history, awareness of the medium-term course of the disease helps the diagnosis, thus, in this study, definition of 6-month prognosis without taking medication, was investigated after the first seizure attack.
This study is an observational cohort study. The sample population included 125 patients, who referred to the emergency of Rasoul Akram Hospital after the first seizure attack, and had no recent history of consumption of anticoagulants, alcohol, narcotics, and psychotropic drugs. Sampling method was consecutive sampling. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, independent t-, and logistic regression analytical tests. The significance level was considered as p During the 6-month follow-up, 30.4% of the patients had seizure recurrence. Among the patients referred to the emergency department with first seizure, the number of men was significantly higher than women. Also, a significant difference was observed between two genders and family history or seizure recurrence in the follow-up period.
The results of this study indicated that factors, such as gender, presence of status epilepticus and, first-grade family history of seizures can be considered as the risk factors for seizure recurrence in the 6-month period after the first seizure without taking medication. Therefore, considering these variables and appropriate treatment, the incidence rate of seizures significantly decreases after discharge from hospital.

This experiment was conducted to determine evapotranspiration, crop coefficient and water use efficiency of cucumber and tomato for a period of six months in the Resarch Greenhouse of Urmia University. Daily evapotranspiration of cucumber, tomato and reference crop was measured using lysimeter method. Based on the results, cucumber evapotranspiration for growth period of 130 days was 272.4 mm and for growth period of 180 days for tomato was 358.6 mm. Based on the reference crop evapotranspiration, the average crop coefficients at the initial, development, mid-season and late season stages of tomato were calculated as 0.2, 0.65, 1.29 and 1.0, respectively, and for cucumber were calculated as 0.19, 0.64, 0.99 and 0.81, respectively. In order to investigate the effects of deficit irrigation on crop yield and water use efficiency, in addition to full irrigation treatment, two levels of deficit irrigation were considered (90 and 80 percent of full irrigation). Maximum yield of tomato and cucumber was obtained under full irrigation as 197.3 and 144.6 ton/ha, respectively. Evapotranspiration water productivity of tomato and cucumber was calculated as 55.04 and 53.1 kg/m3, respectively. Application of deficit irrigation caused a reduction in water use efficiency and crop yield of both crops. Water use efficiency of tomato and cucumber under 80% of full irrigation treatment was 43.7 and 36.2 kg/m3, respectively, which indicated a reduction of about 20 and 31 percent as compared to full irrigation treatment.

This study aims to investigate IPOs return from the Investors’ bias point of view. Moreover, we intend to examine the reducing effect of investors’ bias on IPOs return through earning quality. We used the data from 93 companies of IPOs during 2007-2017 offered in TSE. We used Expected Skewedness as lottery preference measurement tool, and calculated IPOs return using BAH Return on a 7-day period. Modified Jones Accrual Quality model was used to measure earning quality. The hypotheses were tested using pooled cross-sectional regression. Our findings showed that there is a direct relationship between the investors’ preference for Skewedness and IPOs return. Besides, earning quality diminishes this effect. Results also showed that investors’ lottery preference has direct effects on IPOs return and more accounting quality in the year just before IPO, could reduce this behavioral bias.

Mullein (Verbascum sp.) is a biennial herbaceous member of the Scrophulariaceae family. Verbascum flowers are highly valued herbal drugs used in the treatment of inflammation, asthma, spasmodic coughs and other respiratory tract diseases. In this study, preliminary evaluation of morphological and phytochemical diversity of different Mullein species from West Azerbaijan province for its domestication was investigated.
West Azerbaijan as the centers of origin for many species of Mullein in Iran was selected for sampling. For assessment of morphological diversity, different species of Mullein were evaluated in full flowering stage based on 12 qualitative and 20 quantitative morphological traits. After species identification, leaf and flower samples were extracted using ultrasonic device. For evaluation of phytochemical diversity among different species of Mullein, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of leaves and flowers were determined using Folin–Ciocalteu assay and DPPH method, respectively.
Based on the evaluation of collected samples from different regions 9 species (V. erianthum, V. songaricum, V. speciosum, V. szovitsianum, V. stachydiforme, V. sinuatum, V. haussknechtianum,V. cherirantifolium and V. saccatum) were identified. The results showed that species has significant effect on the plant height, inflorescence length, number of flowers per bunch, number of flowering stems, basal leaves length and length and width of capsule (p The findings of this study showed that there is a wide diversity of Mullein species in West Azerbaijan province. V. sinuatum has unique morphological and phytochemical traits that can be used for breeding strategies and economic production.

Studies have shown that contrary to decrease the efficiency of traditional resources, knowledge really is a resource for enhancing employees and organization performance. From the strategic perspective, nowadays, knowledge is used to create and enhance organizational value and the success of an organization depends on its ability to manage this scarce resource. In this study, the relationship between knowledge management and training performance of employees of Jahrom Dastgheib education center (NAJA) has been arranged. In this research, 191 people selected randomely among all employees of the center and also is used a questionnaire with the reliability and validity (77/0) that has been accepted. Also to analyze the final data and to test the hypotheses, Pearson statistical method and SPSS 16 software have been used. The findings show that there is a positive and significant relation between the knowledge management and employees performance (r=0/41) and if the staff be diligent in research and create and use new and updated knowledge that is suitable for their practical needs, their performance will be better.

To study the effects of salt stress on some physiological parameters of grapevine and the effect of foliar application of potassium silicate and zinc sulphate in alleviating saline effects, a pot experiment was conducted under greenhouse condition. Rooted sapling of two grapevine cultivars, ‘Rasha’ (salt-tolerant cultivar) and ‘Bidaneh ghermez’ (salt-semi sensitive cultivar) were subjected to different NaCl concentrations (0, 50 and 100 mM) and foliar application of potassium silicate (0, 150 and 300 mg/l) and zinc sulphate (0, 2 and 4 g/l) in hydroponic conditions. The experiment was conducted using a factorial design (cultivar, salinity levels and foliar application as factors) based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that relative water content, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and chlorophyll content decreased with increasing salinity level. The reduction of physiological parameters in ‘Rasha’ was less than ‘Bidaneh ghermez’. Foliar application of different concentrations of potassium silicate and zinc sulphate increased relative water content, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and chlorophyll content in both cultivars. The most effective treatment was potassium silicate 300 mg/l zinc sulphate 2 g/l, so that at the highest salinity level (100 mM) relative water content, stomatal conductance and photosynthesis in this treatment was 13.75%, 91.14% and 47.56% more than no foliar application treatment, respectively. According to the results of this study foliar application of potassium silicate and zinc sulphate can be used to alleviate salinity effects in grapevine.

In order to evaluate the seed and essential oil yield and harvest index of cumin, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design was conducted with three replications, at the research farm of the faculty of agriculture of Urmia University in 2010. Treatments were four irrigation regimes (irrigation after 50, 100, 150 and 200 mm of evaporation from a class A pan) and different amounts of superabsorbent polymer (0, 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 kg/ha). The highest biomass yield (3640 kg/ha), seed yield (1226 kg/ha) and essential oil (36.5 kg/ha) belonged to irrigation after 50 mm of evaporation and 60 kg/ha superabsorbent polymer application. Increasing in irrigation distances to 100, 150 and 200 mm of evaporation needs to 180 and 120 kg/ha polymer to produce maximum yield (biomass and seed), but they were 60 and 300 kg/ha polymer for essential oil yield and harvest index, respectively. The maximum harvest index of seed for irrigation after 100, 150 and 200 mm of evaporation belonged to 180 kg/ha superabsorbent treatment. Application of superabsorbent at irrigation after 50 mm of evaporation (non-stress condition) does not have efficiency for essential oil production compared with the control (without polymer in this irrigation). In conclusion, increasing irrigation intervals from 50 to 200 mm of evaporation from pan lead to reduce the yield (biomass, seed and essential oil), that application of superabsorbent polymer A200 compensate part of this reduction.