عطا غفاری

Nowadays, cities have become the main centers of human life and work. However, this transformation comes with numerous challenges in social, economic, environmental, and managerial domains, and the continuation of this process may lead to a decrease in the quality of life and, consequently, a reduction in urban sustainability. The present study aims to evaluate and assess the status of urban sustainability in terms of environmental quality from the perspective of the elderly in the neighborhoods of Region 4 of Rasht city. This research is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population of the research consists of elderly people living in Region 4 of Rasht Municipality. The sample size in the aforementioned statistical population was estimated to be 400 people using Cochran's formula and with a high approximation. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data, and its validity was confirmed through content validity, and its reliability was obtained as 0.79 using Cronbach's alpha method. Descriptive statistics and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze the data. The results of the analysis indicate a significant difference in the level of sustainability among different neighborhoods, such that it can be said that sustainability in terms of environmental quality is only more desirable. Livability in terms of environmental quality in neighborhoods 1, 10, and 11 is more favorable than in other neighborhoods. A desirable sustainability level characterizes the study area's western and southwestern parts.The analysis of each dimension under study indicates that the best sustainability status in terms of environmental quality is attributed to the accessibility component.In contrast, the worst sustainability status is attributed to the pedestrian-oriented component.

Today, fires represent a significant hazard stemming from both natural occurrences and human activities, presenting multifaceted challenges across urban settings. Fire stations emerge as pivotal service hubs within cities, necessitating strategic placement to ensure timely and dependable response, unimpeded by urban constraints. This study endeavors to devise a suitable model for the establishment and distribution of fire stations in Ardabil city. The research methodology is predominantly descriptive-analytical, employing a combination of documentary studies, library research, and field surveys for data collection. The Moran index is utilized to assess the distribution pattern of existing fire stations, while the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method, facilitated by Super Decisions software, is employed to weigh 16 criteria determining optimal station locations. Subsequently, the Fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (Fuzzy TOPSIS) model, within the ArcGIS software framework, is utilized to identify suitable zones for new fire station placement. Findings reveal gaps in coverage by existing stations concerning functional radius and population density, indicating a need for 11 additional stations to adequately serve Ardabil's population of 516,277. The Moran index underscores the randomness of the current station distribution pattern. Ultimately, the study delineates suitable areas for new station deployment across five distinct levels on a map. This research serves as a valuable resource for crisis management in Ardabil, offering insights into the current state and distribution pattern of fire stations, as well as delineating areas for new station establishment.     

At present and in the future, ensuring safety in life is essential for human beings. Fire stations are one of the most important and vital centers for providing security in the city in critical situations. Fire stations can provide their services in a timely and safe manner if they are located in suitable places and can reach the accident site in the shortest time and without facing obstacles and limitations of the urban environment. The most important problem in servicing these centers is the lack of proper distribution of stations and the limited operating radius of existing stations. This has also been true of locating fire stations in the city of Ardabil; and every year, many people lose their lives and property due to various accidents, including fires. It is involved in the spatial distribution of municipal services, including fire stations. As 7 fire stations in the city are not able to serve the whole city. Therefore, in this research, spatial distribution and suitable zones for locating fire stations in Ardabil city are done using Fuzzy Topsis model in GIS software.

Stations in Ardabil by the end of 1399 were extracted from the official statistics of the fire department and transferred to the GIS environment and the necessary analyzes were performed using spatial statistical techniques. By determining the status of existing stations and research objectives, we have identified suitable areas for locating fire stations. In general, the location selection process in this research can be expressed in four general parts: 1. determining the study area, 2. Determining the evaluation or decision criteria, 3. determining the weight of the criteria, and 4. Weight and overlapping criteria maps. Accordingly, after selecting the study area, the criteria affecting the location of fire stations were selected from different sources and in the next step, the criteria were weighted based on the opinions of experts using the network analysis method in Super Design software. After determining the weight of the selected criteria, using the Fuzzy Topsis model in the GIS software environment, the criteria were evaluated and finally, a combination map of the criteria that showed the best place to build a fire station was extracted.

This study achieved its main goal, which was to determine the appropriate locations for the location of new fire stations. However, in order to complete the issue in the next step, based on the appropriate zones for locating fire stations, suggested sites for constructing new fire stations have been proposed. According to the population of Ardabil and the standard of one fire station for every thousand people, 4 fire stations are required for the city. In this research, in order of priority and based on the set of research criteria, stations in the priority of location selection are marked with numbers. There is no certainty in choosing the location of new stations and it depends on economic conditions, managerial decision making, traffic conditions, budget and facilities of municipalities and other dynamic and difficult conditions in terms of forecasting. In the proposal of new stations, attention has been paid to building density and highway network. The proposed stations cover the city well. The obtained results are in line with the findings of Nazari et al. (2015), based on the need of the city to create new stations. It also confirms the results of Warsi et al. (2015) that the number of available stations is not enough to cover the entire city. Moreover, the results of this study are consistent with the findings of Noheghar et al. Except for these cases, the results of the paper are based on Murray (2013) findings that the existing stations are located in an inappropriate position. And is consistent with the results of Janek (2013) on the need to use new methods and especially the new scientific and executive approach to the problems of fire stations in the city.

One of the most important factors influencing the construction of fire stations is the location, and determining the optimal location maximizes the efficiency of fire stations and provides better services to users. With this in mind, fire stations should be properly located throughout the city. In this research, in the first step, the status and distribution pattern of existing fire stations in Ardebil city were analyzed using spatial analysis techniques in GIS environment. The results showed that fire stations do not completely cover all areas of the city and only cover part of the city of Ardabil and part of the east and west and the suburbs of the city are outside this radius of operation. In the second step, the pattern of distribution of existing stations was analyzed and the results showed that the pattern of distribution of stations in the city is random. Due to the need of the city for new stations or their spatial rearrangement, in the third step, suitable locations for the location of new fire stations were identified using the main criteria affecting the location

Creating high-quality living spaces is a prerequisite for any living complex. This research aims to investigate the relationship between the quality of urban space and land segregation patterns in Ardabil City. The current research type is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and is based on structural equation modeling. The data were collected through a questionnaire based on 6 indicators (access, spatial and physical, transportation, mental comfort, security, enjoyment of the neighborhood) and 35 items. The responses were collected from the residents of Malabashi neighborhood and Sablan settlement phase 2 in Ardabil City and with a sample size of 240 people. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS and Smart-PLS software. According to the results, the quality of the urban space of Malabashi neighborhood was in a very unfavorable condition from the residents' point of view, and the level of satisfaction of the citizens with the accessibility, transportation, physical-spatial condition of the city was very low. Also, based on the findings of the research in the neighborhoods of Sablan Phase 2 as a checkered pattern, since the pattern of the expansion of this settlement was premeditated in terms of physical-spatial, access, transportation and all the facilities that are necessary for living in a settlement, the state of this neighborhood was considered satisfactory by the respondents. Also, based on the results of the Pearson test, there is a positive and significant correlation between the variable of land segregation patterns and the quality of urban space. As a result, because the checkered pattern is prepared and planned in advanced, it can be one of the suggested patterns for urban expansion. In this regard, based on the results of the research, by combining the relationship between patterns of land separation and the quality of urban space, as well as with the spatial justice of the city and the correct separation of land in Ardabil City, it is possible to improve the vitality and quality of the city's neighborhoods.

Earthquake as one of the most devastating and destructive natural hazards; especially in developing countries, it has been a long time ago With the collapse of buildings and urban infrastructure, Imports a lot of damage to property and assets in urban areas and around them. In response to this, international organizationschr('39') strategies to mitigate disasters have made their societies resilient to natural disasters. And considers it within the framework of the Higgo for the years 2005-2015. In fact, the goal of this approach is to reduce the vulnerability of cities and to strengthen citizenschr('39') abilities to deal with the dangers of threats such as natural disasters. Considering that the area of ​​a Tehran city due to its proximity to faults such as Mashaa fault, North Tehran fault Also, the effects of faults in and around the region such as Niavaran fault, Mahmoodieh fault and Darabad fault (Banamieh) are located in a region with a high seismic hazard. Assessment of resilience of the region to earthquake risk and resilience of the region In order to reduce the risks of earthquakes in this area is very important. Accordingly, the present study was conducted with the aim of assessing the resilience situation of the 10th district of Tehran municipality district against earthquake. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical with a purposeful purpose. The research area of ​​the 10th Region is a municipality of Tehran. The raw data used by the Tehran Municipality Information Technology Organization has been obtained. To determine the relative importance of each component used in research According to experts from the Urban Planning Area, the Network Analysis Process (ANP) has been used in the form of Super Decisions software. Then, to rank 10 areas of a Tehran municipality district against earthquake, Multi-criteria decision making models (MCDMs) including TOPSIS, VIKOR, HAW and SAW models have been used. Considering that different methods have been used to rank the areas Different results have been achieved, to overcome the contradictions between the various ratings of the regions in each of the models, and a single result has been used to rank the areas of the congregationchr('39')s integrated model. Finally, in order to speak, the results of the model used in the ArcGIS environment were mapped. In this research, for the spatial analysis of the resilience of the 10 district areas of a Tehran municipality from the results four models (TOPSIS, VIKOR, HAW and SAW) were used. Based on the results of the TOPSIS technique, areas 8, 3 and 2 of resilience are large, areas 7 and 4 of the moderate resilience, Areas 5, 1, 6 and 10 have low resilience and area 9 has very little resilience against the earthquake. Based on the results of the VIKOR model, areas 3 and 4 of the resilience, regions 2, 7, 5, 9, 8, 6 and 10 of the moderate resilience Medium and area one have low resilience against earthquake. Based on the results of the HAW model, area 3 of the high resilience, regions 2, 7, 8 and 4 of the moderate resilience and areas 10, 1, 6 and 9 are of low resilience. In this model, no area has been found to be very resilient. Based on the results of the SAW model, regions 3, 2, 8, and 7 are in the range of many resiliences, regions 5 and 4 in the moderate resilience range, Area 9 is in the low resilience range and areas 10, 6 and 1 are in the low resilience range against earthquakes. In this study, we evaluated the resilience situation in the districts of Tehran municipality district in an earthquake Multi-criteria decision-making methods including TOPSIS, VIKOR, HAW and SAW were used, Then a CONDORCET integrated model was used to achieve a single result of these analyzes. The results of the Canadian model, which is the result of a combination of the final results of the models (Tapis, VIKOR, HAW and SAW), show that Areas 2, 4, 5, and 3 are of high resilience, areas 7, 8 and 1 of the moderate resilience, 10 and 6 of the resilience, and area 9 of the resilience is very low against earthquakes. Which should be prioritized in future plans. Although it is possible to assess the vulnerability of urban areas by using different models and mapping them in the regionchr('39')s resilience to the earthquake crisis, a significant part of post-crisis casualties fell but this will not be achieved until the authorities are seriously determined.

Increasing population and growing urbanization have led to the growth and expansion of cities in uncertain locations, regardless of natural and biological parameters. The process of unplanned physical development has aggravated the vulnerability of cities to environmental hazards, which requires informed guidance and basic planning for environmental sustainability. Therefore, the present study intends to use the ANP model in a synthetic approach with GIS to evaluate the resilience rate and ecological power of a district of Tehran against earthquakes in relation to the eight main criteria slope, gradient direction, geological structures, fault type, distance From the bed of the rivers, the distance from the aqueducts, land use and distance from unsustainable areas in terms of urbanization) and 38 sub-criteria. The method of this research is descriptive-analytic with an objective purpose. The results of this study showed that 27.28% of the area (946.63 Hectares) has a very high resilience, 10.86% (376.97 hectares) has a high resilience, 23.46% (813.88 hectares) has a moderate resilience, 25.03% (868.60 hectares) has a low resilience and 13.34% (463.00 hectares) has a very low resilience against earthquake. In general, municipality districts located in the west of Tehran's municipality district 1 are less tolerable and less ecological power to earthquakes than other areas of the district.

the main purpose of the present research Assessing the sense of neighborhood feeling with Increasing citizen participation in neighborhood development projects Is within the boundaries of the Pir Madar neighborhood in Ardebil. The present study is an applied objective and is of descriptive-analytical type in terms of its nature and in terms of data collection method is a survey method. The statistical population of this study is the residents of the Pir Madar neighborhood, district 5 of region1 of Ardebil which in 2017 includes5294 people. Also, the sample size of 358 and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient were 0.89. Finally, at the stage of data analysis, To measure the status quo of partnership and neighborhood sense from T test, To examine the relationship between partnership in neighborhood development from Pearson Correlation Coefficient Test And to investigate the relationship between individual characteristics with neighborhood sense and willingness to participate The Chi-square test (Chi-square / Double Qi) In the form of Spss software is used. The results indicate a significant relationship between increasing the sense of neighborhood affinity with the degree of readiness to participate in community development projects. And finally, suggestions have been made.

The vast environmental damages of earthquakes have recently attracted more attentions to the concept of resilience to minimize the pernicious effects of such disaster. The present study evaluates the physical resilience in municipality region one of Tehran against the possible earthquakes. Using a descriptive-analytic method and GIS modeling, data were analyzed based on results obtained by network analysis process. The general resilience map of the region was drawn. Then a fuzzy technique was applied to the map to create different scenarios of earthquake magnitudes. The results indicated that in a probable earthquake of 6 Richter’s magnitude scale, 11.13 percent of constructions would locate at the low and very low resilience range. In such a scenario except two, other neighborhoods of the region would not be facing a serious vulnerability. With a probable 7 Richter’s scenario, the previous percentage would increase to 39. In a probable 8 Richter’s scenario, 52.29 percent of constructions would be faced with serious danger by which almost all rural textures fall in the very low range of resilience scale. Finally, in a probable 9 Richter’s scenario, 67.45 percent of constructions would fall at low and very low range of resilience scale. Most of them locate at areas of 1, 3, 4, 5 and 8 of the region.

Currently, more than half of the world's population live in urban areas and among them, many people live in areas with potential hazards and disasters that threaten them. Because the location of settlement and other facilities created by mankind is completely influenced by environmental and tectonic factors. The establishment of human settlements on land that is at risk of earthquakes makes inevitable the necessity of paying attention to policies, plans and programs for harm reduction and disaster management. Since the earthquake is sudden, it can reflect a vast area of the region and even impacts national issues. The dimensions of the accident are so extensive that they require international attention and support .In such a situation, considering vulnerability reduction and crisis management are integral parts of urban planning. Therefore, the resiliency id introduced as the concept of facing the problems, surprises and changes. In fact, the purpose of this approach is to reduce the vulnerability of urban areas and to strengthen the ability of citizens to deal with the risks of threats such as natural disasters. Because Iran is a seismic zone in the world, the incumbency to deal with this natural phenomenon is strongly felt. Attention to Ardebil city with standing in several faults around city and earthquake background and Ardebil potential as center of the province and the high population, the concentration of most administrative and economic centers of the province, the existence of worn, tidy textiles and etc. are at the expose of the possible occurrence of earthquake. In this regard, research is in connection with the stage before the crisis and it focused on disaster risk reduction. Overall the aim of this study was assessment of the situation of resiliency in Ardabil against earthquake and is the rating of four regions in terms of resiliency and vulnerability.
Material and The research case study is Ardebil city and four regions that according to the latest report in 2014 had a population of 496,973 people. It is a plain formed by Quaternary sediments. The area studied by the chain by faults Neour, Astara and Heer surrounded. The existence of these faults, their history of seismicity and the placement of Ardabil on loose alluvial formations, make this city prone to earthquake occurrence. However, in addition to the normal problems of the city of Ardabil, the human problems such as population density, building materials, etc. are not homogeneous. The status of natural and human problems of the city could be evidence of the claim that Ardabil against earthquakes can be vulnerable.
This study from the viewpoint of nature has an analytical –descriptive and from the viewpoint of goal is applied research. Also, the data and information required for this research are collected in two ways: library (documentary) and survey (field). In the survey method, data collection was done using questionnaires designed according to the research questions. Accordingly, the fourteen metrics of urban alleviation have been evaluated from the local elite point of view. The population of the research was the crisis management staff of four regions in the municipality of the city of Ardabil. In this respect, due to the uncertainty about the number of experts, the researchers performed purposive sampling from 50 individuals. Subsequently, the obtained data were first assessed through SPSS Software. The reliability of the research instrument was evaluated by Cronbach’s Alpha test which was determined to be 92.1. This coefficient value is deemed to be acceptable. Afterwards using T Test the resiliency of Ardabil was measured and then entered the data in Excel format and by using Multi-criteria decision-making models of Vicker, Electric, Tapsis, and Copeland's integration model, four regions of Ardabil city in terms of resiliency against earthquake were ranked. It is mentioned that the criteria for determining the weight of AHP in the Expert Choice software.
The findings show that the assessment criteria for the resiliency of Ardabil are lower than average. It can be said between theory mean (square with 4) by means of the obtained (experimental average of 3.33) there is a significant difference. This means that the city of Ardabil is vulnerable to the risk of earthquakes. This confirmed a significant level of 95% by T test. The results further showed that AHP method used to fourteen criteria, criterion of X13 (away from hazardous environments) to 0.142, the most valuable measure of resiliency in Ardabil in the discussion of earthquake risk was identified. Research findings suggest that the output of the Topsis, Vicon, and Electric models are different, so that the first level of resilience is in two models of Wikipedia and Electrics related to the metropolitan region, but in the topsis model, the first rank is related to the 4 regions, which has the last rank in the two models mentioned. Findings, on Copeland integration model framework show also that the order of 2, 1, 3 and 4 regions, in grades one to four resiliency of the municipality of the city of Ardabil are located. Region 2 is high resiliency because it has new and scheduled context and in front of the regions with the old and rural core communities has high vulnerability such as the regions 3 and 4. According to the rating of Ardabil city of resiliency, it can be said that the newly built regions such as new housing settlements, have higher rank. As can be said, 2 region developments in Ardebil germinate from 1991 and this urban region made planning region on Ardebil city, so that this region is a resiliency region. This region of Ardabil has building materials of metal and concrete skeleton (80%) and low population density (less than 100 individuals per hectare), most citizens live in apartments (80%), and there is acceptable access to rescue centers (a fire station with an acceptable number of fire valves, 3 hospitals and one Red Crescent center). In other regions (region 1, 3 and 4), it can be said that more than 80% of the materials of these regions are of bricks and iron, and about 20% are related to new buildings. Population density in the region is one under 150 people, and in 3 and 4 region, over 200 people with a one-story building and a lower region (fine-grained region less than 75 square meters). In terms of access to rescue centers, access in the 1 region is better than in 3 and 4 regions and worse than 2 region. The one-stop-shop is a firefighting center with a number of firefighters and 3 hospitals, and is relatively accessible to other Red Crescent centers. And the 3 and 4 regions each have a hospital and a fire station with a limited number of fire extinguishers. With regards to regions 3 and 4 of Ardabil, it may be argued that these regions have a high number of worn-out textures and most of the new constructions at these regions are done without any specific principles and/or planning. Also, most of the adjoining villages to the city are located in these two regions, which makes them more vulnerable.
The results regarding the Ardabil city resiliency (four regional municipalities of Ardabil city) is in the overall situation against earthquake, it is vulnerable. So that the sample t - test - related to municipal urban areas Ardabil experts, resiliency mean rate of Ardabil city is equal to the 3.33 that the value for the region number two is more than the average for the rest of the region and lower than average. In ranking of regions regarding the resiliency with fourteen criterions was weighted, with using integrated Copeland model, the region at the top two and four ranked last. The region of two is new areas with principles and program and the region’s four is areas with the old context of Ardabil city. In fact the findings shows that those new areas where is built new has suitable resiliency and the regions with very old context of city and villages have attached to the city and urban area hasn’t acceptable resiliency against the earthquake, to the phrase its can be damaged. Also in the priority resiliency measures against the city’s earthquake and weighting determined that physical aspect with access criteria to vital facilities, risk environments, improve the quality of construction and building materials and construction and human right density more important than other criteria and dimensions However, not from other criteria and dimensions was unaware. Due to the fact earthquake is the most important and promising Ardabil city risks, the role of Local resident’s involvement is very visible in rescue of those affected by the Ardabil possible quake. Hence, the adoption of community - based disaster management strategies, empowerment of civilians and the use of power popular participation to cope with natural disasters, such as the earthquakes and increasing regarding urban is very important. Adding that to prevent accidents has to change the culture of construction and 2008 standards improve that casualties and financial damage reduced to a minimum. Raising the quality of buildings, reducing congestion, improving access, and avoiding hazardous regions will increase the city's security. Items listed for regions number 3 and 4 were deemed high vulnerability is very vital and important to them resiliency.

Slope instability and falls are main risks in mountainous areas . Rock falls refers to abrupt or instantaneous movements of loosend blocks or complexes of solid rocks detached from steep rock walls (Chau et al 2004, 385). Rock falls occur mainly on the steep slopes above the vertical walls of the cliff and rocky reef areas without vegetation (Nader sefat 2006, 63). Due to the risk of these movements to human communities, one has to control them. In order to control mass movements, different aspects of the movements should be studied in detail.
The Aghlaghan chay catchment area with 166 square kilometer area, bounded by lat 38, 10-38, 44N and long 47, 46-48 E. this catchment area is located in northwestern of Iran and southwesternslope of Sabalan Mountain. Aqlaqhan Chay catchment by having mountain face and the geological, lithologic and climate conditions is sustainable for the production of falling movements. These phenomena every year causing damage to lives and property in residential areas, road destruction and widespread creation and filling of reservoir sediment and riverbed sediment is Yamchi dam. Therefore, zonation of catchment area in view of sensibility to Rock fall is very necessary .

Electronic government is a new concept that governments according to level of development implement in different ways. Utilizing informational systems in business sections has created potential context for developing electronic government. Customer relationship ‎management (CRM) is an important system in management that helps to develop electronic government and promote citizenship-based in organizations. There are a few studies about implementing customer relationship management in framework of electronic government. However, this article surveys electronic government in technical approach and supply chain, then it develops graphical model for implementing customer ‎relationship management in framework of electronic government. This survey is done with Delphi method and presents electronic-government model based on customer relationship management. It is surveyed with modular factors, flexibility and criterion definition. Finally, it develops suggestions for implementing customer relationship management in framework of electronic- government.