علی اکبر رضایی

This research aims to design a model of community happiness in Iran and compare it with countries in the Middle East. It is a developmental-applicative study in terms of its purpose and falls in the category of mixed exploratory research. In the qualitative stage, semi-structured interviews with experts and thematic analysis technique were used to design the model. Participants included 26 experts who were selected purposefully using the snowball sampling method. Also, in the quantitative section, the research model was validated with confirmatory factor analysis method and Smart PLS software. For this purpose, the views of 384 randomly-selected citizens of Tehran were sought. Based on the findings of the theme analysis, three levels of micro, medium and macro consisting a total of 9 components were identified for happiness. Further, the findings of the quantitative section confirmed the research model and all the identified variables In addition, the determination coefficient values ​​for micro, medium and macro level were calculated as 0.624, 0.581 and 0.532, respectively, which are desirable. Also, in this research, international reports were consulted to compare the level of happiness in Iran and the countries of the Middle East. The results suggested that the level of happiness in Iranian society is far from desirable. The results also revealed that community happiness is a multidimensional and complex phenomenon, the improvement of which in the Iranian society calls for considering a set of factors at the micro, medium and macro levels and making necessary plans accordingly.

The constitutional movement in Iran was one of the most complex and profound developments that we witnessed in the contemporary history of Iran. The root of this movement, however, came from the competition between the two colonial powers, Russia and England, each of them wanted to invade and influence Iran to achieve their own goals. Azerbaijan, as one of the three main centers of the uprising for the constitution, played a strong and irreplaceable role in this movement. The main question of the present research is, what was the position of Sattar Khan in Tabriz before the constitution and what was its role and influence during the constitution? The hypothesis of the research points out that before the constitution, Sattar Khan was one of the famous personalities of Azerbaijan and during the constitutional movement, he rose in support of the people. In this research, descriptive-analytical method and library documents have been used. The results of the research showed that with the start of Sattar Khan's constitutional movement, he rose up to achieve freedom and eliminate tyranny for the Iranian people, and despite the efforts of the Russian consul to attract him to Russia, he opposed him and after the victory The constitutional movement and the seizure of power by pro-British forces. Sattar Khan, who was a patriotic and independent person, was attacked from all sides in a conspiracy in Atabak Park, and after being wounded, he stayed at home and thus It is removed from the political scene.

 Security one of the most obvious aspects of the growth of a society and the foundation of its growth, development and stability. The economic prosperity of a society, investment, planning for development, progress and any activity that can be an effective factor for improving the economic situation, and social welfare and other aspects of the society, are all under the shadow of security establishment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of crisis management and urban accidents in the sense of security and well-being of the citizens of Tehran.

 The research method is descriptive-survey and a questionnaire used. The statistical population included the citizens of Tehran and managers, deputies and experts of crisis management headquarters in 22 districts of Tehran. Cluster sampling and sample size is 376 people for citizens and 40 people for experts.

The greatest impact of crisis management in increasing the sense of security from the experts' point of view includes social support and welfare, reducing risk and danger, reducing crimes and delinquency, and social order. According to citizens' point of view, the greatest effect of crisis management in increasing the sense of security includes reducing risk and danger, social support, social order, and reducing crimes and delinquency.

The feeling of security is necessary and essential for the healthy physical and mental condition of the people of the society. security puts the person in a state of mental and psychological structure disorder. Crisis management and control can provide a stable and peaceful society and the security of its citizens against unexpected events and drastic changes.

Handicraft art has many spiritual and material values, which is one of the essential components of cultural tourism. A society is definitely on the path of growth and development if art is one of the ways to expand cultural and economic development. Our country, with its diverse and high-quality handicrafts, can be among the leading countries in the tourism industry, but it also faces challenges. This article aims to identify the strategies and consequences of handicrafts in the development of the cultural tourism industry using grounded theory and via open and in-depth interviews and the study of related articles and documents. The research analyzes the subject during three stages open coding, axial, and selective coding using data analysis software (MAXQDA). The obtained results show that the variety of cultural and artistic products in the country can make a great contribution to the non-oil economy. If the export of handicrafts is put on the agenda, it will be profitable. The important point here is that the industry has a dialectical relationship with tourism, and handicrafts are an important part of the tourism industry and are closely related to it. The output of the model showed that the participation of villagers, artists, and cultural artisans is largely dependent on government support. For example, the import of new and diverse workshop equipment requires bank and monetary facilities as well as the support of governmental and semi-governmental cultural organizations. Also, the existence of a comprehensive system and specialized websites in the field of handicrafts is one of the important needs of this field, which will lead to the production of cultural wealth the growth of the art economy, and the elimination of unemployment in the country. Also, the existence of a comprehensive system and specialized websites in the field of handicrafts is needed seriously, which results in the production of cultural wealth the growth of the art economy, and the elimination of unemployment in the country. The result of the development of handicrafts will contribute to the development of the economy of culture, strengthening of national pride, and gross national growth.

The current research was carried out with the aim of presenting and evaluating the artificial intelligence model in the field of urban services. The research method is qualitative and based on foundational data theorizing. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect information, and data analysis was done using the Strauss and Corbin method and the paradigm model. The data has been collected through semi-structured interviews with 10 experts and managers with experience in the field of urban services and providing theoretical adequacy. The results of the data analysis obtained from the interviews during the process of open, central and selective coding led to the presentation of the artificial intelligence model in the field of urban services. In this research, in order to obtain a model that can have a prescriptive aspect in addition to the descriptive aspect, it has been tried to move in a direction by choosing experts who have a positive consensus on them in the field of artificial intelligence in the society, so as to achieve the desired state of the model. However, by considering the proposed research model, managers can take steps to promote artificial intelligence in urban service organizations such as municipalities.

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the role of artificial intelligence tools in the development of urban management. The statistical population of this research consists of all managers and employees of the municipality. The necessary data were collected with a questionnaire from 86 managers and employees of the municipality who were selected by simple and easy non-probability sampling method. The partial least squares method and SAMARTPLS software were used to test the model. The results of the evaluations show that value creation has an effect on the promotion of strategic orientation. In addition, the results showed that the internal structure has a significant effect on value creation. However, the results showed that the impact of strategic processes on the value creation of organizational transformation was significant.

The present study was conducted to rank the factors affecting attitudinal and behavioral loyalty in marine tourism in Mazandaran province with emphasis on the dimensions of tourism marketing mix (p8). The statistical population of this study includes all people active in travel agencies, museums, hotels, historical sites and experts in the field of management, tourism and marketing. The sample size is 384 people using Krejcie and Morgan table and the method of cluster random sampling. The method of data collection is a researcher-made questionnaire. In this study, structural equations and 22 SPSS statistical software were used to analyze the hypotheses to analyze the data. In addition, Cronbach's alpha criterion and convergent validity index (AVE) were used to determine reliability and validity. The results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between the dimensions of maritime tourism marketing mix and tourists' attitudinal loyalty. There is also a positive and significant relationship between the marketing mix of maritime tourism and the behavioral loyalty of tourists. Also, according to the research results, people have the highest priority and the process dimension has the lowest priority in creating tourist loyalty.

A closer look at the media space of the country shows that the share of advertising of cultural products in the media space (television, newspapers, magazines and billboards) is small. Also, considering the multiplicity of references and influential factors in the field of culture, one of the challenges in the field of advertising cultural products is to determine the effective categories and components. On the other hand, most of the research focused on advertising so far is often focused on commercial advertising and the lack of a comprehensive, integrated and clear local model has led to some problems in this area, so the present study tries to take action. To "study the role of advertising cultural products in the Iranian media (television, newspapers, and magazines) and explain the appropriate model for advertising cultural products." In order to conduct this study, an attempt has been made to examine the current status of the share of cultural products advertising in the Iranian media space. Indicators, components and effective factors and their characteristics in the study area, a suitable, comprehensive and integrated local model for advertising cultural products are presented

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) as community-oriented structures with the aim of benefiting the people of the society and by creating business spaces by the government and removing the obstacles that existed before, are developing their activities in the field of commercial and economic activities. The aim of the present study was to provide a local model of empowering non-governmental organizations with emphasis on key business factors. In order to conduct this research, the researcher used a mixed method (qualitative-quantitative).in the qualitative part based on the data method of the research paradigm model including causal conditions (management and macro-organizational factors, social and support factors, marketing and information); contextual conditions (society-oriented areas, business-oriented areas); Intervening conditions (intra-organizational factors, extra-organizational factors, electronic empowerment of employees, electronic platform); and strategies (commercial development of cements, media actions, support, fundamentals); It was identified and classified. In the quantitative part, through exploratory factor analysis (EFA), the indicators of the obtained categories were tested and the factor loadings of all indicators were estimated, which showed the approval of those indicators and categories. . Also, the researcher, based on the outputs of the qualitative section and the EFA test, designed assumptions (8 hypotheses) and measured the claimed relationships through the structural equation test in the Smart PLS software.In the end, based on path coefficients (beta) and significance coefficients (Z), all the claimed hypotheses were confirmed

Today, organizations are facing a competitive environment that is accompanied by amazing developments in which changes are constantly taking place, and markets do not have a fixed situation, and the political and legal frameworks often change and go along with these management developments. Organizations are faced with complexity, the speed of communication has increased, and organizations are required to examine and respond to customer requirements. In the meantime, large organizations with traditional structures do not have the necessary strength and flexibility to align with these changes, and for their survival, they are forced to change their structure or equip themselves with tools that can face and align with global developments. To obtain in this framework, education is one of the most basic necessities of a society in order to harmonize with these changes. Because education is an important part of individual and social activities. As UNESCO has announced in its global report, almost one out of every five people living today is a teacher or serves as a teacher in the formal education system and is in charge of educating the new generation. In this connection, many thinkers have identified a solution to this problem in the preparation of human resources. Therefore, efficient human resources can be considered the most important capital of an organization. Therefore, any process that improves the capability of human resources according to the type of work and activity is a capital-increasing process, the result of which is directly reflected in the quality and quantity of the system, which with the help of empowering human resources it is obtained. It can be said that the main capital in the education system of any country is its human resources, which become effective in the development of the society through knowledge, restraints and specialized motivations of their jobs. Teachers play an important role. Therefore, today, schools that equip their educational system with such precious capital, show more competitive advantage among their peers, because the excellence of schools in a close competition depends on skill, creativity, and independence. Knowledge and ability of teachers are dependent. In this connection, the present research was conducted with the aim of explaining the cultural and psychological empowerment of the first year secondary school teachers in Tehran.

The research method was part of mixed research in terms of data collection. In the qualitative part, the statistical population included university experts, including managers and senior experts in education, and in the quantitative part, it included all the teachers of the first year of high school in Tehran in the academic year 2021-2022. The sample size in the qualitative part with theoretical saturation (10 people) and in the quantitative part is estimated to be 300 people based on Morgan's table, and for the selection of the sample in the qualitative part, purposive sampling was used and in the quantitative part, stratified random sampling was used. The data collection tool was an interview in the qualitative part and a researcher-made questionnaire with 144 questions and 17 components based on a 5-option scale in the quantitative part. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained through Cronbach's alpha for the whole questionnaire at 0.86. Confirmatory factor analysis using smartpls3 software was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that psychological cultural empowerment included organizational culture, organizational structure, organizational monitoring system, organizational reward system, organizational management systems, and its consequences include improving interpersonal ability, management and leadership ability, and the ability to create events.

In the current research, two dimensions of psychological and cultural empowerment of secondary school teachers were pointed out and it was stated that today's teachers need more cultural and psychological empowerment because they are responsible for educating a generation that is supposed to be the future builder of the country. For this purpose, they must first have such ability so that they can transfer it to the students. In this research, it was found that when it comes to the psychological and cultural empowerment of teachers. It means mental and emotional empowerment, knowledge, and overall empowerment. Ensuring the health and mental health of teachers through the implementation of personality, mental and emotional tests and planning to prevent them from developing mental disorders are ways to ensure their mental health. Also, special attention should be paid to the intrinsic and psychological characteristics of teachers and their behavior, sense of acceptance of responsibility, appropriate social behavior and ability to adapt to the educational environment should be evaluated. It is in this way that one can have confidence in the ability of teachers and know that they are suitable options for educating students. In addition, teachers should be empowered in terms of knowledge and have an understanding of the logical relationships of phenomena and the interpretation of information, and be familiar with philosophical and scientific schools and their views, as well as a detailed understanding of tasks, tasks and educational phenomena of the school or the educational system of the society to better understand the work environment. Perceptual ability is also one of the other factors of psychological and cultural ability. It is imperative for teachers to have the power of analysis to diagnose problems correctly and to have the ability to make correct judgments about behaviors and the cause of those behaviors, as well as the ability to integrate different ideas and methods to achieve goals. In the current research, various factors affecting the psychological and cultural ability of teachers were also pointed out and it was determined that the organizational culture governing the education system and schools determines the degree of flexibility, adaptability, participation, and independence of teachers. A favorable organizational culture based on participation guarantees the psychological and cultural ability of teachers. In addition, the flexible organizational structure, decentralization, and the degree of risk-taking of the educational institution affect the ability of teachers. Of course, one should not neglect the rules and regulations, supervision and control of communication skills and mutual relations, value creation and wealth creation, welfare facilities, the number of salaries and wages, rewards and appreciation, and attention to satisfaction and respect. These cases determine the cultural and psychological ability of teachers. In general, it can be said that the practical components of cultural-psychological empowerment among teachers include the promotion of interpersonal competence, management, and leadership competence, and the ability to create events.

Empowerment of female teachers is one of the central issues in education that has a mutual impact on teachers on the one hand and students on the other, however, the present article in order to achieve this goal among female teachers in Tehran using The structural equation model examines the factors affecting the empowerment of women teachers and its consequences using relevant theories. The statistical population of the study included all first grade high school teachers in Tehran in the academic year 1401-1400, of which a sample size of 300 people was estimated using stratified random sampling using Morgan table. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on a 5-item scale. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed in terms of form and content by several experts, the validity was confirmed by calculating the slope and the validity was confirmed by calculating the square root of the AVE. The reliability of the questionnaire was 0.86 through Cronbach's alpha for the whole questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Cronbach's alpha, tangent (AVE) tests, AVE root matrix, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and confirmatory factor analysis using smartpls3 software. The research results showed; Factors; Organizational culture, organizational structure, organizational monitoring system, organizational reward system, organizational management systems have an important role in women's psycho-cultural empowerment, as well as promoting women's empowerment in three dimensions: interpersonal empowerment, managerial and leadership empowerment and the ability to create events.

The upcoming research aims to provide a suitable model for advertising cultural products. In this research, the process of advertising cultural products in the media space of the country (television, newspapers and magazines) and its changes and developments have been investigated and scrutinized from different angles and according to the dimensions, components, indicators, effective factors and Its features should be presented as a suitable, comprehensive and integrated local model for advertising cultural products.The approach used in the present research is quantitative and qualitative (mixed) method. The statistical research community includes academic experts and scientific and executive professionals active in the field of advertising cultural products and media space, which is based on the views of 18 experts and 385 advertising activists with the systemic approach of Strauss and Corbin, during three stages of open and central coding. and selected, 50 concepts and 12 categories were extracted. Among these, advertising of cultural products as the central category and 11 other items formed the basis of the data theory of the research. The findings showed that of the four main  categories of causal, central, strategic conditions and consequences, respectively, government policies based on supporting cultural productions and changing attitudes towards their products or commodities, having an advertising and information program, institutional trainings at the two levels of producers and family institutions, and emphasis on preserving the identity and original values ​​of society have the highest level of emphasis. Therefore, within the framework of theoretical research literature, experts' point of view and the use to Grounded Theory, a proposed model for advertising cultural products in Iran's media space was designed and compiled.

The Holy Qur'an, which was revealed to the Prophet of Islam as the last divine book, has long been faced with different interpretations and perceptions, both by European orientalists and Islamic commentators. The purpose of this article is to examine the verses of the Quran in order to determine the externality of the revelation of the verses of the Quran and to reject the theory of the internality of the verses of the Quran. Due to the externality of the revelation of Qur'anic verses, its scientific investigation is necessary, and on this basis, using the analytical-descriptive method and relying on library and electronic sources, while examining the verses of the Qur'an, the present article examines the externality of the Qur'an in rejecting the theory of the Prophetic Dreams. The findings show that the externality of the Qur'anic verses is due to the presence of verses of the Qur'an that directly address the Prophet of Islam, the presence of verses in which Gabriel is mentioned as the guardian angel of revelation, the presence of verses that indicate the revelation of the verses to the Prophet, and the presence of verses in which the Prophet was threatened.

The aim of this study is a qualitative study of social and cultural contexts of social vitality in urban life. This research is considered as a fundamental research in terms of purpose. In this research, with a qualitative approach and using the method of content analysis, the qualitative study of social vitality in urban life (including causal conditions, contexts, intervening conditions, and its consequences) and the creation of a network of themes have been studied. The results showed that the data obtained from the interview were analyzed using the content analysis method. In this way, first the interviews were recorded in a coherent and integrated text and then coded and similar codes were placed in conceptual categories under the title of organizing themes. Based on the results of the analysis of interviews and media-related sources using content analysis, 11 comprehensive themes related to the areas of social vitality in urban life have been extracted. Also, these 11 comprehensive themes include personal context, social context, cultural context, economic factors, political factors, man-made environment, urban civic infrastructure, media, discharge of negative emotions, obstacles, consequences, which itself consists of 37 organizing themes. 239 basic themes have been compiled. It is noteworthy that in this article, the words cheerfulness, happiness, joy and happiness are used interchangeably.

Language is the most important factor in transmitting culture and heritage from the past and plays a decisive role in explaining and organizing the thoughts and beliefs of individuals - in the present and future of society. In this paper, it is aimed to explain the role of foreign languages in Islamic Republic of Iran national and international cultural policy makings that has been challenged the previous equations and assumptions in the era of the globalization project according to the cons and the globalism process by the pros. The research method was descriptive-survey and data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 25 questions. The statistical population of the study includes the cultural, political, social and linguistic elites of the country and the results show that the social, economic, political and cultural components are the most important components in Iran’s national and international cultural policy makings confronting foreign languages. Finally, according to the threats and opportunities of the internal and external environment, a new doctrine was presented in order to improve existing scientific theories, and then the components and indexes were ranked using the voting optimization model, so the previous step was approved.

Collective life is impossible without communicating with others and According to many thinkers, increasing social capital plays a key role in expanding and deepening relationships. The most important indicator of social capital is trust, the reproduction and reconstruction of which has an effective role in creating social cohesion and solidarity. ‍‍‍‍Also, the successful implementation of public policies of governments, as well as the efficiency of groups, guilds and civic institutions, as well as reasonable and expected interpersonal actions in society, have a significant correlation with strengthening and expanding social trust. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the drivers that affect the future of social trust.

This study has done by combination of quantitative and qualitative approach. After revising and analysis of environmental activities 73 effective factors on social trust listed. Furthermore, after implementing Delphi technique with 15 experts’ finally 11 impeller factors selected then matrix set up and data imported into Micmac application.

According to Micmac output based on direct connection, the most influence impeller is understanding impeller as well as the most impressionable impeller is satisfaction of life. Furthermore, based on indirect connection, the most impressionable impeller is the understanding impeller as well as understanding impeller of government is the most receptive understanding.

Based on the results of the research, it is necessary to pay serious attention to micro and macro factors in public policies to promote social trust at its various levels (interpersonal trust, generalized trust, institutional trust).

In this article, the influence of the emerging powers in Europe on the religious reform movement is investigated and the reason for the initiation of the religious reform movement by these powers is the all-round support of the Pope as Christian leaders to the two empires of Spain and Portugal and the division of the world between them. There were two empires and that other European powers did not have the ability to enter the world stage despite the Pope's support for these two empires. After the religious wars resulting from the religious reform movement, we witnessed the presence of other world powers on the world stage and the removal of the powers supported by the Pope from the world stage. The aim of the current research is to investigate the extent of the influence of emerging European powers. In this research, a descriptive-analytical method was used to review the information and reasons for the emergence of this movement and its success and failure in various countries, and the result of the research was extracted as an examination of the influence of this movement on the scene of global politics and Christianity.

China, as an emerging superpower in the field of the international system, is trying to destroy the economic superiority of the United States in the world arena and to recognize itself as the biggest economic power in the world to the international community. For this purpose, in order to expand the sales market of its goods and gain more control over the world markets, it implemented the belt-road plan. This research aims to answer the question, what will be the impact of the Taliban in Afghanistan on China's Belt and Road Initiative? The results show that the United States allowed the Taliban to seize power in Afghanistan in order to prevent the realization of China's desired goals in the Belt and Road Project, so that by making the borders of China and the countries that are on the path of this project insecure, prevent the realization of the goals of China's plan and the greater economic power of its rival.

This study aimed to design a model with implication of human capital and sporting events in Islamic Republic of Iran cultural diplomacy. It was mixed method and designed. The study population was 264 individuals which equalized with the sample. A researcher-structured questionnaire is applied to achieve the research purposes. Face and content validity were confirmed in three phases with Delphi techniques by 21 sport and cultural experts and scholars. Construct validity of questionnaire was accepted by confirmatory factor analysis. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistical methods including Structural Equations Method (SEM) were used with the help of SPSS and PLS software. The results showed that in the model of cultural diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in sports with emphasis on sporting field, there are factors for human capital, sporting events and products. The obtained model has a suitable fitting.