فهرست مطالب عزیزالله تاجیک اسمعیلی

The aim of this study was identifying and prioritization the educational needs of managers and employees of Farhangian University by descriptive-survey research method. The statistical population included 35 managers and 261 employees of Farhangian University in Lorestan, Ilam, Hamedan, Kermanshah, Khuzestan and Chaharmahal Bakhtiari provinces who were selected by census sampling method. Data were collected by two researcher-made questionnaires with reliability of 0.98 and 0.92 coefficients and analyzed using SPSS21 software. According to the findings, in the manager group, technical-specialized, perceptual and human domains, with 28 items and in the employee group, general and technical-operational domains with 30 items of educational needs have priority. Considering the importance of the professional growth and development of human resources, it is essential to pay attention to the identified needs in the improvement and promotion plans of Farhangian University employees.

The role of school counselors in facilitating students' development and their psycho/social promotion has expanded, to be at the forefront of changing community and school, student needs, and responding to social demands. The purpose of the research was to study and analyze the position of guidance and counseling in national evolutionary documents. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and method of theme analysis based on 8 national evolutionary documents (theoretical foundations, evolutionary document and six evolutionary subsystems of education system). From national documents, 22 sub-categories and 7 main categories, including centered health and responding to the needs of students based on school counseling; Establishment of a comprehensive guidance and counseling system with the presence of transformational leaders in all schools; Adapting school counseling and training counselors based on standards; Performing guidance and counseling in all stages of education... The need for the participation of transformational educators and focus on the establishment of the guidance and counseling system, and the originality of the program-centered with the role of counselor leadership, and was achieved the core category. Findings showed that guidance and counseling is the center of attention and gravity of the formal and general education system and organizes the teaching-learning process. Consistent with the theoretical literature of the subject, it can be concluded that the school guidance and counseling program is developmental, comprehensive, systematic, process and comprehensive. The position of guidance and counseling in the evolutionary documents is far from the current situation of schools.

Over the past century, the role of school counselors in helping students and improving the schoolchr('39')s psychosocial climate has grown to reflect the changing face of society, student needs, and responding to social demands.The purpose of this research was codification and validation of national school counseling standards based on evolutionary documents that the qualitative method of theme analysis and integration has been used. alignment of evolutionary documents and counselling on human development is prominent.The school counseling standards based on 10 criteria; School counseling standards based on 10 criteria; Compiled by experts, their validity and content validity based on expert validity were confirmed (consisting of three groups and 25 people) and their validity and content validity based on expert validity(CVR=.76).National School counseling standards help school counselors plan and develop their action and program.They also cover all aspects of school counseling and, in addition to their academic, personal / social and career competencies, also focus on the studentschr('39') spiritual development. According to the research findings, school counseling in Iran has the possibility of maximum development and growth due to its descriptive position in evolutionary documents and the need for the presence of transformational counselors in all schools.This development requires the legal, scientific, and executive commitment and loyalty of policymakers, leaders, and executors.

The aim of this research was to study psychometric elementary characteristics of Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure in women and men residents of Tehran city. Statistical population of research was included all women and men living in Tehran that 800 women and men were selected through multi-phases clustering sampling. Partiants responded to Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure (Gibbons & Buunk, 1999). For studying the scale`s reliability we used Cronbach`s alpha coefficient and test-retest method, and for studying valilidity, content validity and confirmatory factor analysis was used. Pearson and Cronbach`s alpha coefficients showed that this scale has high reliability in both abilities and opinions factors. The results of confirmatory factor analysis also showed that the model has good fitness in determining factors in the primary form expressed by Gibbons and Buunk (1999). Also, results of normalization showed that median of abilities and opinions in the Iranian sample were 20 and 17 respectively. According to research results, Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Measure is a reliable and valid tool for measuring social comparison among Tehranian women and men.

The educational system potentially is one of the key and primary institutions in realization of content of document of vision of development of country. But the playing of the suitable role in this context requires having guidelines and general directions in developing educational system of the country. The educational system of the country in accord whit realization of the document of the developing country requires a special conception regarding ideal human for the educational system. In other words، the starting point of movement towards designing a comprehensive Plan for the development of the educational system. The drawing of the vision for the educational system has to do with ideal human. In so far as education has along the other institution and organizations the responsibility of sustainable growth، educating ideal and skillful human resources for working in a competitive of national document of education in different fields can prepare country’s human resources for entering the era of knowledge in four dimensions of cultural، economic، society and political. What constitutes the man problems is the following. The study of ideal human characteristics in the educational system of the Islamic republic of iran in twenty- year vision (1384- 1409). The present research is done in the frame work of four fallowing axis and is done in the from of document studies. Comparative studies (educational system، international organizations and institutions، scientific- professional societies in the domain of research in educational) Formal Document relating to the development of the country. (all ministries and government organizational). Legal documents call acts regarding culture and education by legal authorities of the country. Future- oriented studies (all source formulated in farsi and English in the main focus of the study) In order to gather all data in this research، the method of recording relevant data was used. The used source were government documents، library research documents، primary source and internet sites. The method of analyzing research data was a analytical- qualitative method. With this purpose، analyses done by using information and comparative tables. What was resulted from this study was a declaration containing. Initial forms of ideal human characteristics with ten main categories sixty. Secondary concept and characteristics were presented.

Safeguarding the teenagers is one of the main concerns of every society due to their vulnerability to different threats and role in determining the future of their country. Despite the measures taken by societies, families, schools and police officers, juvenile delinquency and crime against them are serious. This is indicative of a gap in educational systems. To solve this problem, the authors of this paper designed and validated an extracurricular program for high-school students by emphasizing the police public education as the main core of their research. The method of this study was mixed exploratory research. In the qualitative part, a semi-directed interview and, in the quantitative part, a questionnaire was conducted, and the obtained model was validated. In the qualitative part, the population covered the principals of girl's and boy's high schools of the city of Tehran as well as the officials of the ministry of education and, in the quantitative part, planners of curriculum and public education of police departments. Sampling method in qualitative part was purposive and snowball sampling and, in the quantitative part, purposive and overall sampling.Base on the results of the study, a model for extracurricular planning for high-school students was designed by emphasizing on the public education of the police. The characteristics of the nine elements of the model were recognized and prioritized according to the circumstance of high-school students, social threats and the attitude of experts in the field.