فهرست مطالب عبدالحسین رضایی پور باغدر

The present study was designed to evaluate the pollution status of some heavy metals in waste sediments caused by iron ore processing ​​ in Bafgh desert area. After drilling 7 profiles and sampling from 0-150 cm depth of sediments, concentration of 14 heavy metals in 35 sediment samples were measured by ICP-OES. To determine the background of heavy metals in soil of control site, 25 samples from the profile with a depth of 2.5 meters (one sample per 10 centimeter) was prepared and the concentration was determined by ICP-OES. After testing data normality, PI, IPI and MCd indices were calculated for determining the amount of pollution and changes in the measured parameters. The results showed that PI amount for As, Co, Fe and V were 4.365, 9.254, 4.57 and 9.249. Also the results about IPI and Mcd showed that 100 percentages of samples were in moderate class of pollution. Overall As, Co, Fe and V are as important pollutant parameters in the waste sediment caused by iron ore processing in Bafgh desert area. In case of lack of appropriate modifying or Precautionary proceedings, it will lead to contamination of soil and water resources in the region. Moreover, the findings of this study revealed the status of pollution and identified potential sources of water and soil pollutants in waste sediment, It is guidance for future research in order to examine the possibility of their removal by phytoremediation method

Environmental pollution as technologic desertification factor is the most important challenging issue in industrialized and developing societies. Due to the presence of several mineral sites in Bafgh, the most important reason of desertification is pollution caused by industries and mines. This study aims to determine the emissions effluent from processing iron ore in the Bafgh region. Totally, 16 samples of effluent were taken over the period 2008- 2013, and 18 parameters were measured in the laboratory. After testing the related data normality and variance analysis, index of PI, IPI and MCd were determined for the collected data. The results showed that 27.7% of the parameters are without non-significant year changing while 72.3% of the parameters have significant annual changes. The results for the PI index showed that 66.6% of the parameters show less contamination level and 33.4% of the parameters are at moderate to high contamination level. According to the results obtained for the IPI and MCd index, Nitrate (NO3) and Sulfate (SO4) classified at the moderate and high levels of pollution and determined as the contaminants of effluent from processing. Considering desert ecosystems are sensitive and fragile, it is suggested to determine the concentration of pollutants in the wastewater processing parameters with deposited sediments to study the feasibility of removing contaminants by phytoremediation. It might be useful to determine desertification intensity in Central Iron Ore Company marginal and desert regions in Bafgh with the conventional models and taking into account the environmental pollution, Nitrate and Sulfate indices.

Known of ecosystem of range details and relation bet ween this details including soil and vegetation, is Necessary for optimum management of ranges. To determine the effect of some soil properties on species distribution of Dorema ammoniacum and Rheum ribes in ranges of Baghedar region, Information of vegetation were harvested with systematic-random method in the form of 40 plots and during 4 transects. After drilling soil profiles in beginning and end of each transect and samples of 0-10 and 110-80 cm, the parameters pH, EC, CaCo3, organic carbon, CaSo4, Co3, Hco3, Cl, So4, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu and soil classification grain distribution was determined in the laboratory. After Collection of data for Analysis, it was used Principal components analysis method. The results of analysis between soil variables and vegetation show that soil texture, CaCo3, EC, OC, CA, Mg, Cl and Na had more impact on distribution of vegetation types and Dorema ammoniacum and Rheum ribes.

In order to optimum management of ecosystem of range, need details and relation between this details including soil and vegetation known. To determine the effect of some soil properties on species distribution of Eryngium bungei in Baghedar summer Bafgh region, Information of three types of vegetative plants were identified Artemisia aucheri - Eurotia ceratoides, Artemisia aucheri - Eryngium bungei and Artemisia aAucheri - Stipa barbata in the form of 20 plots were harvested for each type in the desert. After drilling 27 soil profiles and samples of 0-30 and 30-60 cm, the parameters pH, EC, CaCo3, organic carbon, CaSo4, gravel and soil classification grain distribution was determined in the laboratory. Analysis of variance showed that clay and CaCo3 in the soil first depth and CaCo3 in the soil second depth in three vegetation types with significant differences are. Principal components analysis on 16 soil variables and percent slope showed that the first principal component included percent slope, clay in the second depth and CaCo3 and sand in the first depth, explain 61% of the variations and the second components included sand in the second depth and electrical conductivity and organic matter in the first depth, explain 38% of the variations. The results show that Eryngium bungei be seen on soil with more clay in lower layer and more CaCo3 and less organic carbon and EC in upper soil layers.

This research was followed after few introductory surveys of heavy metals distribution in the mining zone of the Central Iran. The research was carried out in the territory of Kushk Mining Company, located at45km northeast from Bafgh city and 145 km from Yazd city. The morphology of the area is mountainous. The major desert shrubs in the polluted area are Artemisia siberia and Salsola vermiculata. The surface soils (depth:0-25cm) and 10 samples from each plant species with root, juicy stems and second years old stems were randomly collected to a distance of about 8 km (where metal concentrations in soil were decreased to a minimum amounts) from mining waste dam. Because of the lead and zinc mining operation in Kushk, the lead, zinc and cadmium in soil and plant samples were measured. Also due to secondary formation of gypsum in mine formations, calcium in the samples was measures as an essential element for plants. Desert shrubs in despite the impressions have an special living pattern and so different behaviors in uptake and excretion of heavy metals. The accumulation of metals (lead, zinc, cadmium and calcium) in juicy and fresh shoot organs were increased about 2.5 times more than roots and were decreased from a mean concentration of 85.82 ppm in juicy stems to a minimum mean concentration in dry stems with the mean of 0.0 ppm in A. sieberi less accumulation of heavy metals in fresh shoots relative to root with a more accumulation of Ca have been shown in A. sieberi and S. vermiculata showed any significant difference in means of metals in its organs but the mean of heavy metals were increased in its shoots (from 4.6 ppm in root to 12.91ppm in shoot) and the mean of metals were decreased in shoots (from 153.52ppm in root to 134.69ppm in shoot).

Understanding the relationship between vegetation and soil is one of the most important parameters to determine the proper location for reclamation and management of natural resource and ecosystem. To learn about the effect of soil properties on distribution of Tamarix ramossisima established in dams filled with wastes of processing factory in Iran Central Iron Ore Company of Bafgh, the information about the vegetation cover and plant density in three dams filled with wastes were collected after fulfilling the dehydrating. After drilling 12 profiles (4 profiles per dam) accidentally, distribution of soil grain (clay, silt, and sand) namely, organic carbon, lime, gypsum, pH, EC, Ca, Mg, Na, K, P, No3, SAR, and total N were determined in the laboratory. The result of Kruskal Wallis Test demonstrated that three dams have significant differences at the first depth for No3, Mg, Na, SAR, and EC and at the second depth for lime, Mg, Na, K, SAR, and EC. Principal components analysis (PCA) on 32 variables indicated that the first axis included EC at the second depth, No3 at the first and second depths, P at the second depth, sand and silt at the second depth, clay at the first depth, SAR at the second depth, gypsum at the first depth, Ca, Na, Mg, K at the second depth explain 56.6% of the variations and the second axis included EC at the first depth, P at the first depth, lime at the second depth, organic carbon at the first depth, total N at the second depth, silt at the first depth, clay at the second depth, and Ca, Mg, and K at the first depth explain 43.3% of the variations. The results show that more availability of calcium, silt, and organic carbon at the first depth and total N, lime at the second depth caused more establishment of Tamarix ramossisima. In addition, more availability of EC, P, Mg, and K at the first depth and clay at the second depth caused poor establishment of Tamarix ramossisima in waste dam of production plants.

Grazing affects vegetation in several ways including forage harvesting, food recycling and mechanical compaction on soil surface. This study aimed to investigate the effects of goat, sheep and camel foot pressure on soil surface in Baghdar- Bafgh rangelands in Yazd province. Herd scattering patterns was also studied as it affects soil compaction in rangelands. Twenty animals of each Najdi goat, Kemani sheep and camel were selected randomly from Bagdar-Bafgh herds. Samples were weighted and ink stamper was used to measure selected livestock feet sizes using. Camel foot sizes were measured by footprint on sand. Foot pressure were calculated by dividing livestock weight to its foot surface area.. Herds scattering patterns were studied in five stations during daily grazing. The livestock distances from each other in the time of grazing were measured as herds scattering index.. According to the results, the foot surface area of goat, sheep and camel were about 39.79±6.78, 40.22±7.65 and 753.7±87.08 cm2, respectively. The ANOVA test showed that there was significant differences between goat-sheep and camel foot surface area (p=0.00). No significant difference between goat and sheep foot surface area was found using Duncan test. Foot pressures were 0.5±0.11 kg/cm2, 0.46±0.07 kg/cm2 and 0.6±0.08 kg/cm2 for goats, sheep and camels respectively. Camel foot pressure was significantly greater than foot pressures of sheep and goats (p=0.00). Herd scattering study revealed that the distance between goats, sheep and camels in herds were 30±2.80, 9±6.70 and 246±156.2 meters respectively. According to the results, sheep graze more closely than goats and more in lines. Therefore it was concluded that the potential soil surface compactness of sheep is higher than goat and camel.