علی اکبر سیف

Sleep is one of the most important psychological and physiological processes for brain function and mental health that control human health. Sleep quality is essential in middle-aged society, and sleep problems in this society are recognized as a main risk factor for mental and physical health problems. So far, the effectiveness of various treatments have been performed to improve sleep quality in middle-aged people, but no study has compared cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment-based therapy on improving insomnia in middle-aged people.

The research method was experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group and a three-month follow-up. The statistical population of this research included all middle-aged men and women suffering from insomnia who referred to health centers in Hamedan city in 2022. 60 people were selected as available sampling and randomly divided into 3 groups of 20 people (two experimental groups and one control group), cognitive behavioral therapy, commitment and acceptance therapy and control group. The measurement tool in this research was the insomnia disorder questionnaire of Homai Maaz et al. (2023). The experimental groups were subjected to cognitive behavioral therapy based on acceptance and commitment for 9 sessions of 75 minutes respectively, and the control group received the usual treatment.

The findings showed that after the intervention, both treatment methods improved the insomnia disorder compared to the control group, and the treatment results were maintained in the follow-up period (p<0.001); However, acceptance and commitment therapy compared to cognitive behavioral therapy had a greater effect on the improvement of middle-aged insomnia disorder (p<0.001).

According to the research results, it can be said that cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy, along with other therapeutic methods, are suitable intervention methods for improving insomnia disorder in middle-aged people. Psychologists, clinical counselors, and therapists can reduce the problems of patients with insomnia disorder by holding psychological workshops such as cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia and acceptance and commitment therapy for insomnia as easy, accessible, and low-cost treatments to help these people.

The research shows that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment has effectively reduced the stress and anxiety of women with emotional and sexual experiences of extramarital relationships. However, there is a research gap in applying this training to the cognitive, behavioral, and emotional components of the attitude toward extramarital behavior in the researched society.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of education based on the approach of acceptance and commitment to improving attitudes towards extramarital behavior.

This research was applied in terms of purpose and mixed type in terms of method. The statistical population included 476 women of Tehran in 2021. In the qualitative part, the sample size included 16 women who were invited for an interview in a targeted manner. In the quantitative part, the sample size was 30 qualified women randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received eight sessions of training based on acceptance and commitment. To analyze the qualitative content of the interviews, the open and axial coding method was used using Maxqda software, and in the quantitative part, covariance analysis was used using SPSS24 software.

The results of the qualitative content analysis of factors affecting the formation of women's attitudes towards extramarital behavior in four elements: 1. Weakness of attitude and individual values; 2. Weakness in lifestyle and defects in marital well-being; 3. Problems related to family life before marriage; 4. The shortcomings of the educational-cultural-economic system were categorized. The results of the implementation of the teaching method based on the acceptance and commitment approach showed a significant level (P < 0.05), indicating the mentioned method's effectiveness.

The teaching method based on the approach of acceptance and commitment has led to the change and modification of the attitude of this group of women towards extramarital behavior. Therefore, using this research with more samples is suggested to other researchers.

The aim of the research was to design, construct and determine the psychometric characteristics of the insomnia disorder diagnosis and etiology questionnaire.

The research method was descriptive and psychometric. The statistical population studied was all the middle-aged people who referred to the health centers of Hamedan city in 2022, and 300 people were studied using the available sampling method. At first, using the two-dimensional specification table, the items of the questionnaire were prepared and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was used to check the construct validity.

The findings showed that in the insomnia diagnosis questionnaire, 5 factors with eigenvalues greater than one explain 62% of the variance of the total scores. Also, Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the whole insomnia diagnosis questionnaire was 0.88. In the insomnia disorder etiology questionnaire, 7 factors with eigenvalues greater than one explain 65% of the variance of the total scores, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the entire insomnia disorder etiology questionnaire was 0.94. Insomnia disorder questionnaire factors including sleep stress, sleep quantity, sleep pattern, sleep quality and sleep continuity and insomnia disorder etiology questionnaire factors include; Psychological conditions, environmental conditions, social conditions, sleep hygiene, physical conditions, consumption of drugs and alcohol, and attitude to sleep which explain insomnia and the causes of insomnia.

The results of the confirmatory factor analysis were greater than 0.5 in all cases and the composite reliability values in all components were greater than 0.4 in both questionnaires. Therefore, the mentioned questionnaire has good reliability and validity.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is one of the most common disorders in childhood and adulthood and has a negative impact on the performance and academic motivation of many students. The research is whether computer cognitive rehabilitation training and concept map training are effective on attention and concentration and comprehension? And which is more effective?

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of computer cognitive rehabilitation training and concept map training on attention and concentration and comprehension of students with attention deficit and concentration.

The present study is a pilot study and research design "pre-test post-test with a control group. The study population included all female adolescents in the first secondary schools of Tehran who were studying in the academic year 1300-1499. The sample of the study included 60 students who The multi-stage random method was selected and then randomly assigned to 3 groups with similar spatial and temporal conditions.The adolescents in the computer cognitive rehabilitation training group were exposed to the Captain Log program in 8 sessions of 30 minutes, the second group was trained in the map. They received a similar concept at the same time, and the control group was exposed to exactly the same time and meetings with the experimenter but without any intervention, and multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that computer cognitive rehabilitation training was effective on students' attention and concentration deficits while concentration map training was not effective on attention and concentration and also concept map training was effective on comprehension while computer cognitive rehabilitation training was effective on Comprehension was not effective. Between the two training methods, the computer cognitive rehabilitation training method was more effective on attention and concentration and there was no significant difference between the two training methods on comprehension.

Computer cognitive rehabilitation training can be used as a complementary therapy along with other educational interventions to increase attention and concentration by creating an attractive educational environment. Also, concept map training leads to the acquisition and reconstruction of cognitive structures and increase comprehension of these students.

The present study was a descriptive survey and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the research consisted of 437 women of Tehran in 2021. The questionnaire items were adjusted using a two-dimensional profile table first. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the validity of the structure. The results showed that nine factors with eigenvalues greater than 1 explained 60.5% of the total variance of the scores and Cronbach's alpha coefficient for each component was more than 0.6. Factors of this questionnaire including "lack of awareness and knowledge about marital life skills, feeling unhealthy and upset, ignoring the values of a committed life, boredom in marriage life, lack of knowledge about the values of cohabitation, extreme control, the effect of tempting situations, response to suppressed anger are factors associated to sexual needs" that can explain the causes of extramarital behavior in women of Tehran.The results of confirmatory factor analysis were greater than 0.5 in all cases and the values of combined reliability in all components were greater than 0.7. Therefore, the questionnaire had optimal validity and reliability and is suitable for diagnosing and evaluating the type and direction of attitudes toward extramarital behavior.

Cancer refers to the cell masses with malignant properties. Cancers are among the most common and severe diseases observed in clinical medicine. Patients describe fatigue resulting from cancer as very severe, chronic, and frustrating that does not eliminate with rest. Fatigue presents a negative effect on various aspects of individuals’ quality of life. The standard cancer treatment is often chemotherapy, which can generate symptoms, such as nausea, fatigue, anorexia, pain, and sleep disturbances. One of the most frequent and severe adverse effects of chemotherapy is nausea and vomiting. The psychological dimension of cancer patients’ lives is as essential as their physical therapy and helps them with treatment adherence. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of mindfulness training on cancer–induced fatigue and the rate of chemotherapy adverse effects (nausea & vomiting) in cancer patients.

This was a quasi–experimental study with a pretest–posttest and a control group design. The statistical population of this study included all cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in Rasoul Akram Hospital in Tehran City, Iran, in 2017. Of this population, by referring to the records and pathology reports of patients by the oncologist, 30 subjects were selected as the study sample by random sampling method. Consequently, they were randomly placed in the experimental and the control groups (n=15/group). The inclusion criteria were having one cancer type, receiving chemotherapy interventions, an age range of 25–55 year, a minimum diploma degree, no disability or severe mental disorders (based on the medical records), and no use of drugs that stimulate the nervous system (based on medical records). Besides, the exclusion criteria of the study were absence from >3 sessions, not completing home tasks, the occurrence of unforeseen events, and unwillingness to cooperate in the study. The research instruments included the Cancer Fatigue Scale (Okuyama et al., 2000) and the Index of Nausea and Vomiting Assessment (Rhodes & McDaniel, 1999). These inventories were administered to the study groups at pretest and posttest steps. Furthermore, mindfulness training was performed only for the experimental group. Mindfulness therapy was performed in eight 90–minute weekly sessions for two months, using the training package of Norouzi and associates (2017). The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, such as mean and standard deviation, and inferential statistics, including univariate Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) in SPSS. The significance level of the tests was considered 0.05.

The univariate ANCOVA data suggested a significant difference in the posttest scores of cancer–induced fatigue (p<0.001) and the rate of chemotherapy complications (nausea & vomiting) (p<0.001) between the experimental and control groups. The effect size for cancer–related fatigue and the side effects of chemotherapy was measured as 0.20 and 0.18, respectively.

Based on the current research findings, mindfulness training could effectively reduce cancer–induced fatigue and the rate of chemotherapy complications (nausea & vomiting); thus, this approach can be used along with medical methods for treating this population.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of teaching the learning strategy of visualization and self-regulation education on studentschr('39') creativity.

The present study was experimental. The research population consisted of all 7th grade students in Tehran during the academic year 1397-1396. Using multi-stage cluster sampling, 120 students (60 female students, 60 male students) were selected as sample. To collect data, the Torrance Creativity Questionnaire was used which was carried out in the pre-test and post-test. Data were analyzed using covariance statistical test.

The results showed that two educational methods of visualization and self-regulation education on increasing the creativity of students have a significant effect. The results also showed that there is no significant difference between male and female students regarding the effectiveness of these two experimental methods on studentchr('39')s creativity. However, the results showed that there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of two experimental methods of teaching the learning strategy of visualization and self-discipline education on studentschr('39') creativity, and it can be said that these two methods of teaching have been effective.

The results showed that learning the learning strategy of visualization and self-regulation education in increasing the creativity of students is the same and the effect of these two methods on the creativity of female students is similar.

This study set out to examine the impact of assertiveness training on the level of academic motivation and Internet addiction of high school students in Tehran. This quasi-experimental research had a pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population of the study was comprised of all Tehrani 11th graders in school year 2017-18.  The drawn sample (N=80) was selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method and was assigned to two experimental (N=40) and two control groups (N=40). The instruments included the Academic Motivation Questionnaire (Abdekhoda’ee et al., 2008) and the Internet Addiction Test (Young, 1998). The experimental groups were given eight two-hour sessions of assertiveness training, while the control group received no intervention. At the end of the training, academic motivation and Internet addiction were measured during posttest phase and the data were analyzed via ANCOVA. The results indicated that the assertiveness training significantly reduced Internet addiction in students and it improved their academic motivation. Consequently, assertiveness training could be utilized as an effective method at schools.

Cancer-related burnout is one of the factors affecting the mental health of people with cancer. But the key question is whether compassion-focused therapy and mindfulness training can affect traumatic development and burnout in people with cancer?

To compare the effectiveness of therapy focused on compassion and mind training on traumatic development and cancer-related burnout in cancer patients.

The experimental design was pre-test and post-test. The statistical population included all cancer patients of Prophet Akram Hospital who were referred for chemotherapy in 1396. Sixty subjects were selected by purposive sampling method and were randomly divided into three groups of 20 (two experimental and one control group). Instruments include the Teddych & Kahlone Trauma Disaster Questionnaire (1996) and the Okimama et al. Cancer Burnout Scale (2000), Mindfulness-Based Intervention (Bayer, 2014), and Gilbert Compassion Therapy Intervention (2005). Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance, extrapolated follow-up test and L-matrix.

Mindfulness-awareness and compassion-focused therapy had a significant effect on increasing traumatic development and decreasing burnout in patients (P<0/01). Also, mindfulness training on post-traumatic development was more effective than compassionate focused therapy, but there was no difference between the effectiveness of the two methods on cancer-related burnout (P<0/01).

Mindfulness training and compassion-focused therapy interventions can be used to increase traumatic development and reduce burnout in cancer patients.

This research was conducted to assess the impact of mindfulness on academic motivation among the 11th-grade students in Tehran.  As an experimental research, we employed a pre- and post-test with a control group. The participants included all 11th-grade students who were studying in District Two of Tehran country in 2017-2018. The researchers utilized multi-phase cluster sampling to choose 80 students (40 female and 40 male students), who showed lower scores on their academic motivation test, and randomly placed them into four groups of participants (two experimental groups and two control groups).  The experimental groups received mindfulness training in eight sessions. Then all participants were given Academic Motivation as the post-test. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance, and Multivariate Analysis of Covariance. The results indicated that mindfulness practice had a significant impact on increasing academic motivation in female and male students. Due to the positive impact of mindfulness practices on students to increase their academic motivations, it is suggested that teachers and educators create a motivating academic environment by encouraging students’ self-efficacy and providing mindfulness technique.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of teaching strategy learning and visualization and self-regulation training on student problem solving skills. The present research was experimental. The research population consisted of all 7th grade students in Tehran during the academic year 1397-1396. Using multi-stage cluster sampling, 120 students (60 female students, 60 male students) were selected as sample. A questionnaire for solving the Hepner and Peterston questionnaires was used to collect data, which was carried out in two stages: pre-test and post-test. Data were analyzed using covariance statistical test. The findings showed that two methods of teaching visualization strategy and self-regulation training were effective on increasing students' problem solving skills, but there was no significant difference between the effects of these two methods. It was also found that the training of visualization strategy increased the mean of the component of trust in problem solving, the style of avoidance tendency and personal control, but self-regulation education had a significant effect only on the component of trust in problem solving and the style of avoidance tendency. Also, the results showed that learning the learning strategy of visualization in the component of personal control was more effective than self-regulation education. The results showed that learning the learning strategy of visualization and self-regulation education in problem-solving skills influenced the male students more than female students. However, in the component of trust, the problem of teaching visualization strategies for male students was more effective than female students, and self-regulation education for female students was more effective than male students.

The current research is aimed in performance comparison of smart and non smart female high schools on ground of development of knowledge production capability in third grade high school.The research method is ex post facto and performed for evaluation of function of these schools and research is applicable objectively. Statistic society includes third grade female high school district 8th of Tehran, which includes 10 public schools, 6 non public schools, one smart school with population of 1020 . 260 persons, were selected by stratified random sampling among smart and non smart schools. Capability of knowledge generation was measured by test made by researcher on basis of psychometrics principles. Analysis of data with use of t test was done to compare the two independent groups. The result indicated that a significant difference exists between the two groups and smart schools have had better performance in regard to development of knowledge production capability, and communication technology can mean process technology in human thoughts. In these schools, students can get in touch with world scientific sources acts and meet teachers and students from other schools and educational environment can act bilateral channel to gain knowledge instead of one way channel and by changing the role of teachers, effect the facilitation of teaching and learning trend, thereby students are creator of knowledge themselves.

The purpose of current study was the effectivness of mindfulness training in reducing the test anxiety and increasing the attitude toward school in 11th grade students in Tehran. The research method is experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all students of the 11th grade students of Tehran in the academic year of 2017-2018. From this population, by using a multi-stage clustering method, 88 students (44 girls and 44 boys) who had high scores in Friedben's Anxiety Inventory (1997) and low scores in attitudes toward Schools the McCoach & Siegle Inventory (2003), were selected and randomly assigned to 4 groups (2 experimental and 2 control groups). Then, experimental groups received a Mindfulness protocol in 8 sessions of 2 hours. After completion of the sessions, all subjects were re-evaluated. The data were analyzed by using univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). The findings of this study showed that mindfulness training is effective in reducing the test anxiety and increasing the attitude toward the school.

Positive attitude toward school, educational content, and teachers’ behaviors cause academic motivations in students.  Self-regulated learners develop the positive attitude through their own intellectual processes and knowing how to utilize learning strategies.  This research project determines the effectiveness of self-regulation on students with low attitude toward school. The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of self-regulation in reinforcing positive attitude toward school among grade 11 students. This experimental study was carried out with a pretest-posttest design and control groups. 88 students (44 male and 44 female) with low scores in attitude to school were selected by using the multistage cluster sampling. The attitude questionnaire toward Mccoach and siegle (2003) school was used as the research tool, and data were analyzed by using one way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results showed the significant effectiveness of the attitude toward to school among both of experimental male and female groups (p<0/01). The development of self-regulation skills, improved the student performance in learning as compared before.  This achievement, in turn, instilled a positive attitude to school among them.

due to the high prevalence of test anxiety and its negative effect on the performance of the students so far different methods of psychological interventions have been evaluated. This research aims to influence the mind of consciousness-based education and the issue of standing was done students test anxiety.

the method used and the field test – half of test anxiety inventory used spiritual tools and problem-solving style questionnaire long and Cassidy a Godly consciousness and mind questionnaire based on training the mind was aware of Protocol. The statistical population consists of students who in the year 93 to the clinic of Dr. Davood manavipour in order to visit the internship courses was that the number of 24 people (12 people in the experimental group and the control group 12) which of these 3 boys and 9 girls in each group were selected by daotabaneh sampling method. For the research hypothesis and results analysis, Covariance analysis of test data (ancova) were. Results &

the findings indicated that training on the awareness of mind-based reduction of test anxiety, but the impact is on problem-solving styles is useless

The purpose of this study was estimating the effectiveness of educational package based on mind mapping multimedia software and its effect on information processing speed in 8th grade female students. The methodology of the research was semi-experimental, with pretest-posttest and control group. The population of the study was 8th grade female students of Kerman schools selected by multistage cluster sampling and divided randomly into two groups (20 students in experimental group and 20 students in control group). In pre-test and post-test, all subjects were evaluated by fourth edition Wechsler test (sub-test of coding and sub-test of symbolism). The experimental group received the educational program in 10 sessions. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis. The results showed that the effect of the educational package based on mind mapping multimedia software on the speed of information processing in the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group. Based on the results of this research, we can conclude that the educational package based on the mind mapping software can be used in improving the cognitive functions such as student information processing speed.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the educational methods of coherent and discrete families and its impact on the socio-ethical behaviors of children. For this purpose, in a post-event descriptive study, a statistical population of all 19- to 25-year-old boys in the Arak Nursing Aid, 45 people with their parents were selected by available method, and 45 boys studied, who had a history of Disciplinary violations were brought against them along with their parents. The instruments used in this study were demographic questionnaires, parental authority, family cohesion, and parental-specific structured interviews. Data were analyzed using independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test.

In this study, has been studied the effectiveness of close-reading strategies training on comprehension and test anxiety of students. The method of this research was the experimental design, using a pre and post-test exam with the control group. The statistical population of the study were female students of 8th grade of district 5 Tehran city in 1395-96, and selected by cluster sampling method and randomly selected in 2 experiment groups & 2 control groups (a total of 4 groups). In the pre and post-test, subjects evaluated using the researcher - made test, comprehension and Friedban anxiety Questionnaire (1997). Experimental groups taught to training basic techniques of close reading during 8 sessions. During this period, the control groups did not receive this training. The results were analyzed using Covariance analysis showed as a result of close reading training there is a significant difference in the comprehension and anxiety of the test in the experimental groups than control groups in pre and post-test (p

The academic motivation due to its important role in school learning is the basis for several research in the field of educational psychology. However, less research has been paid to the distinction between state academic motivation and trait academic motivation. While there is no suitable tool for measuring this factor, this study aimed to make appropriate instrumentation to assess the academic motivation state. In order to achieve this goal, a questionnaire on the basis of theoretical principles in the areas of academic motivation was prepared. Through the pilot study and survey respondents and ten professors of psychology, the content related validity was confirmed, and its reliability in the pilot study with internal consistency and Cronbach`s alpha coefficient was calculated as. 0.95. This questionnaire had 53 questions for the final run conducted on a sample of 300 students of PNU based on random sampling. To analyze the research data, Bartlett`s sohericity test, factor analysis with various rotations, Cronbach`s alpha, percentage norm, and categorical norm were used. As a result of factor analysis and based on scree four factors were found in the academic motivation state questionnaire. Cronbach`s alpha coefficient for the total test was. 0.91, and for the subscales of interest in class and interpersonal communication 0.89, interest in competence and self – efficacy 0.68, interest in the course and field of study 0.67, and interest in praise and encouragement 0.76. Based on the performance of the participats, percentage norm table and categorical norm table were developed for the questionnar of academic state movtivation and its subscales. Highly valid and reliable tool with necessary standardization for application in educational and psychological research.

This research aims to develop a model based on writing to learn (WTL) and the effective on promotion of learning and writing skills of students. Therefore, use the nonequivalent control group design with pre- test and post- test. 115 of the undergraduate students of Education University were assigned at random in three groups: Group 1 (short writing assignments), group 2 (analytical essay), and control group (traditional instruction). Analysis of data from the implementation of research instruments (achievement test and California Basic skills tests training in (CBEST)), After the pre-test and post-test before and after the presentation of 16 sessions were conducted , showing to : 1 – The mean learning scores in the writing groups ,at all levels except level recall, was higher than the traditional group and the mean learning in the analytical essay group were higher than short writing assignments group in the apply level. 2- a significant increase in writing scores was observed for two groups of students in the often writing skills, especially analytical essay groups. Overall, the findings confirmed on the effectiveness of teaching writing based on the promotion of learning and writing skills of students and revealed that the analytical essay is more effective than short assignments.

The purpose of this study was to determine The effectiveness of the educational package based on mind mapping multimedia software, on the cognitive skills of science lesson of female students of eighth grade. The methodology of research was experimental, with pretest-posttest and control. The population of the study was 8th grade girl students of Kerman schools selected by multistage cluster sampling and randomly divided into two groups (20 person in experimental group and 20 person in control group). In pre-test and post-test, all subjects were evaluated by using a researcher-made test of cognitive skills in the science course, including 60 multiple-choice questions and 10 essay questions. The experimental group received the educational program in 10 sessions. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis. The results of this study show that the students has been trained by educational package based on mind mapping multimedia software, obtained the higher score in total cognitive skills as well as all level of cognitive skills specially in skills such as remember, understand, apply and analysis. Also, according to the results of this study, it is suggested that the mind maps are used as a tool to activate student's previous learning And connecting the concepts of the courses, in order to understand more about education and teaching materials.

This study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effects of teaching learning and study strategies with the impact of emotional regulation training on academic resilience and test anxiety of female high school students. This was a quasi-experimental method with pretest-posttest and control group. For this purpose, 60 students out of 31 schools were randomly placed in three groups (first group: teaching learning and study strategies, second group: emotional regulation training and third group: no education) after the conduction of the pretest and screening. After ten educational sessions regarding both the first and second groups, the results of the posttest by the two questionnaires of test anxiety and academic resilience were gathered and then the scores of the pretest and the posttest of the control and experimental groups were compared by the multivariate analysis methods and Schefe test. The results of data analysis showed that teaching learning and study strategies has a more significant efficiency rather than emotional regulation training on the reduction of test anxiety and the academic resilience.