عباس علیزاده

Background and Taxonomic identification of larval and adult stages of Taenia hydatigena from other Taenia species based on morphometric characteristics of the rostellar hooks in intermediate and definitive host is important in medical and veterinary parasitology. Therefore, this study aimed at identifying the larval stage of Taenia hydatigena (Cysticercus tenuicollis) based on morphological characteristics of rostellar hooks isolated from sheep and goat in Mazandaran province, Iran for the first time.
This study was conducted in 100 samples of rostellar hooks of the larval stage of Taenia hydatigena isolated from sheep and goats in 2014-2015. Morphological characteristics of large and small hooks in the number and size characters were determined and measured by calibrating microscopes. Data analysis was done in SPSS applying Chi-square and One-way ANOVA.
The mean number of large and small hooks in goat and sheep isolates were 30.8±3. Morphometric characteristics of hooks in the shape and size were similar in both animal isolates. But significant differences were seen between native and nonnative isolates in mean width of large hooks length (P This study identified the larval stage of Teaina hydatigena from other species of Teaina according to characteristics of rostellar hooks, which is of great significance in taxonomic studies in parasitology.

Background and Dicrocoeliasis is a prevalent parasite in ruminants caused by different species of Dicrocoelium spp. This parasite lives in bile duct and gallbladder of ruminants and accidentally in human. The economic significance of dicroceliasis is due to direct damage to the liver and, consequently, to the loss of significant amounts of protein. The present study aimed to investigate the morphometric and molecular (PCR and PCR-RFLP) parameters of Dicrocoelium species isolates from sheep, goat, and cattle in Mazandaran province, Iran during 2013-2015.
In this descriptive study, 50 trematodes isolated from livers of sheep (n= 20), goat (n= 20), and cattle (n= 10) were collected form abattoirs in Mazandaran province. Adult worms were studied by morphometric and molecular methods on 28s rDNA. The RFLP technique was used to identify the genus. Some samples were also sequenced.
All isolates of three hosts (sheep, goat, and cattle) showed significant differences in many morphological parameters. According to characterization of testicles that is a remarkable characteristic for differential diagnosis of Dicrocoelium species, they were in tandem position in all isolates. Moreover, no significant difference was observed in their size in different hosts. Four bands, including 116, 145, 393, and 409 bp were produced from PCR method after treatment by enzyme. In molecular technique, there were no any significant differences but in morphometric analysis, some differences were found.
The molecular and morphometric results indicated that D. dendriticum is the only species infecting sheep, goat, and cattle in Mazandaran province.

Studies in the field of industrial accidents have shown that Human errors have the most important and significant role in accidents. According to studies conducted, 60 to 90 percent of accidents occur as a direct result of human errors. The main objective of this study is to identify and assess human errors in Control Rooms of Arya Sasol Polymer Company by CREAM method.
This Descriptive, Cross_Sectional study was conducted in 2016, using the Hierarchical task analysis (HTA). 14 job tasks was analyzed in four control rooms of the Arya Sasol Polymer Company. Then, by using the basic and extended version of CREAM, common performance conditions and cognitive failure probability were determined and the results were analyzed.
The results of this study show that 45% of identified errors related to execution errors, 22% observation errors, 22% interpretation errors and 11% planning errors.
The results of this study show that it is required to Opportunistic Control Mode for initiating off-site section But for other tasks need to Tactical control mode. Using this technique is appropriate to determine the type of errors and methods of control.

Inroduction & Mechanisms that regulate appetite are different among animals. Also, nutritional status (food deprived or satisfied) has key role on appetite regulation. Endocannabinoids have crucial role on central food intake regulation in birds but its role has not been studied in layer-type chicken fed ad libitumThus, in this study 3 experiments designed to evaluate effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of 2-AG (2- Arachidonoylglycerol, selective CB1 receptors agonist), SR141716A (selective CB1 receptors antagonist), on feeding behavior in neonatal layer-type chickens fedad libitum
Material and In experiment 1, birds ICV injected with control solution and 2-AG (0.25, 0.5 and 1 μg). In experiment 2: control solution, SR141716A (6.25, 12.5 and 25 μg) were ICV injected to birds. In experiment 3 animals received: control solution, SR141716A (6.25 μg), 2- AG (1 μg) and co-injection of SR141716AAG. Then, cumulative food intake was recorded until 120 min after injection.
According to the results, 2-AG dose dependently increased cumulative food intake while SR141716A reduced appetite compared to control group (P
These results suggest CB1 receptors have an important role on ingestive behavior in neonatal layer-type chicken fedad libitum and nutritional status (food deprived or satisfied) had no effect on food intake induced by CB1 receptors in chicken.

In the numerous books and articles written on the Elamites, scholars rarely, if ever, have advanced any hypothesis on the formation of the early Elamite state organizations and how these organizations and the archaeological and historical landscapes of Elam, both in the highlands and lowlands, have differed from the contemporary political landscape of their Mesopotamian neighbors. Similarity, scholars simply ignore the tremendous difference between the natural landscape of Elam and southern Mesopotamia. This article focuses on these differences and traces them from the prehistoric era to the time when the long-lasting Elamite state was eclipsed in the first millennium BC. In doing so, the author pays close attention to the broad patterns revealed in the numerous archaeological surveys in southwestern Iran.